OBJECTIVES:To estimate the impact of China's volume-based procurement (VBP) policy on the expenditure of both policy-covered and uncovered drugs, and to identify the elements that contribute to drug expenditure changes under VBP policy. METHODS:Using national drug procurement data of public medical institutions, this study included 25 policy-covered VBP drugs and 99 policy-uncovered alternative drugs as samples, seven "4+7" pilot cities and eight "4+7" expansion provinces as observation regions. Time-varying difference-in-difference (DID) model was applied to quantify policy impact on drug expenditures. The drug expenditure index decomposition method was employed to analyze the determinants of drug expenditure changes following VBP policy. RESULTS:The expenditure of VBP drugs significantly decreased by 42.19% after VBP policy (β = -0.55, p < 0.001), while alternative drugs increased by 11.52% (β = -0.11, p < 0.001), with a significant reduction in the overall expenditure of observed drugs (β = -0.05, p < 0.001). The decrease of VBP drug expenditures showed a trend of tertiary hospital (β = -0.64, p < 0.001) > secondary hospital (β = -0.57, p < 0.001) > primary healthcare centers (β = -0.39, p < 0.001). The index decomposition showed that manufacturer structure index (IM) decline was the primary driver for expenditure reduction of policy-covered drugs, with the IM decrease of 54.17% in pilot cities and 40.86% in expansion regions. The secondary driver was the price index (IP), with a decline of 31.68% in pilot cities and 36.08% in expansion regions. The restraining factor was the quantity index (IQ), increasing by 92.54% in pilot cities and 52.04% in expansion regions. IQ also drove the increase in alternative drug expenditures, increasing by 95.56% in pilot cities and 32.76% in expansion regions. CONCLUSION:VBP policy effectively promoted the decline of total drug expenditures, primarily through manufacturer-level market displacement and the absolute price reduction. However, the "spillover effect" of alternative drugs weakened the overall effect on cost control. Strengthening holistic governance and improving the quality and intensiveness of drug use are important directions for future policy perfection.

Entering the age of 80 or 100, individuals’ functional decline and the need for assistance in daily activities increase dramatically, resulting in an inevitable increase in unmet long-term care (LTC) needs. Understanding unmet LTC needs in late life and their association with quality of life is essential for effective health planning and resource allocation. We aim to estimate the prevalence of unmet needs for LTC and the association of unmet needs for LTC and Health-related Quality of life (HRQOL), among the Chinese oldest-old population. Data were drawn from the 2017 China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study. All centenarians and a representative sample of individuals aged between 80 and 99 years old in Hainan province, China were included. Self-perceived unmet LTC needs were reported by the respondents. EQ-5D score was calculated from EQ-5D-3L questionnaire to measure HRQOL in this study. We conducted Tobit regression and the Ordered Probit Model to examine the cross-sectional associations between unmet needs for LTC and HRQOL. 1,444 respondents (mean age 95.75 years [SD 9.13]) were included. The prevalence of unmet LTC needs was 32.69

ObjectivesOptimizing the pharmaceutical industrial structure is the key mission of China’s healthcare reform. From the industrial structure perspective, this study empirically evaluated the impact of China’s national volume-based procurement (NVBP) policy on market concentration in the hospital-end drug market.MethodsThis study used drug procurement data of China’s public medical institutions which obtained from the national database. A quasi-natural experiment was designed involving eleven pairs of matched treatment-control region combinations, with NVBP policy as the intervention measure. The market was defined by drug name (molecular boundary) and city/province (geographical boundary). Market changes were measured from three dimensions: the number of enterprises and products, market share, and Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). Dual comparison approach and difference-in-difference (DID) method with fixed effect model were applied to quantify policy impacts.ResultsThe number of enterprises and products decreased by 18 and 83 in pilot regions after NVBP policy, far more than the decreases in control regions (6 and 21). The accumulative market share of 15 bid-winning enterprises increased by 53.67% in volume and 18.79% in value, among which the increment of enterprises with low baseline market share was more prominent (66.64% and 36.40%). Among three enterprise types, the market share of generic consistency evaluation (GCE) certificated generics significantly increased, GCE uncertificated generics significantly decreased, and originators slightly decreased. DID models indicated significantly positive impact of NVBP policy on market concentration, with HHI-volume and HHI-value increasing by 49.33% (β = 0.401, p < 0.01) and 21.05% (β = 0.191, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe implementation of NVBP promoted the intensive drug circulation and supply of Chinese public hospitals, intensifying the exit of GCE uncertificated generics from the hospital-end market. NVBP combined with GCE standards significantly improved market concentration, which brought a positive signal of pharmaceutical industrial structure optimization in China. In the future context of normalized and institutionalized NVBP, the balance should be further sought between low drug prices and reliable hospital drug supply, sustainable industry development.

The phenomenon of growth in drug consumption within the framework of national volume-based procurement (VBP) policy raises speculations about demand release and policy inducing. This study aims to explore the reasons and mechanisms of drug consumption increases following VBP policy from two perspectives. We collected data from the China Drug Supply Information Platform, National Bureau of Statistics and the Joint Procurement Office. Twenty cardiovascular international non-proprietary names (INNs) in the first three VBP batches and 28 observation regions were included, constructing 418 valid INN-region combinations as the unit for analysis. The average monthly consumption volume of VBP cardiovascular drug was assigned as the explained variable. The generalized difference-in-difference method was conducted using the price reduction level and the size of policy assessment task as the policy intensity indicator. Moderating effect model was employed to examine the role of resident’s income level. Increased cardiovascular drug consumption was observed in 285 (68.18

Background Evidence remains limited and inconsistent for assessing cognitive function in Chinese older adults (CFCOA) and inequalities in cognitive function in Chinese older adults (ICFCOA) and exploring their influencing factors and gender differences. This study aimed to identify influencing factors and inequality in CFCOA to empirically explore the existence and sources of gender differences in such inequality and analyse their heterogeneous effects.Methods Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for three periods from 2011 to 2015, recentered influence function unconditional quantile regression (RIF-UQR) and recentered influence function ordinary least squares (RIF-OLS) regression were applied to assess influencing factors of CFCOA, while grouped treatment effect estimation, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, and propensity score matching (PSM) methods were conducted to identify gender differences in ICFCOA and influencing factors, respectively.Results The results showed heterogeneous effects of gender, age, low BMI, subjective health, smoking, education, social interactions, physical activity, and household registration on CFCOA. Additionally, on average, ICFCOA was about 19.2-36.0% higher among elderly females than among elderly males, mainly due to differences in characteristic effects and coefficient effects of factors such as marital status and education.Conclusions Different factors have heterogeneous and gender-differenced effects on CFCOA and ICFCOA, while the formation and exacerbation of ICFCOA were allied to marital status and education. Considering the severe ageing and the increasing incidence of cognitive decline, there is an urgent need for the government and society to adopt a comprehensive approach to practically work for promoting CFCOA and reducing ICFCOA.

Objective: To understand parents' propensity to migrate and willingness to pay with respect to outdoor air pollution, and to explore related affecting factors.Methods: This study used a convenience sample and subjects were collected from a community in Wuchang District and Children's Hospital of Wuhan, respectively. A designed questionnaire was used for this study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to analyze the relationship between parents' individual and familial characteristics and related behavioral intensions to air quality improvement. Statistical analysis was done with SAS 9.1.Results: The questionnaire was completed by 865 subjects (response rate = 86.5%). The number of people with migrant intent was 150(36.4%) from hospital group, and 139(30.7%) from community group. In the hospital group, subjects with higher knowledge of air quality (OR = 6.268, p < 0.05) and higher average annual household income (AAHI), which was equal or more than 50,000 Yuan (OR = 2.045, p < 0.01), were found to be more intent to migrate. AAHI (OR = 1.939, p < 0.05) was also the affecting factor in the community group correspondingly. Those willing to pay for air quality improvement included 297 people (72.1%) from the hospital group and 333 people (73.5%) from the community group, and affecting factors was the public responsibility for air quality improvement (hospital group: OR = 3.380, p < 0.01; community group: OR = 4.436, p < 0.01).Conclusions: This study indicated high tendency of propensity to migrate for avoiding poor air condition and willingness to pay to improve air quality in Wuhan. Local governments should pay more attention to parents' knowledge of air pollution and attitudes towards government management of air quality, especially those willing to migrate.

Objective: To assess the clinical value of bedaquiline in five dimensions: effectiveness, safety, economics, appropriateness, and social benefits, to provide a reference for medical and health insurance-related decisions. Methods: A total of 792 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis who were hospitalized at Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Ganzhou Fifth People's Hospital and Jiangxi Chest Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020 were included in the study. Based on a retrospective survey of case data, and each evaluation dimension of bedaquiline was statistically analyzed by causal analysis or chi-square test, using linezolid as the reference drug. Results: In terms of effectiveness, bedaquiline significantly increased treatment success by 23.9% (95%CI:4.8%-43.0%) and shortened treatment duration by 64 days(95%CI:18-109 days). In terms of safety, the incidence of adverse reactions to bedaquiline and the discontinuation rate of adverse reactions (5.11%,4.55%) were significantly lower than those for linezolid (22.49%,15.24%), with statistically significant differences (χ2=27.50,P<0.001;χ2=14.09,P<0.001). In terms of economics, patients treated with bedaquiline had a significantly higher anti-TB drug course cost of RMB 48 209.4 Yuan(95%CI: 28 336.0-68 082.8 Yuan). In terms of appropriateness, the proportion of bedaquiline in patients' initial treatment regimens was lower than that of linezolid (16.7% vs. 86.5%) in the 2020 observation sample, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=238.96,P<0.001). In terms of social benefits, the infection control rate was significantly increased by 27.8% (95%CI:8.2%-47.5%) in patients using bedaquiline. Conclusions: Bedaquiline performed well in terms of efficacy, safety, and social benefits. However, it was less economical and the actual use rate of bedaquiline in clinical practice was lower than that of its counterpart drug, linezolid. Price reductions might be needed to increase the clinical use and performance of bedaquiline in the future.

目的:分析国家药品集中带量采购政策对公立医疗机构药品采购接续期政策效应的持续性.方法:基于国家药品供应保障综合管理信息平台2018年1月至2020年12月的药品采购数据和两干预点的中断时间序列分析模型,分析7个试点城市公立医疗机构不同中标情况下药品采购量、采购金额、日均费用变化.结果:试点期中标但接续期未中标的过评仿制药,在试点期政策干预后DDDs水平变化显著(β2=18713.23,p＜0.001);接续期DDDs水平变化显著(β4=-22287.48,p=0.002),趋势变化显著(β5=-1943.60,p=0.022),采购金额水平变化显著(β2=-21869.97,p=0.002).试点期未中标但接续期中标的药品,在接续期政策干预后DDDs水平变化显著(β4=19442.77,p＜0.001),采购金额水平变化显著(β4=8840.89,p＜0.001).集采品种未过评仿制药品在试点期采购金额水平下降(β2=-89005.99,p＜0.001),在接续期采购金额呈长期上升趋势(β4=2538.91,p=0.046),且采购金额占比在接续期也呈长期上升趋势(β4=0.52,p=0.011).结论:应监测未过评仿制药品日均费用,完善未过评仿制药品挂网退出机制;监测试点期、接续期均未中标药品日均费用,研判其是否存在不合理增长;坚持推进集中带量采购政策,完善配套措施.

目的:本研究旨在评估武汉市中心城区国谈抗肿瘤药配备机构的空间可达性水平,为优化药物供应与配置提供经验证据.方法:以武汉市为例,采用基于高斯衰减函数的两步移动搜索法(2-Step Floating Catchment Area,2 SFCA)评估研究区域内各个需求单元在不同交通出行方式下的国谈抗肿瘤药配备机构的可达性,同时运用空间自相关分析和K-means聚类分析识别需求单元可达性的分布态势和分类模式.结果:在驾车或公交出行的情况下,武汉市中心城区各需求单元的配药定点机构的可达性呈现出明显的空间分异特征.江汉区、汉阳区等可达性水平较高且均衡,而青山区和洪山区可达性水平较低且内部存在明显分层.此外,各需求单元呈现显著正相关空间分布,区域内高值集聚与分区内部分化现象并存.结论:武汉市中心城区配药机构可达性整体较高,但存在从核心城区向边缘城区递减的趋势;多数辖区的可达性良好且较为均衡,但少数辖区的可达性较差且存在明显的内部等级分层.

目的:本研究旨在对比分析各省份"双通道"管理政策在响应时间、与原有保障政策的衔接模式和具体多维政策内容等方面的异同,以期发现不足,提炼经验,为优化"双通道"管理政策提供参考.方法:利用时间趋势分析,对各省份响应28号文的时间进行了刻画和描述,同时基于内容分析法提炼文本信息,以此对各省份"双通道"管理政策展开多尺度比较.结果:各省份的"双通道"管理政策在萌发和响应时间、与原有保障政策的衔接模式、医药机构遴选要求、限制性因素削弱和国谈药待遇保障水平等方面存在明显差距.结论:未来应从优化政策衔接、明确遴选条件、削弱不利因素和缩小待遇差距等方面进一步完善"双通道"管理政策的设计,促进国谈药落地,提升保障水平.

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the effect of informal social support (ISS) on the health of Chinese older adults, identify channels of the association between the two, and assess the magnitude of this effect in different groups of older adults.MethodsBased on the data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), we first used both the Quality of Well-Being (QWB) scale and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to construct the QWB score that can objectively measure the health status of Chinese older adults. Next, we conducted an econometric equation controlling for various high-dimensional fixed effects, estimated the effects using the Tobit model, and used various robustness check strategies and the propensity score matching (PSM) method to ensure reliability and deal with the potential endogeneity, respectively. Finally, we performed staging and grouping regression for mechanism and heterogeneity analysis.ResultsThe mean QWB score of Chinese older adults was 0.778. ISS has a significant positive effect on the health of older adults (P < 0.001), and there were similar patterns of findings for the effects of SE (P < 0.001), PSS (P < 0.001), and ES (P < 0.001). Additionally, the health promotion effect is higher in older adults who are male (P < 0.001), under the age of 80 (P < 0.001), with agricultural household registration (P < 0.001), or with high income (P < 0.001) than in the control group.ConclusionISS, including SE, PSS, and ES, had significant promotion effects on the health of older adults, especially on those who are male, under the age of 80, with agricultural household registration, or with high income. Meanwhile, these effects could be reflected through two channels: alleviating loneliness and improving the positive emotional status of older adults.

目的:探究国家药品集中带量采购政策下抗肿瘤药品的使用特征,为进一步规范可替代品种使用监测、优化药品集采政策提供建议.方法:利用2019年-2020年国家药品供应保障综合管理信息平台的药品采购数据,采用描述性统计方法分析政策实施前后抗肿瘤药品采购金额、用药频度(DDDs)与日均费用(DDDc)的变化情况.结果:政策实施后抗肿瘤集采品种的采购金额与DDDc分别下降了 31.87％和51.55％,DDDs上升了 40.61％;可替代品种的采购金额与DDDs分别上升了 49.20％与41.62％,DDDc变化不明显.从注册评价类型来看,政策实施后集采品种中的仿制药DDDs增幅高于原研药,药品费用下降明显;可替代品种中原研药的采购金额与DDDs的增长率高于仿制药.从可替代程度来看,可替代品种的采购金额、DDDs与DDDc增幅在政策实施后均高于基本可替代品种.结论:国家药品集采政策对抗肿瘤集采品种的降价省费效应显著,使用中选产品逐渐成为患者的一致选择;集采品种对可替代品种的替代效应并不明显,应采用信息化手段开展高替代程度品种的使用限额与用量监测,加快过评仿制药对高价原研药的替代使用.

Objective: From the 2 dimensions of scientific rationality and price reduction, the volume-based procurement of insulin in Wuhan was evaluated to provide a scientific reference for monitoring and analyzing the national insulin procurement winning results.Methods: Based on the online drug procurement data of the Hubei provincial public resources transaction center from January 1, 2018 to April 30, 2021, the purchasing quantity, purchasing expenditure and daily dose cost before and after the policy was counted using January to December 2018 as the pre-policy intervention and May 2020 to April 2021 as the post-policy intervention, and descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the formulation of proposed contract purchase quantity and the changes of clinical use characteristics of insulin. Results: After the implementation of the policy, the average daily cost of insulin products decreased by 0.06 yuan to 1.12 yuan, with a change rate ranging from-0.64% to-10.97%, except for enterprises G in group two and enterprises A in group five,where the average daily cost of insulin products increased by 0.01 yuan. The actual purchased quantity during the agreed purchased period was 1523692 pieces. The completion percentage of the purchase quantity agreed in the proposed contract was 89.43%. The completion percentage of enterprise B in group one was only 13.81%. The completion percentage of enterprise B in group two was only 31.82%. Conclusions: Volume-based procurement of insulin in Wuhan failed to realize the volume price linked fully, and the effect of price reduction was mild. However, volume-based procurement of insulin in Wuhan has made a beneficial exploration for the smooth and safe realization of clinical conversion and substitution of insulin.

建立健全职工医保门诊共济保障机制是党中央、国务院深化医疗保障制度改革的重要任务,也是惠及3.6 亿参保职工的重要民生福祉.我国于 2021 年全面启动职工医保门诊共济保障改革,为探究各地改革前后门诊共济保障政策在具体补偿模式、标准上的共性与差异,特以全国 31 个省级行政区和改革前已探索实施职工门诊统筹的 33 个市级行政区为研究对象,横向、纵向比较职工医保普通门诊统筹和门诊慢特病保障政策.分析发现为进一步推动职工医保门诊共济保障改革,可以从强化费用保障、实现健康保障、促进协同保障三方面着手优化和推动改革政策落地.

目的:探究商业健康保险对基本医疗保险(以下简称医保)基金支出的影响.方法:基于我国31 个省份2012-2019年的面板数据,采用系统GMM模型与工具变量法进行检验.结果:商业健康保险在10％的水平上显著减少基本医保基金的支出,且影响效应呈现出东部地区＞中部地区＞西部地区的地区差异性.结论:商业健康保险有利于分担基本医保基金的支出压力;影响机制可能与商业健康保险的产品设计,以及患者的消费倾向性有关.

目的:分析集中带量采购政策对不同等级公立医疗机构约定采购周期、续约期药品采购的影响.方法:运用间断时间序列法分析7个试点城市不同等级公立医疗机构药品采购量、采购金额、日均费用的变化情况.结果:集采品种在试点期、续约期采购量分别增加15.36％和4.61％,可替代品种试点期、续约期采购量增长率均高于集采品种增长率,分别为17.30％和5.60％.集采品种中原研药、过评仿制药和未过评仿制药基期采购量占比分别为27.07％、53.00％和19.93％,过评仿制药试点期、续约期占比分别增加了34.71个和0.92个百分点.集采品种原研药、过评仿制药和未过评仿制药基期采购金额占比分别为40.46％、42.87％和16.68％,过评仿制药试点期、续约期采购金额占比分别增加了20.07个和0.07个百分点.结论:基层医疗机构政策效应具有滞后性.集采品种过评仿制药替代效应明显,基层医疗机构用药质量提升.三级医疗机构、二级医疗机构未过评仿制药续约期日均费用存在异常增长.

目的:分析集中带量采购对公立医疗机构约定采购周期及续约期药品采购的影响,以期为政策协同提供科学依据.方法:基于两干预点间断时间序列模型,分析2018年1 月—2020年12月7个试点城市公立医疗机构药品采购量、采购金额及日均费用的变化特征.结果:集中带量采购品种中原研药、未过评仿制药试点期采购量及其占比水平变化均为下降(P＜0.05).集中带量采购品种中原研药(β2=-0.58,P= 0.043)、过评仿制药(β2=-3.18,P＜0.001)、未过评仿制药(β2= 5.83,P＜0.001)试点期日均费用水平变化均具有统计学意义.可替代品种中过评仿制药在试点期政策干预后采购量(β3= 19.69,P= 0.025)及采购量占比均呈上升趋势,但在续约期政策干预后采购量及采购量占比均呈下降趋势.抗感染药、抗肿瘤药及免疫用药试点期采购量水平变化均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:加强药品使用监测和合理用药管理,制定并完善挂网采购审核、价格监测、医保支付标准调整等相关配套措施.

目的:以首批国家集采药品为例,分析集采政策对制药企业在公立医疗机构药品销售的影响,以期为集采政策的完善提供理论依据.方法:运用中断时间序列分析集采政策实施前后集采品种和可替代品种药品在公立医疗机构的销售情况.结果:集采政策实施后,中选企业的集采品种药品采购量增长163.28％,占所有企业采购量的比重从37.45％上升至86.45％;未中选企业的采购量降低75.30％,占所有企业采购量的比重从62.55％下降至13.55％.中选企业中非百强企业的集采品种药品采购量增长313.27％,而百强企业药品采购量仅增长5.76％.通过中断时间序列分析发现,在集采政策干预后,中选企业在中选产品非供应地区的药品采购量瞬时效应显著下降(β2=-58.727,P＜0.001),长期趋势呈显著下降状态(β3=-4.550,P=0.010).结论:集采品种中选与未中选企业市场份额变化较大,可替代品种采购量变化有限;中选百强企业采购量增长幅度较小;未中选企业采购量呈长期下降趋势;中选企业在中选产品非供应地区药品销售量显著下降.政府部门应持续关注中选企业合理的利润诉求,引导企业转变营销策略,保障中选产品稳定供应.

Introduction: This study evaluated quantitatively the impact of the first batch of the catalog of Key Monitoring and Rational Use Drugs (KMRUD) in Hubei Province on policy-related drug use and expenditures. Methods: This study is aimed to provide a basis for the successful implementation of subsequent catalogs of KMRUD, which may promote the standardization of clinical application of related drugs and effectively reduce drug expenses of the patients. Data on the procurement records of policy-related drugs from January 2018 to June 2021 were obtained from the Drug Centralized Procurement Platform of the Public Resources Trading Center in Hubei Province. Interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis was used in this study. Results: After the implementation of the first batch of the catalog of KMRUD, the consumption of policy-related drugs decreased by 83.29% in 2020. The spending on policy-related drugs decreased by 83.93% in 2020. The introduction of the first batch of the catalog of KMRUD was associated with a significant decrease in the spending on policy-related drugs in the level (p = 0.001). Before the implementation of the KMRUD catalog policy, the Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) (β1 = -32.26 p < 0.001) and spending (β1 = -3662.19 p < 0.001) on policy-related drugs showed a downward trend. In the aggregated ITS analysis, the Defined Daily Dose cost (DDDc) of policy-related drugs decreased significantly in the trend (p < 0.001). After the implementation of the KMRUD catalog policy, the monthly procurement volume of 10 policy-related drugs have a significant downward trend (p < 0.05), and 4 policy-related drugs have a significant upward trend (p < 0.05). Conclusion: After the policy intervention, the total DDDc on policy-related drugs indicated sustained reductions. The KMRUD policy overall achieved the goal of limiting policy-related drug use and controlling cost increases. And it is recommended that the health department quantify the usage indicator of adjuvant drugs, uniform standards, and apply prescription reviews and dynamic supervision, and other measures to strengthen supervision.

Background: The Pilot Plan of National Centralized Volume-Based Procurement (NCVBP) was adopted to cope with the rapid increase in drug expenditures. This research aimed to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the NCVBP on antiviral medications for the hepatitis B virus.Methods: Data on nucleoside analogs (NAs) medications of hepatitis B virus monthly procurement records in the pilot cities from January 2018 to December 2019 were extracted from the China Drug Supply Information Platform (CDSIP). The impacts of the NCVBP on purchased volumes, expenditures, and pre-defined daily dose costs were evaluated by interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis using Stata 16.0. We constructed two segments with one interruptive point (March 2019).Results: Compared to the same period between pre-and post-intervention, the purchased volume of NAs medications were increased by 92.85%, and selected medications were increased by 119.09%. Analysis of changes in the level of NAs medication followed a decrease in purchased expenditure (coefficient: 5364.88, p < 0.001), meanwhile, the purchased volume was increased with statistical significance (coefficient:605.49, p < 0.001). The Defined Daily Dose cost (DDDc) of NAs medication followed a decrease (coefficient: 8.90, p < 0.001). The NCVBP reform was followed by an increase of 618.41 ten thousand Defined Daily Dose (DDD) (p < 0.001) in purchased volume and a reduction of 5273.84 ten thousand Chinese Yuan (CNY) (p < 0.001) in the purchased expenditure of selected medications in the level. The DDDc of selected medications decreased in the level (coefficient: 9.87, p < 0.001), while the DDDc of alternative medications increased in the slope (coefficient:0.07, p = 0.030). The purchased volume and expenditure of bid-winning products increased by 964.08 ten thousand DDD and 637.36 ten thousand CNY in the level (p < 0.001). An increase of 633.46 ten thousand DDD (p < 0.001) in purchased volume and a reduction of 4285.32 ten thousand CNY (p < 0.001) in the purchased expenditure of generic drugs in the level was observed.Conclusion: The NCVBP reduced the DDDc of NAs medication, improved the utilization of the selected medications, and promoted the usage of generic products.