A high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric( HPLC-ICP-MS) method has been developed for the determination of 4 arsenic species as arsenite( As( III)),arsenate( As( V)) monomethylarsonic acid( MMA) and dimethylaronic acid( DMA) in tobacco. Tobacco samples were pretreated by ultrapure water,and the separation was performed on an anion-exchange column with the mobile phase composition of 30 mmol /L ammonium carbonate solution. The limits of detection( LOD) were0. 15 ng /mL( As( III)),0. 16 ng /mL( As( V)),0. 17 ng /mL( MMA) and 0. 16 ng /mL( DMA),respectively. The average spiked recoveries were between 73. 8% and 107. 6%,and relative standard deviations( n =3) were below 8.0%. This method has the advantages of simple operation,good separation effect,high sensitivity and fast analytical speed etc.

In order to improve the technology of cut strip casing, the factors influencing the casing effects of cut strips were examined by an orthogonal experiment in terms of tobacco throughput, cylinder rotating speed, nozzle pressure and hot air temperature, meantime, the regression models between the tested parameters and the casing effects were established by partial least square method. The results showed that tobacco throughput and nozzle pressure significantly influenced the casing effects, the tested parameters in the order of their influences on the effective utilization rate of casing were tobacco throughput > nozzle pressure > cylinder rotating speed >hot air temperature, while in the order of their influences on casing uniformity were nozzle pressure > tobacco throughput > cylinder rotating speed > hot air temperature. The established regression models had satisfactory prediction accuracy; the deviations between predictive and measured values of the effective utilization rate of casing and the variation coefficient of casing content in cut strips were 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.

[目的]评价中药添加剂对大鼠吸烟所致的呼吸功能及免疫功能的改善效果.[方法]吸烟组大鼠在烟气环境中每日暴露1h,对照组大鼠在烟机无卷烟空吸环境中每日暴露1h,持续3个月,测定肺功能,脏器系数,腹主动脉取血测定血清中抗氧化、免疫因子指标.[结果]各吸烟组大鼠用力肺活量(FVC)与对照组相比差异无统计学意义,但FEV1/FVC％(一秒率)有所下降,其中3号烟组与0号烟组相比显著升高(P＜0.05).2、3号烟组用力中期呼气流速(FEF25％～75％)、最大呼气中段流量(MMF)、最大呼气流量(PEF)各项指标与0号烟组相比明显改善,且与对照组值接近;1、2、3号烟组大鼠肺脏、胸腺脏器系数较0号烟组相比,无统计学差异.1号烟组脾脏系数极显著高于0号烟组(P＜0.01),3号烟组脾脏系数显著高于0号烟组(P＜0.05);与0号烟组相比,2、3号烟组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)显著升高(P＜0.05),丙二醛(MDA)差异无统计学意义;1、2、3号烟组γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)均高于0号烟组,白介素-1β(IL-1β)均低于0号烟组,但差异无统计学意义.与0号烟组相比,1号烟组能极显著降低IL-6(P＜0.001),3号烟组能显著降低IL-12(P＜0.05).[结论]2、3号添加剂可改善吸烟引起的大鼠肺功能降低,和对吸烟造成的抗氧化能力下降有保护作用.1、3号添加剂均可一定程度上改善因吸烟引起的大鼠免疫力下降,由此得出3号添加剂为卷烟的理想添加剂.

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is formed by incomplete combustion of organic materials, and causes oxidative damage to cells and tissues due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibition of Tanshinone IIA and Baicalin on the formation of BaP as well as the cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by BaP. The results showed that BaP formations in mainstream smoke were inhibited by 21 μg/cigarette of Tanshinone IIA with a 12.8% decrease, and by 60 μg/cigarette of Baicalin with an 11.1% decrease, respectively. Tanshinone IIA could protect HUVECs from the damage caused by BaP in a dose-dependent manner from 7.5 to 30 μg/ml. 6 μg/ml Baicalin significantly increased the cell survival rate from 47.37% to 84.21% compared with BaP-treated cells. Both Tanshinone IIA and Baicalin markedly attenuated the increase of LDH release, enhanced the activity of SOD and GPx and inhibited the generation of MDA in BaP-damaged HUVECs in vitro. In vivo exploration showed that the two compounds were capable of enhancing the activity of SOD and inhibiting generation of MDA in mainstream smoke-damaged in mice. Superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical were obviously inhibited by Tanshinone IIA and Baicalin. These data demonstrate an inhibition of Tanshinone IIA and Baicalin on the formation of BaP and the cytotoxicity on HUVECs related to free Radical induced by BaP.

为了探索梗丝形态特征分布的影响因素及其对卷烟吸阻稳定性的影响,采用正交试验方法,考察了压梗厚度、切梗丝厚度、压梗温度等因素对梗丝结构、形态特征分布的影响;采用回归方法分析了梗丝形态特征分布与卷烟吸阻稳定性的关系.方差分析结果表明:压梗厚度对梗丝填充值、整丝率、碎丝率、片状和近丝状梗丝比例均有显著影响.压梗温度对梗丝填充值有显著影响;而切梗丝厚度对梗丝碎丝率、片状梗丝比例有显著影响.回归模型表明:梗丝形态特征分布对卷烟吸阻稳定性有较大的影响,片状梗丝比例越高,卷烟吸阻稳定性越低,丝状梗丝比例越高,卷烟吸阻稳定性越高.

目的:研究中药添加剂降低烟气悬凝物诱导16HBE细胞TNF-α、IL-8及MUC5AC mRNA高表达的作用.方法:CCK-8法检测细胞活力,RT-PCR法检测TNF-α、IL-8及MUC5AC mRNA表达水平.结果:CSC染毒后细胞活力下降,TNF-α、IL-8及MUC5AC mRNA表达水平升高.中药添加剂组细胞活力高于普通烟组,mRNA表达水平有所下降.结论:中药添加剂具有抑制CSC诱导16HBE细胞活力下降及TNF-α、IL-8及MUC5AC mRNA高表达的作用.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Chinese herbal additives on 16HBE cell injuries induced by smoke condensate.Methods: Methods: Human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE cells were used to establish smoke condensate exposure model to detect the cell viability,oxidative stress and secretion of TNF-α,IL-8 after exposure to toxin.Results: After exposure to smoke condensate,the cell viability decreased,oxidative stress levels were elevated,the secretion of TNF-α,IL-8 increased.In Chinese herbal additive group,after exposure to smoke condensate,cell viability was higher than that of normal group,LDH release and oxidative stress levels decreased,the secretion of TNF-α and IL-8 reduced.Conclusion: 16HBE cells exposed to smoke condensate can decrease the cell viability and increase the oxidative stress levels and cytokine secretion,Chinese herbal additives can alleviate the above condition.

Effects of Jiangshan cigarette on human immune function and hemorrheology,levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD8+ were studied by measuring concentration of serum immunoglobulins,blood viscosity,and plasma viscosity were measured by immune turbidimetry,flow cytometry,and LG-R-80 blood viscometer respectively in peripheral blood of smokers.Concentrations of serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were also determined by corresponding enzymatic methods.Results showed that levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were increased,and that of CD8+,LDL-cholesterol and fibrinogen were reduced significantly.Jiangshan cigarette has shown some effects on antagonizing the suppression on immune function,and can lower blood lipids.

Effects of "Jiangshan" cigarette smoke on immune function and activity of lipid peroxidation(LPO) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) of liver in mice were studied.The ability of reticulendothelial system,the delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene,and the antibody of serum hemolysin were observed.The levels of LPO and SOD were determined by methods of thiobarbituric acid(TBA) and xanthine oxidase respectively.Results showed that the suppression on DTH and antibody of serum hemolysin of control cigarette could be antagonized by "Jiangshan" cigarette smoke obviously,and the level of LPO of liver was reduced and the level of SOD was increased markedly.Compared with control cigarette,"Jiangshan" cigarette can enhance the specific immune function of mice.

Objective To establish a cigarette induced cough and sputum secretion mice model for effective evaluation of the effect of reduce the dangers of cigarettes with additives.Methods Mice were exposed to smoke through the nose-only device for one hour everyday,the cough latency time and cough frequency were tested by ammonia water method and the OD values of sputum secretions was tested by phenol red method.Results The cough time of model group mice significantly decreased,the cough frequency of model group mice increased,the OD values of sputum secretions of model group mice significantly increased.Conclusion It is successful to establish a cigarette induced cough and sputum secretion mice model.

An enzymatic hydrolysis-continuous flow method to determine the starch in tobacco was developed. The water-soluble sugars were extracted in 85% ethanol solution before the sample was heated in boiling water bath for the gelation of starch. In the presence of enzyme amyloglucosidase (AGS), the starch was hydrolyzed to glucose when the pH is 4.6. The content of the starch can be calculated by measuring the content of glucose with continuous flow method. The recovery of the starch was 96.6% and the relative standard deviation (n=7) ranged from 1.52% to 4.08%. In contrast with enzymatic method (ISO 8451:91), conventional acidic hydrolysis method, and iodine colorimetric method, enzymatic hydrolysis-continuous method has the advantages of stability and exactness. The content of starch in 18 tobacco samples was also determined.