Eliminating poverty and achieving social justice are global concerns. China has focused on common prosperity. Comprehensive land consolidation is a potential policy tool that can contribute to common prosperity, but its effectiveness and implementation methods are yet to be verified and discussed. Therefore, we construct an analytical framework to understand how comprehensive land consolidation promotes common prosperity. The pilot area for comprehensive land consolidation in Ningbo City is used as a qualitative case study. The research results indicate that comprehensive land consolidation focuses on development and sharing to promote high-quality socio-economic development, social fairness, and justice. The paths for achieving development included the following: (1) a network governance structure consisting of multiple entities to enhance land governance; (2) various consolidation activities were conducted at the town scale to optimize the functionality and spatial pattern of public spaces; and (3) enabling the flow of urban and rural factors for improved resource allocation efficiency and providing an impetus for industrial development. The paths for achieving sharing included clarifying collective land ownership and promoting land transactions to provide diverse land values and ensure a shared distribution. This research provides new insights applicable to other Chinese cities and numerous developing countries engaged in land consolidation to address social distribution issues.

Given the negative impacts of global warming on natural ecosystems and socio-economic development, addressing the challenges posed by climate change has become an area of concern for government agencies and academia. We explored the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions (CEs) and its impact mechanism based on carbon emission data from prefecture level cities in China from 1997 to 2017, using methods such as spatial autocorrelation model, centroid model, and geographically weighted regression. The results show that the national average CEs was 6522.98 million tons from 1997 to 2017. CEs were higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest of China. The main types of local spatial autocorrelation were high-high (H-H) and low-low (L-L), indicating that the high-value and low value areas of carbon emissions exhibit spatial clustering characteristics, respectively. The gravity center of the CEs shifted 128.48 km to the southwest during the study period. The general public budget expenditure, energy consumption per unit of GDP, and population density significantly influenced the spatial distribution of CEs. In over 70% of the study area, these factors, along with GDP per capita, have a positive impact on carbon emissions. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for China to achieve its “double carbon” goal by the middle of this century and are particularly useful for promoting green and low-carbon growth in developing countries across the world.

Multifunctional land use (MLU), as an effective way to increase the intensity and efficiency of land use, is an important concept and method for achieving sustainable land use. The behavioral intentions of urban residents towards peri-urban areas have a significant impact on both policy formulation and individual motivation. We used survey data from representative metropolitan areas in eastern, central, and western China to understand which factors influence participants' behavioral intentions towards peri-urban areas. The method of this study comprises three major steps. First, emotional connections (E) were identified and added to the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) model, yielding a KAEP model which is the foundation of the research hypotheses. Second, factor analysis was adopted to generate 14 land use functions that revealed the urban residents' attitudes toward peri-urban areas. Third, regression was used to understand the relationships between knowledge, attitudes, emotions, and practices. The results show that emotional connections are indeed an important factor in shaping behavioral intentions. Urban residents' differing expectations regarding peri-urban areas lead to four different types of behavioral intentions, including living, traveling, working, and retiring. The government should aim to broaden urban residents' access to knowledge on MLU and employ effective promotions. Rural planning and policies should adopt differentiation strategies according to the attitudes of urban residents. In addition, the government should improve the physical environment of the countryside to increase urban residents’ emotional connections to rural areas.

Comprehensive land consolidation is a national spatial governance tool that practices the concept of a living community of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,and grasses.It can directly connect with the construction of rural climate adaptation capacity.However,few stud-ies have been conducted from this perspective.Using literature review,theoretical analysis,and inductive deduction methods,this article attempts to explore the integration of comprehensive land consolidation and rural adaptation to climate change,as well as systematically explain the impact path and evaluation framework of comprehensive land consolidation on rural climate change adaptation.It will help to better understand the rich connotations of comprehensive land consolidation and assist in sustainable rural development.The main research findings are as fol-lows:(1)In the practical process,comprehensive land consolidation has formed a linkage sys-tem of"planning,consolidation,and operation",which has the characteristics of multi-function-ality and spatial constructions,enabling it to be embedded in the cultivation system of rural ad-aptation capacity to climate change.It can develop into a cross-departmental spatial governance tool in responding to natural disaster risks from the perspective of rural adaptation to climate change.(2)The comprehensive land consolidation and rural adaptation to climate change forms an interactive relationship named Tool-Field-Habit.The comprehensive land consolidation tool affects the rural climate adaptability through the chain of"climate adaptation and shaping of ru-ral spatial field and the formation of climate adaptation habits of multiple subjects",specifically forming a differentiated impact path for the rural agricultural management system,the rural hu-man settlements system and the rural ecosystem.(3)A framework for assessing the impact of comprehensive land remediation on rural climate change adaptation,with"resilience potential"as the core,has been established.Among them,rural climate resilience assessment is the foun-dation,and the difference between rural climate resilience before and after remediation is the impact potential.The study has opened up a new theoretical research perspective for under-standing the relationships and impact paths between comprehensive land consolidation and ru-ral climate change adaptation,and can provide theoretical reference for promoting sustainable development in rural areas under the background of climate change adaptation.

Against the backdrop of an urban-rural dual structure, governance structure significantly influences the fairness and sharing of land value increment profits from land consolidation in various regions. This paper develops a spatial-institutional analytical framework, reflects on the traditional government-led land quota planning management mechanism and advocates optimizing governance structures in land consolidation to facilitate urban-rural element flows and the sharing of land value increment profits. This paper selects two comprehensive land consolidation cases in the Fenghua District and Cixi City of Ningbo, representing government-led and village collective self-organized governance structures. The research shows that the Fenghua case adopts a government-led state-owned enterprise coordinated governance structure, which state-owned enterprises bear operational risks and the majority of profit sharing, while village collectives, as landowners, are insufficiently protected in benefit sharing. The Cixi case employs a government-embedded village-town governance structure, with the village collectives as the main operating body, allowing collective construction land to enter the market to ensure the sharing of community profits. Both governance structures promote the bidirectional flow of urban-rural land resource elements; the former significantly drives urban development, while the latter ensures better benefit sharing for village collectives. The research proposes that optimizing governance structures and improving land quota allocation mechanisms can further stimulate various entities’ participation in land consolidation and land value activation.

Understanding the intricate connections between ecosystem services (ESs) and resident well-being (RWB) is critical to managing ESs and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, it is difficult to quantify the impact mechanism between different ESs and RWB. We constructed a theoretical framework to analyze the impact mechanism of ESs on RWB under SDGs. We sought to quantify the spatiotemporal characteristics of ESs and RWB in Shanghai at the district scale and then explored the impact mechanism of ESs on RWB using a structural equation model (SEM). Results show that habitat quality, carbon storage capacity, food availability, and cultural services declined from 2000 to 2020. The level of RWB in the central urban area was higher than that in the suburbs. Material satisfaction grew in most districts but declined somewhat in Huangpu, Chongming. Spiritual fulfillment declined in most districts while it increased in Changning, Hongkou, and Pudong. Health and social relations improved in most districts, but the safety in suburbs has decreased. Supporting services directly promoted regulating services and cultural services but inhibited provisioning services. Cultural services had a negative impact on regulating services and provisioning services. Regulating services promoted provisioning services and suppressed cultural services while provisioning services promoted cultural services greatly and suppressed regulating services. Regulating and cultural services directly promoted the RWB, and provisioning services had an inhibitory effect on it. Supporting services indirectly promoted the RWB by promoting regulating and cultural services, while it suppressed the provisioning services to reduce the negative impact on RWB, it is crucial for improving RWB. Accordingly, we proposed several spatially targeted ecological measures. Community ecological parks should be constructed to promote the variety, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems in downtown areas. Supporting services should be improved by targeting habitat quality capacity to manage and restore the ecological environment. The cultural and tourism infrastructure of country parks in the suburbs should be improved to provide more employment opportunities and high-quality cultural services. The ecological compensation mechanism and market trading mechanism should be optimized to shorten the transition period of the ecological economy.

促进生态产品的价值实现是国土空间规划难以回避且亟需探索解决的问题.厘清国土空间规划框架下耕地占补平衡向生态占补平衡转型的制度演进逻辑,尝试构建基于"生态券"的生态产品市场化交易机制,并以京津冀地区为例开展实证.结果显示:(1)国土空间规划为核定"生态券"提供了制度基础,"生态券"交易可弥补因国土空间规划而导致的土地发展权的损失.(2)"生态券"是区域生态用地保护量在基准年和目标年的变化量,提出以县级地方政府为交易主体、由国家年度计划管理确定交易总量、采取政府确定底价和市场定价相结合的交易机制.(3)将生态用地类型确定为林地、草地、湿地与水域四类,使用区域自然条件、GDP和人口密度校正后计算的"标准林"面积核算该区域"生态券".(4)2010-2018年,京津冀"生态券"需求量为142.02×104 hm2,主要为海淀、西青、津南、武清、昌黎等地;供应量为74.73×104 hm2,主要来自房山、赵县、兴隆、隆化、承德等地.研究结果为生态产品价值实现提供了新思路和相对简单易操作的方法,可以为国土空间规划及区域间共同富裕提供理论与方法借鉴.

大城市居民作为最主要的乡村多功能消费者,是影响乡村多功能转型和价值显化的关键主体之一.该研究基于长三角城市群典型大城市宁波的调查问卷数据,利用KAP模型提出3个研究假设,从城市居民的知识(K)、态度(A)和行为(P)三方面探讨大城市居民对乡村多功能转型的响应机理.结果显示:①宁波居民对11个乡村功能的认知态度全部显著,其中,对乡村提供休闲放松功能、乡村农耕文化体验功能和养老功能最为认可,均值分别是5.99,5.88和5.79;②大城市居民对乡村多功能转型具有"知识获取(K)-认知态度(A)-行为意图(P)"的传导和响应路径,即居民获取的关于乡村的知识、居民对乡村多功能的认知态度显著影响他们的乡村消费行为意图;③宁波居民对乡村多功能的认知态度(A)主要受由媒体和人际传播产生的外源性知识影响;除农产品供应功能、工业发展功能和文创功能以外,居民对其他8个乡村功能的态度(A)与他们前往乡村居住、旅游、工作和养老的行为(P)之间存在显著相关.研究结论:促进大城市乡村多功能转型的政策,应当重视城市居民对乡村消费的多样化需求在信息传播、差异化发展和乡村公共基础设施改善方面更好的承接城市居民的"乡愁".

Capital outflow during industrialization and urbanization is a primary reason for global rural recession, and China is no exception. Since China focuses on the integrated development of urban and rural areas, urban-rural capital flow affects the transformation and sustainable development of rural areas. However, few studies have focused on this issue. Based on long-term field observations of Wufang Village in Shanghai, we established an analytical framework to describe how urban-rural capital flow promotes rural reconstruction. The research results show that the influx of urban industrial and commercial capital results in market-oriented organization and reconstruction focusing on land, industry, and capital: (1) Land-use optimization changes the land ownership and spatial structure of rural areas and improves the spatial value of rural areas. (2) Industrial development is focused on diverse development and the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. (3) Capital investment is performed by a consortium of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, and rural collective enterprises—which jointly invest, obtain revenue, and share profits—while considering the balance between attracting capital to rural areas and achieving independent development. The experience of Wufang Village has implications for the rural transformation policies of other large cities in China and other countries in Asia and Africa during urbanization.

The analysis of land use change (LUC) characteristics and the impact of policies related to urban ecological space is required to improve spatial planning and to support decision making regarding green infrastructure (GI) investment. This study employed Geo-informatic Tupu analysis and Fluctuation Potential Tupu analysis methods to analyze the characteristics of LUC in an urban ecological corridor (EC). To help understand the influence of land use policy on GI governance and support the optimization of spatial planning, we proposed a situation–structure–implementation–outcome (SSIO) policy cascade analysis framework. SSIO takes “place” as its starting point, then couples the local policy with the governance structure to promote the sustainability of urban commons governance. The results show that the land use type within an EC in the city is mainly cultivated land. However, between 2009 and 2019, cultivated land, construction land, and facility agricultural land all showed a decreasing trend, while forest land and garden land types underwent increasing trends. The LUC Tupu unit highlights the transition from cultivated land to forest land. Forest land has the greatest increase in area and accounts for 52.34% of the area of increasing land use. Cultivated land shows the greatest decrease in area and accounts for 70.30% of the area of decreasing trends. Based on the local policy situation of the metropolis, a land policy governance mechanism can be constructed by the establishment of a governance structure with local government as the core, using land consolidation as the platform, taking ecological spatial planning and inefficient construction land reduction as typical policy tools, and experimentally integrating the concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS). In general, these findings may be applicable to other rapidly urbanizing cities around the world that are developing complex land use policies for ecological space governance.

探索低效工业用地减量化治理对优化土地资源利用格局、促进产业升级和城市高质量发展具有重要意义.在分析低效工业用地治理复杂系统特征的基础上,建构"情境—结构—行为—结果"分析框架,以超大城市上海市为例,采用扎根分析方法,揭示减量化过程和运行机理.结果显示:(1)低效工业用地减量化具有规划限制性、公共利益性和乡村嵌入性特征,由外部环境、用地效益、主体角色和减量化治理共同构成"外缘—内核"式的复杂适应系统.(2)建设用地"天花板"刚性约束下的宏观资源—环境—发展压力与微观用地效益是减量化的外部情境;内源性主体治理能力不足与外源性主体基于公共利益主动介入共同构成基于价值共享的治理结构;刚性政策、激励政策和支持政策形成了"三元互补"系统推动了集体行动;结果则呈现出城市高质量发展与资源再配置的协调,而平衡生态保护与经济发展、解决减量化短期压力将成为持续开展减量化的重点与难点.研究结果可为长三角其他城市开展低效工业用地治理提供经验和案例的借鉴.

合理布局建设医疗卫生服务设施,确保居民公平地获得基本医疗卫生服务,是实现健康普及和健康公平的第一步.以上海市五个新城为例,基于GIS平台使用两步移动搜寻法,分别评估不同交通方式情景下,五个新城范围内街(镇)、村(居)委的综合医院和社区卫生服务中心的空间可达性特征,并提出治理建议.研究结果显示:(1)15分钟步行距离情景下,可达性指数位于前20％的村(居)委共计99个,在五个新城均有分布,依次为嘉定新城(31个)、青浦新城(25个)、松江新城(23个)、南汇新城(18个)、奉贤新城(13个);(2)与全市相比,五个新城医疗服务的空间可达性仍表现出明显不足;从街(镇)尺度来看,松江新城比其他新城空间可达性指数更高,南汇新城内部空间可达性差异较小;在15分钟综合医疗步行的情景下,嘉定新城、青浦新城、奉贤新城的空间可达性明显较优,但是五大新城中近60％的村(居)委综合医疗服务不可达;(3)建议通过加强区域联动、与道路协同规划等治理策略提高五个新城的医疗服务空间可达性.研究结果可为大城市新城区提高公共医疗服务公平性提供规划与治理对策启示.

Multifunctional land use (MLU) has been treated by many countries and regions as an effective path for balancing conflicts between limited land resources and the social, economic, and ecological sustainable development demands resulting from urbanization. Peri-urban areas are significantly influenced by urban and rural development. Urban residents' perceptions to peri-urban areas are critical for influencers of relative policies. This study aims to account for urban residents' perceptions of MLU in peri-urban areas to bring attention to land-use issues from a demand perspective. We developed a conceptual framework based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs to illustrate the relationship between urban residents' needs and MLU in peri-urban areas. We selected Shanghai, Wuhan, and Chengdu as representative metropolises in East, Central, and West China, respectively, and surveyed urban residents in these three metropolises to understand their needs and views with regard to multifunctional peri-urban land use. The results show that urban residents perceived 14 land-use functions of peri-urban areas as significant and recognized esteem needs and self-fulfillment as most important, followed by safety needs, physiological needs, and social needs. The most significant needs of China's urban residents with regards to MLU in peri-urban areas, residence and retirement, should be addressed in policymaking and planning. In addition, media and communication also play important roles in terms of mediating and establishing communication between residents, farmers, and policymakers.

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) reflect the pursuit of achieving spatial justice. Both SDG 1.4 and SDG 11.1 reflect a concern for urban services. Life service resources, which are the new concept proposed by the Chinese government, also call for sustainable development path. However, few studies have focused on the realization of spatial justice in life service resources. This paper proposes a two-level, four-step analysis framework composed of quantity, structure, pattern, and coupling coordination to perceive the spatial justice of life service resources. Based on remote sensing technology and geographic information science, this paper acquires and analyses multi-source data including population density, building outlines, point of interests, subway lines, etc. Furthermore, the case study in downtown Beijing found the following: (1) The total life service resources are extensive and varying in type; (2) regional differences are evident and low-level equilibrium and high-level priority development coexist; (3) life service resources are concentrated in contiguous and multi-centre clusters with a greater north–south than east–west difference; (4) the overall level of life service resources is low, specifically for “high in the centre and low in the periphery” and “high in the east and low in the west”. Future management should consider narrowing the development gap and formulating industry development plans to improve spatial justice. Finally, the comparison between Beijing and London and more cities in the future needs to consider the urban development stage, population density, and other aspects.

研究目的:探索在"人才—文化制度子系统—资源产业子系统"理论模型指导下城市周边闲置宅基地盘活利用的治理对策,为实现乡村振兴提供有效路径.研究方法:案例研究法、扎根方法.研究结果:宅基地盘活利用是一个涉及资源、产业、文化、制度、人才等维度的综合系统.其中人才是连通其他子系统的枢纽;文化子系统为宅基地盘活利用提供了行为规范;制度子系统形成"自上而下"的宅基地盘活利用制度体系,并通过绩效考核和部门任务两个途径落实;资源子系统围绕宅基地整合了经济资源、生态资源和人力资源等多维度要素,成为盘活利用的基础条件;产业子系统则给出了以产业带动宅基地盘活利用的三条路径,即发展特色产业、搭建产业平台、对接产业园区.研究结论:城市周边乡村宅基地盘活利用在治理上强调乡村人才的统筹作用,使乡村振兴的多维度因素形成"合力",实现发展要素的优化配置,为乡村振兴提供动力.

大城市存量规划的现实需求结合后疫情时代新产业、新业态的转型趋势,亟需加强产业空间规划与治理政策的精准性和灵活性.针对产业发展规划、产业(园区)规划和产业用地政策三者之间脱节,以及国土空间规划体系下产业空间规划理论与方法系统研究较为滞后等问题,研究建立国土空间规划体系下产业空间规划的内涵重构与技术框架,并以上海市产业空间规划为例进行实证,进一步提出适应性治理对策.结果 表明:①国土空间规划体系下产业空间规划重新定义为系统解决各类产业用地目标、空间与治理措施的系统政策,可按照"分类—统筹—协作"的技术框架开展.②上海市产业空间规划按照总体规划、单元规划和详细规划的不同层级,在划定"三区三线"的同时,构建了"产业基地—产业社区—零星工业地块"三级分类的空间体系,从空间划定到规则管控验证了技术框架的可行性.③工业用地全生命周期管理、规划留白与弹性激活利用等适应性治理对策可提高产业空间规划的弹性以对应不确定性,未来应进一步加强大数据支持的产业空间动态监测、留白空间激活利用等政策,以期为同类型大城市产业空间规划与治理提供有益借鉴.

客观评价城市周边乡村多功能特征,是分类制定精细化转型策略的关键之一.依据乡村振兴目标构建乡村多功能评价指标体系,选择山东省聊城市茌平区和浙江省宁波市鄞州区为案例,分别计算镇域尺度的生态保障(E)、农业生产(A)、经济发展(D)、休闲文化(C)、生活保障(L)5项乡村功能值,分析两个案例区不同乡村功能发展特征及其原因.从乡村功能优化的角度,结合乡村发展权保障、生态资源激活、城乡融合发展等政策与实践讨论乡村振兴的新路径,为城市周边乡村制定差异化和精细化发展政策、推动乡村振兴提供科学建议.

研究目的:以上海市青浦区、浦东新区和金山区为例,剖析减量化对乡村转型发展的影响效果及机理,探索减量化实施对乡村转型发展的推动作用.研究方法:采用扎根理论的质性研究方法,通过深度访谈收集原始资料,经过三级编码过程,提炼总结减量化对乡村转型发展的影响.研究结果:资源配置是减量化对乡村转型发展的核心影响,产业发展和生态保护是减量化对乡村转型发展的直接影响,社会治理、民生保障和文化传承是减量化对乡村转型发展的间接影响.研究结论:注重减量化的规划引导,依托减量化政策大力推动产业升级、转移和生态文明战略的实施,完善落实减量化配套政策,构建合理的减量化指标使用方和供给方之间的增值收益补偿机制,以及合理保障村民和村集体的基本权益是实现减量化推进乡村转型发展目标的有效路径.

研究目的:剖析大都市全域土地综合整治如何影响耕地多功能的价值显化和优化配置,以期为实现耕地多功能供需平衡和推动耕地保护转型提供理论依据.研究方法:探索性案例研究法、"情境—结构—行为—结果"政策过程分析法.研究结果:(1)情境层面.地方性、价值观和制度环境是探讨全域土地综合整治和耕地多功能两者影响关系的基础.(2)结构层面.全域土地综合整治参与主体具有多元性和嵌入性,耕地多功能的价值显化是多元主体共建共享的结果,因此,全域土地综合整治和耕地多功能的互动过程本质上是多元主体的集体行动.(3)行为层面.借助低效建设用地减量化、城乡建设用地增减挂钩、宅基地三权分置等政策工具,联动培育"全域土地综合整治+"模式,推动耕地多功能价值发现和优化配置.(4)结果层面.耕地多功能与乡村土地利用多功能性之间存在"部分与整体"和"中心与外围"的逻辑关系,因此,全域土地综合整治首先是通过促进乡村土地利用多功能性,增强耕地外援系统的多功能性,进而促进和稳固耕地系统的多功能性.研究结论:通过在大都市郊野空间内部开展全域土地综合整治,不断优化耕地本体环境及其外围环境,强化耕地与其外援系统之间的要素互动与交换,重构耕地多功能利用的外部环境,最终推动耕地多功能供给与外部多元需求的高效互动与匹配.