为研究酵母水解物(AY)对母猪泌乳性能及仔猪生长发育的影响,本试验选取膘情、体重、胎次相近,妊娠108 d左右的健康PIC经产母猪20头,随机分成2组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.3％的酵母水解物,试验至仔猪21日龄断奶结束.结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组仔猪断奶时存活率、母猪日采食量和泌乳量分别提高7.49％(P＜0.05)、3.8％(P＜0.05)和14.9％(P＜0.01);试验组母猪血清中尿氮含量增加61.6％(P＜ 0.05),总蛋白、白蛋白的含量变化不显著(P＞0.05);必需氨基酸中,蛋氨酸水平有增加的趋势(0.05＜P＜0.1),其他必需氨基酸水平变化不显著(P＞0.05);非必需氨基酸中,试验组母猪血浆中谷氨酰胺比对照组显著提高50.75％(P＜ 0.05),此外,血浆中脯氨酸、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、羟脯氨酸、组氨酸和丙氨酸含量均有上升趋势(0.05＜P＜0.1).由此可见,酵母水解物能够提高哺乳母猪泌乳性能,并能改善仔猪的生长状况.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplement with xylo-oligosaccharide ( XOS) and active yeast ( AY) during lactation of sows on reproduction performance and serum biochemical indices of suckling piglets. All 27 healthy sows with similar parity and the expected date of confinement were chose, and randomly divided into 3 groups: control ( basal diet) , XOS ( basal diet+0.03%XOS) and XOS +AY (basal diet+0.03%XOS+0.05%AY) groups, with 9 replicates per group and 1 sow per replicate. The sows were fed diets starting on day 100 of gestation and throughout the 14 days of lactation experiment. The re-sults showed as follow:1) dietary supplement with XOS or AY improved weight gain of piglets and milk pro-duction of sows. And lactation milk production of the sows from the XOS+AY group was increased by 29.58%( P<0.05) . 2) At 7 days of age, dietary supplement with XOS significantly increased calcium ( Ca) content ( P<0.01) and significantly decreased aspartate transaminase ( AST) activity ( P<0.05) in serum of piglets. At 7 days and 14 days of age, supplementation with XOS and AY significantly increased the contents of glucose ( GLU) , albumin ( ALB) , total protein ( TP) , and total iron binding capacity ( TIBC) ( P<0.05) and signif-icantly decreased ammonia ( AMM) content ( P<0.05) in serum of piglets. 3) At 7 and 14 days of age, serum IgG content were significantly increased by 19.42% and 13.57% ( P<0.05) of piglets in the XOS+AY group. In conclusion, these results suggest that the dietary supplement with XOS and AY can improve reproduction performance of sows, alleviate stress reaction, and improve immunity of piglets.

【Objective】 The study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus extracts (ASE) inhibits weanling stress in piglets. 【Method】 Ninety-six piglets weaned at 21 day of age were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups with 4 replicates for each by weight and sex to investigate the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and hormone levels correlated to growth. Another 6 male piglets were selected to investigate the apparent digestibility of nutrients with 2× 3× 3 Latin square design. The piglets were fed basal diet suplemented with 0, ASE or antibiotics, respectively. 【Result】 ASE significantly increased the ADG, improved the gain-feed ratio in comparison with the basal diet group. Apparent digestibility of Ca, TE and P in the ASE group was higher than that of basal diet group. ASE increased the serum contents of LDL, CHO, GLU and the activity of ALP, decreased the content of SUN, and significantly increased the serum contents of FT3, FT4, GH, IGF-1 and FT3/FT4 in comparison with the basal group. 【Conclusion】 The findings showed that ASE as a dietary additive can modulate hormone levels, elevate the digestion and metabolism, thereby inhibit weanling stress and improve growth performance.

One hundred and twenty three-way cross piglets weaned at 21 d with initial average weight 5.64±0.46 kg were selected in the experiment.The piglets were fed with the following diets for 14 days:1)NC(Control diet without antibiotics),2)PC(Control diet+Antibiotics),and 3)E group(Control diet+5% Inulin+0.1% Acanthopanax senticosus(AS)extract).Effects of diets supplement with Inulin and AS extract on growth performance,serum biochemical parameters,antioxidant function,and intestinal morphology were observed.The results showed that,ADG of E group were significantly improved(P0.05)and ratio of feed and growth(F/G)were significantly decreased(P0.05)compared to the NC,while no significant difference were observed in ADFI(P0.05).There were no significant differences in serum GLU,LDL,LDH and BUN between NC and E group(P0.05),while on 14 d,ALP,SOD and GSH were significantly improved(P0.05).Compared to the NC,Crypt depth of duodenum and ileum and villus height of jejunum and ileum of E group were significantly improved(P0.05).This study demonstrated that supplement with compound of Inulin and AS extract had important functions on growth performance and digestion of small intestine of early-weaned piglets.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets.Dried AS herb was decocted in boiling distilled water (200 g/L) for 2 h.The decoction products were filtered and lypholized.The yield of extract was about 25% (w/w),with total polysaccharides,flavone and organic acids 2.94,0.19 and 1.04%,respectively.Ninety-six Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire piglets weaned at 21 days of age (BW=5.64±0.48 kg) were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments with 4 replicates each and fed a basal diet (BD),BD+ASE (1 g/kg),and BD+antibiotics (10% bacitracin zinc 400 mg+15% carbadox 300 mg) for 14 days.Blood samples were collected on d 7 and 14.ADG in the ASE group (216.80 g/d) and antibiotics group (231.38 g/d) were 16.81 (P0.05) and 24.66% (P0.05) higher than the control group,and gain-feed ratio was improved by 18.18 and 21.39% (P0.05),respectively.However,there was no difference in growth performance between the ASE and antibiotic group (P0.05).Compared to the control group,both ASE and antibiotics increased Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on d 7 and 14 (P0.05).SOD activity decreased from 147.96±15.88 to 125.68±14.26 in the antibiotics group (P0.05),while increased in the ASE group (from 132.37±7.64 to 135.44±12.68).Malondialdehyde in the ASE group significantly decreased by 20.00 and 30.46% (P0.05) on d 7 and 14,respectively.Glutathione also had an increasing trend in the ASE group on d 7 and 14 (P=0.235 and 0.211,respectively).In addition,ASE influenced serum IgG on d 14 (P0.05).These findings indicated that ASE could alleviate weaning stress by improving antioxidant enzymatic system effectively in piglets.

The present study was conducted to determine the fermentation characteristics of four fractions of Chinese yam polysaccharides (CYPF) in vitro by evaluating the difference of fermentation kinetic parameters and fermentation productions among different CYPFs in order to investigate the possibility of CYPFs as functional dietary additives used in domestic animals and poultry.CYPF1,CYPF2,CYPF3 and CYPF4 were extracted from the Chinese yam with water-extracting-ethanol-precipitation method,when the end concentrations of the ethanol were 30%,45%,60% and 75%,respectively.Their contents (%) assayed by vitriol-anthracene ketone were 45.85,56.24,90.91 and 13.87,respectively.Cecal digesta collected from Ningxiang pig fed on normal diet was used as the inoculums and the four polysaccharides were used as the substrates during the in vitro fermentation.The slurry was fermented for 48 h in an anaerobic in vitro system,and then the fermentation kinetic parameters,pH value,NH3 content,production and composition of short-chain fatty acids in the fermentation broth were determined.Our data showed that the maximum volume and rate of gas production in CYPF2-,CYPF3-and CYPF4-supplemented groups were higher (P0.05) than the CYPF2-or glucose-supplemented groups and free-supplemented group,while the lag time of gas production,pH value and NH3 content were lower than the CYPF2-or free-supplemented group.Contents of acetic acid,isobutyric acid and butanoic acid in the four polysaccharides-supplemented groups were lower (P0.05) than the glucose-supplemented group,while of acetic acid and butanoic acid were higher (P0.05) than the free-supplemented group.Contents of propionic acid in the CYPF1-,CYPF2-and CYPF3-supplemented groups were higher (P0.05) than the free-supplemented group.In addition,the contents of butyric acid and isobutyric acid had correlation (P0.05) with pH value and NH3 content.Collectively,CYPF3 and CYPF4 may be good sources of carbon and energy,and therefore modulate SCFA production patterns in hindgut of the Ningxiang pigs.

试验选用80头体重为40 kg左右的杜×(长×大)三元杂交猪,随机分为5个处理,每处理公、母各半,分别饲喂可消化赖氨酸水平为0.59%、0.67%、0.75%、0.83%、0.91%的等能(14.21 MJ/kg)、等氨基酸模式的玉米-豆粕型日粮.通过对生产性能和血液生化指标的研究,来确定生长肥育猪可消化赖氨酸需要量.结果表明,当可消化赖氨酸水平为0.75%时,平均日增重、谷草转氨酶活性最高,差异显著(P<0.05);料重比最低,差异显著(P<0.05);血清尿素氮浓度最低,差异极显著(P<0.01).可消化赖氨酸的不同水平对血清中甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白浓度以及谷丙转氨酶活性没有影响,差异均不显著(P>0.05).上述结果提示,40～70 kg生长猪的可消化赖氨酸和总赖氨酸需求参数分别为0.75%、0.84%.

A single factorial trial was conducted to investigate the effects of inulins on serum biochemical parameters of weaning piglets.72 three-line crossbred(Duroc× Landrace×Yorkshire) weaning piglets(21 d,the same average weight)were randomly assigned to 3 treatments and each treatment had 3 replicates with 8 piglets per replicate.GroupⅠ fed with basal diet(corn grain-soybean meal),groupⅡ fed with basal diet+2 % inulins,group Ⅲ fed with basal diet+0.07 % antibiotic.The experiment was conducted for 21 days.The results showed as follows:Adding 2 % inulin improved serum biochemical parameters of weaning piglets effectively.(1)The urea nitrogen contents of antibiotic group and inulin group were lower than that of the control group(P > 0.05), the antibiotic group and inulin group had an augmentation in blood glucose concentration(P > 0.05).(2)Adding inulin improved serum alkaline phosphates activity(P > 0.05) and increased IL-2 and IGF-1 concentrations(P < 0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,the antibiotic group and inulin group can significantly increased serum GH,FT3,FT4 concentrations(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).(4)Compared with control group,the SOD,CAT and NO activity of inulin group had trended to increase(P > 0.05),only the CAT activity of antibiotic group were significant higher than the control group(P < 0.01).But the MDA activity of antibiotic group and inulin group were significant lower than the control group(P < 0.05).In summary,addition of inulin in diet improved the serum biochemical parameters of weaning piglets,but the antibiotic group was better than inulin group.

铜作为一般必需营养元素,在维持动物机体正常代谢和免疫力方面发挥着重要功能[1].自英国学者Braude等[2]首次发现饲粮添加高剂量铜对青年猪有促生长作用之后,生产中常添加高剂量铜(120～250 mg/kg),然而,猪对铜的需要量仅为5 mg/kg左右.

A total of eighty Duroc(Landrace×Yorkshire)growing-finishing pigs with 40 kg of average body weight were used in this study to evaluate the effects of different digestible lysine(DLys)levels(0.59%,0.67%,0.75%,0.83%,0.91%)on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters in order to determine the optimal DLys levels in growing-finishing pigs.The experimental diets were based on corn-soybean meal with isoenergy and the same amino acid pattern.The results showed that average daily gain(ADG)and feed/gain(F/G)changed with the elevated DLys levels quadratically.The established DLys requirement of growing-finishing pigs was not the same when using different evaluation index.The optimal DLys level was 0.78% for hightest ADG(791.42 g),and 0.80% for lowest F/G(2.92).The concentrations of glucagon,insulin,thyroxine T3 and T4 at 0.75% of DLys level were higher,while glucose concentration was lower compared with the other groups(P 0.05).These findings suggested that the optimal DLys and crude protein levels in growing-finishing pigs with 40-70 kg of body weight were 0.78%,15.66%,respectively.

To study the requirement of digestible lysine in finishing pigs,Sixty Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs with body weight of about 70 kg were randomly assigned to one of 5!treatment groups with 3 duplicates of 4 pigs to investigate the growth performance,blood parameters and carcass quality.The pigs were fed five digestible lysine levels of diets with isoenergetic and same amino acid pattern.The diets were prepared base on ideal amino acids pattern and the true digestibilty of lysine in feedstuff was estimated by enzyme-hydrolyzed casein.The result showed that 1) average daily gain(ADG) and fat-free lean index(FFLI) increased as DLys levels increasing from 0.47% to 0.59%,while decreased as DLys levels decreasing from 0.59% to 0.71%.ADG(782 g/d) and FFLI(313.8 g/d) were highest(P0.01) at 0.59% DLys group;2) feed/Gain decreasd,then increased,and reached a minimum value of 3.20 at 0.59% DLys(P0.01);3)the concentration of plasma urea nitrogen(SUN) and area of musculi loculi increased with increasing DLys level(P0.05),while fat depth decreased;4)the concentration of growth hormone(GH) at 0.59% DLys group was significantly higher than other groups(P0.05).In addition,serum concentrations of total protein(TP),free triiodothyronine(FT3) have no significant changes.It indicted that the optimum DLys requirement in finishing pigs with BW of 70 to 100 kg was 0.59% or 15.9 g/d,or 0.43 g/MJ as expressed with digestive energy(DE).

<正>猪蛋白质营养实际是氨基酸营养。赖氨酸(Lys)作为猪常用玉米-豆粕型饲粮的第一限制性氨基酸,同时也是构建理想蛋白质模式(Ideal Protein Profiles,IPP)的参比氨基酸,一直是动物营养研究的热点,其需要量的确定至关重要,目前国内外研究已深入到可

In order to study effects of copper at different form and level on growth performance,diarrhea and serum biochemistry parameters,two hundreds and sixteen Duroc×Landrace× Yorkshire piglets with the body weight (BW) of(14.31± 1.61) kg were randomly assigned to 9 treatment groups,and feed basal diet supplemented with CuSO4,Gly-Cu and Met-Cu at different dosages,respectively.Results indicated that adding high copper improved the piglets'BW,average daily gain and average daily feed intake,and of which in the groups with 100 or 250 mg/kg of Gly-Cu and 250 mg/kg of CuSO4·5H2O have no significance;the diarrhea ratio of the treatment groups with 250 mg/kg of CuSO4·5H2O and 250 mg/kg of Gly-Cu are lower than other groups.Comparing the same copper form,adding high copper increased(P0.05) the level of growth hormone(GH),insulin(INS) and decreased the serum level of urea nitrogen,and 50 mg/kg of Met-Cu has better effect on promoting the secrete of GH and INS.The results proved that the growth role of the high-copper maybe have relationship with the enhancement of the piglets' appetite,the secretion promote of the growth correlation hormone enhance the anti-stress ability and the immunity function,the growth performance of the treatment groups with 100 mg/kg of Gly-Cu have no remarkable difference with the high copper group,may play certain substitution effect,the treatment groups with 50 mg/kg possibly has the high application potential.

The experiment was conducted with growing pigs according to 4×4 Latin square design. Four barrows,average body initial weight about 52kg,were fed four diets in stainless cages individually. Dicalcium phosphate was used as the most of inorganic phosphorus source in the soybean meal diets and the supplemental level was 0%,0.12%,0.24% and 0.36% respectively,and the four cornstarch-based diets containing four levels of AP(0.13%(Diet1),0.15%(Diet2),0.17%(Diet3)and 0.19%(Diet4)).Each experimental period comprised 12d with 5d adaptation and 3d fecal samples.By N and P equilibrium and their outputs,the digestibility of N and P of pigs and the effects on environment were studied.The results showed that the true P digestibility in diet1,diet2,diet3 and diet4 were 53.00%,53.78%,65.19% and 68.09% respectively;and fecal P outputs reduced as the dietary inputs of P falled.There was no signifi- cant differenee in N equilibrium and apparent N digestibility(P0.05)when the level of P in the diet changed,but the values indicted a detracted trend.All of the experimental values from the balance of N and P in diets suggested the proper level of Dicalcium phosphate was 0.12%～0.24%,which could reduce the pollution of N and P in feces of pigs on environment.