孤岛油田南区馆5-6砂层组以辫状河沉积为主,主要发育的沉积微相有心滩、河道充填及溢岸砂.因河道频繁迁移摆动,砂体之间相互切叠,导致砂体内部构型复杂多变,严重制约了油田后续开发方案的调整和剩余油挖潜,迫切需要开展构型的精细解剖,深化对单砂体的叠置关系及分布规律的认识.采用储层构型分析方法将辫状河砂体划分为6个构型级次,重点对单一辫流带级次、心滩及其内部级次进行构型解剖.依据河道砂体在垂向上切叠模式的差异,对辫状河道进行垂向分期.利用河间沉积、河道顶部高程差、测井曲线形态差异,横向上对单一辫状河道进行侧向划界.在经验公式的约束下,利用测井响应特征、相对高程、剖面形态、落淤层产状的差异,准确识别心滩位置和形态.对单一辫流带和心滩相关数据进行统计和分析,提出了适用于稀井网条件下的单砂体识别经验公式.选取密井网井区典型的心滩进行实例解剖,分析不同类型心滩的沉积作用、厚度变化、发育位置和内部落淤层展布特征的差异,以期为不同类型心滩的判别和具有针对性的剩余油挖潜提供地质依据.

文章基于以学生为中心、以成果为导向的教育理念,以资源勘查工程专业应用型核心课程"油气田地下地质学"课程为例,聚焦学生实践技能、研究能力、创新意识,从构建"三位一体"实践教学体系,即强化基本技能训练提升实践能力、推进探究式教学培养创新意识、开展综合性课程设计提升综合分析与创新能力三大途径保障实践教学改革方案顺利实施及教学效果.

转变教学观念是开展研究性教学的前提,改进教学方法是实施研究性教学的关键,改变考核制度是实施研究性教学的重要手段和有力保障.论文从树立"5种意识"和实现"4个转变"入手,重点阐述了油气田地下地质学研究性教学方案设计,方案实施过程中层次化教学、基于教学内容科学选择教学方法以及突出研究与分析能力提升的多元化考核方式改革探索等,并对实施效果及存在的主要问题进行了剖析.

商河油田经过四十多年的勘探开发,目前已处于高含水开发阶段,地下油水关系极为复杂.为进一步理清地下油水分布规律,提高采收率,在对研究区地层精细划分对比的基础上,充分利用测井及岩心资料,对研究区辫状沟道储层进行构型研究,将辫状沟道储层构型界面共划分为5级,其中五级界面为洪泛泥岩,四级界面为沟道砂体沉积间断面,三级界面主要为物性差异沉积.研究认为,区内辫状沟道侧向识别标准共有3种,分别为沟道砂体顶面高程差异、侧向微相变化和侧向边界泥岩层.通过对研究区辫状沟道厚度、宽度和长度进行统计分析,建立了辫状沟道定量预测模型;通过对区内孔隙度和渗透率的分析,发现两者具有较好的指数关系;通过对研究区二、三砂组孔渗关系及宽厚、长厚比的关系研究,发现砂体较厚的小层其平均长度、平均宽度也较大,在物性特征方面,二砂组物性好于三砂组,但差异性不明显,在整体上依然属于中孔低渗储层;通过对小层构型的期次的划分,发现每小层砂体一般由1～2期砂体叠置而成,根据不同期次差异性可以分析出该小层沉积时期的分布范围和物源变化趋势.

文章基于成果导向的教育理念,聚焦培养学生综合能力,对“油气田地下地质学”课程的教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、学习评价进行了设计和实施.教学目标设计上重点关注分析解决油气开发复杂地质问题所需的专业知识、实践技能、创新能力需求;教学内容设计上,以油田开发地质研究要件、研究进程等为主线,通过构建模块化教学框架,层次化、递进式教学体系,搭建开放式资源平台等,整合和优化教学内容;教学方法上,采取问题式教学、案例式教学等,提升自主学习能力、思辨能力;通过“三位一体”实践教学活动,促进专业知识、基本技能向综合应用和研究转化,提升综合分析、解决问题的能力以及创新能力;注重学生学习成果的达成,设计并实施过程化、多元化的学习评价方案,为每个学生达成“学习成果”提供机会,激励深度学习,实现教学活动由知识性向能力性的转变.

针对饶阳凹陷留西油田馆陶组上段沉积微相研究程度不够深入的问题,通过对岩心录井、测井曲线特征等分析,对留西油田东部馆陶组上段地层进行精细划分,将馆陶组一段和二段的4个砂层组划分为16个小层,研究其地层发育特征,并以单井沉积相分析为基础,结合测井相、平面相等分析,对研究区馆陶组上段沉积微相类型、展布特征及其演化规律进行了全面系统的研究.研究表明:研究区以曲流河和辫状河沉积为主,受基准面升降与沉积物供应等因素的影响,该区河流相砂体自下而上大致经历了曲流河发育期、辫状河-曲流河共存发育期、辫状河发育期3个阶段.

为探明饶阳凹陷留西留北构造带新近系物源和古气候特征,采用ICP-MS详细研究了饶阳凹陷留西留北构造带新近系各体系域泥岩微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征.研究表明:除Zr、Hf、Nb、Sr、Mo 5种元素平均含量低于上地壳均值以外,其余微量元素含量均略高于上地壳均值,其中Zn、V、Cr、Ni、U、Pb等元素更为富集.大部分样品微量元素蛛网图模式大体一致,但仍个别样品与主流模式特征不同,各体系域微量元素含量普遍低于上地壳均值,显示物源可能为混合物源.各体系域稀土元素总量w(∑REE)相对较高,介于146.20×10-6～342.06×10-6之间,平均228.20×10-6.∑LREE/∑HREE比值为9.01～15.47,平均11.35,轻稀土元素富集.δEu为0.61～0.71,平均0.66,具明显的Eu负异常,Ce异常不明显.结合研究区一些敏感的微量元素及其比值和稀土元素的各特征参数研究认为:留西留北构造带新近系物源除少量沉积岩物源外,大部分为来自沧县隆起地区燕山期发育的花岗岩侵入体和中酸性火山岩;也可能来自岩浆岩和沉积岩经变质作用转化形成的片麻岩类或混合岩化的岩石,但不是主流来源.研究区新近系时期古水介质条件为弱氧化环境,为盐度较低的淡水环境.古气候经历了由低位体系域(LST)相对干热到水进体系域(TST)较为温湿再过渡到高位体系域(HST)相对干热的一个完整旋回.

Glutenite at the bottom of the Guantao Formation are important migration pathways and good reservoirs of Neogene reservoirs. Due to the lack of direct data and related research, however,its cause and distribution have remained unclear, which restricts further oil and gas exploration and development.Aiming at this problem,based on mud logging, well logging and seismic data,this paper mainly focuses on the identification method,electrical responses and the origin of the glutenite. The characteristics of the sedimentary facies of the study section were first systematically analyzed;and then some conclusions were drawn. Firstly,logging responses and seismic reflection of the glutenite are apparent,and can be effectively identified using qualitative and quantitative indicators. Secondly,the glutenite can be subdivided into five lithological types,including conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, conglomeratic anisometric sandstone, fine sandstone, and siltstone and politic silt-stone,which can be recognized using the glutenite's electrical responses. Thirdly, when glutenite deposites, the supply of the material is mainly from the south and the east,while the western originis relatively remote. Lastly,it is considered that glutenite in this area is braided river deposits,which can be further subdivided into four types of microfacies:channel depos-its,diara,overbank origin and flood plain.

饶阳凹陷大王庄地区馆陶组是一套河流相沉积,由于砂体纵横向演化快和井网分布不均等因素,使得研究区尤其是井疏地区的沉积相展布认识程度低.以地震沉积学理论为指导,利用三维地震资料的横向分辨率解释优势,在井震统一的层序地层格架约束内应用90°相位转换、分频解释、地层切片等技术对目的层段砂体进行地震解剖,着重对第Ⅵ准层序优选后的多个层段属性进行波形分类以预测砂体分布,并以砂地比约束属性预测结果揭示了其沉积微相平面展布规律.研究成果为研究区油气藏精细描述及开发奠定了基础.

Currently,the hydrocarbon reservoir in the lower segment of the second member in the Shahejie Formation of the fault terrace zone Ⅰ of Shanghe oilfield is the high water cut stage after exploration and development for more than 40 years,and it has a strong heterogeneity under the research area,resulting in an unclear distribution of remaining oil.To figure out the permeability rule of fluids under this area,predict distribution characteristic of remaining oil,the analytic hierarchy process was used to demonstrate the ar-chitecture units of the second and the third sand groups of the second member in the Shahejie Formation, and permeability barriers were identified by the identification and division of architecture interface to divide permeability barriers into Grade Ⅰ,Grade Ⅱ and Grade Ⅲ,corresponding to Grade 5,Grade 4 and Grade 3 of architecture interface,respectively.The classification results were gradually judged and analyzed by selec-ting porosity,permeability and flow zone index and other attribute parameters and dividing reservoir stra-tum into ClassⅠ,Class Ⅱ,Class Ⅲ and Class Ⅳ through Q cluster analysis,and discriminant equation of every type is built.The analysis of the relationship between dynamic data and flow units of oilfield showed that the remaining oil distribution is closely associated with flow units types.And the remaining oil mainly distributed in the flow unit of Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ.

It is of great importance to make use of logging data to divide the sedimentary microfacies rapid-ly and accurately during the oilfield exploitation and development.The turbidite deposits in Shasan Shangya Section in the Third Area of Shanghe Oilfield is liable to be affected by the worker subj ectivity and tedious work due to the division complexity of turbidite microfacies.In order to take advantage of logging materials and enhance the working efficiency of sedimentary microfacies to the utmost extent,SVM(Support Vector Machine)can be used for carrying out the quantitative,fine and automatic identification aimed at the sedi-mentary microfacies in the upper turbidite environment,Shasan Section,Shangsan District,laying the geo-logical foundation for the follow-up oilfield development.During study,the author will select and pretreat the logging curve,then,withdraw the characteristic parameters as the input set of SVM,and consider the subsidence microfacies explanation conclusion as output;In addition,it is requested to select three coring wells with complete core hole section and microfacies classification results and 1,209 groups of data to train the SVM,therein,908 groups of data will serve as the training set and 301 groups of data act as the test set. The result of research shows that:Thanks to the method,the accuracy rate of training results and test re-sults can reach up to 97.7% and 88.9% respectively.It means that SVM has the favorable application re-sults in the aspect of sedimentary microfacies identification on turbidite fan in Shasan Shangya Section, Shangsan Area.

针对目前高校考试中存在的考试方式较为单一、考试内容相对片面、考试目的功利化以及忽视考试分析与问题反馈等弊端,本文以全面实施素质教育、培养学生应用能力和创新能力为目标,充分考虑“油气田地下地质学”课程特点,提出了以能力培养为导向的多元化考试改革方案,突出考核过程化、考核形式多元化、考核内容开放性和灵活性等.实践证明,该考核模式不仅有助于学生由简单接受型学习向注重综合分析及应用型学习的转变,提高学生的综合素质及应用能力;同时,也有助于进一步推动教师教学方法改革,做考试改革的引领者、推动者和执行者.

新生研讨课是大学本科教学领域一种新型的课程和教学模式,教学上一般采取适应性模式和学术性模式有机结合、以研讨性质为主的模式,以引导和帮助新生尽快适应大学学习生活、增进专业认知、激发学生学术兴趣.目前尚存在整体设计不够规范和精细、学生不甚适应及个别教师理解不准确甚至简单化等问题.为此,除了进一步加强师资队伍培训之外,有必要重点加强整体规划与内容设计,如强化专业培养方案解剖、专业核心课程及重点专题的研讨等环节,在促进学生自主学习与自我管理、专业认知与自我规划、学术兴趣与创新思维等方面切实发挥积极作用.

在临南洼陷周边地区,具油气显示的沙四段地层仅在临南斜坡上有所发现.因其沉积相研究还较少,使得沙四上亚段开发效果欠佳.因此,针对曲堤油田曲9-111断块沙四上亚段地层开展精细沉积相研究具有重要的意义.以岩心、测井及地震等资料为基础,应用沉积学和高分辨率层序地层学方法,对研究区开展精细沉积相研究.分析认为:该地区主要发育扇三角洲前缘亚相的水下分流河道、水下溢岸砂体、河口坝、前缘席状砂及分流间湾等微相,物源主要来自于南部的鲁西隆起.结合区域沉积背景,概括具有本区特征的扇三角洲前缘沉积相模式.

The lithology of Raoyang depression Neogene Guantao group mainly is clastic rocks,the lithol-ogic characteristic is complicated and varied of which better identification is hard to be achieved only using the logging curve,it has unfavorable influence on subsequent well logging interpretation.Targeting at this problem and based on the logging data to propose a method which first using the crossplot technique to generalize and summarize all kinds of lithologies and then using the BP neural network technique to quick i-dentify the generalized lithologies.According to the application effect of this method in Liuxi area,the iden-tification precision of all kinds of lithologies in the sample data base has reached over 90% and the identifi-cation precision of mudstone and siltstone have even reached 100%,it greatly improve the classification and identification precision of all kinds of lithologies only using the logging curve,it has more importantly in-fluence in the oil and gas exploration and development process.

惠民凹陷商河油田商一区油气储层经过近40年的勘探开发,挖潜难度越来越大.为了进一步搞清该区剩余油分布规律,充分利用研究区丰富的岩芯、测井等资料,对沙二下亚段三、四砂组河口坝储层的垂向级次划分、单一河口坝识别及发育特征、垂向演化规律等开展精细研究.结果表明:河口坝储层发育5级构型界面,其中五、四级界面的成因类型分别为洪泛泥岩、砂体披覆泥岩,三级界面的成因主要为物性差异沉积、成岩钙质砂岩,并进一步细分为泥质夹层、物性夹层和钙质夹层3类;三级界面中泥质夹层的横向连续性好于物性夹层和钙质夹层,延伸距离为300～800 m,沿河口坝进积方向,在坡折带处夹层倾角最大可达8°,至湖盆内部夹层倾角一般小于2°,沿垂直于砂体推进方向,夹层倾角一般低于1.5°;储层顶面高程差异、坝间沉积、坝缘侧向交错叠置、曲线形态及砂体沉积厚度差异是单一河口坝侧向边界的4种识别标志;基准面的升降变化控制了沉积砂体间叠置关系,决定了河口坝砂体的沉积厚度及储层物性特征.该研究成果对于指导商河油田及相似油田开展后期剩余油分布预测具有借鉴意义.

On the issues of the inconsistent of stratigraphic division of blocks in the third member of Guantao Formation in Dalujia area of Huimin sag and the differences of understanding on sedimentary facies,according to the order and characteristics of cycle,the third member of Guantao Formation was divided into two forth-order cycles,five fifth-order cycles and sixteen sixth-order cycles;according to the core data,laboratory analysis,log information,etc.,rock type,particle size and textural characteristics,change of vertical particle size,type of bedding structure and shape of spontaneous potential curve were comprehensively analyzed.The results show that alluvial fan and braided river develop in the third member of Guantao Formation in Dalujia area of Huimin sag;for alluvial fan,the main microfacies types include braided stream sand island,braided stream channel,braided stream belt,overland flow sheet sand,distal sand dune,and so on;for braided river,the main microfacies include river island,braided channel filling,floodplain sedimentary,abandoned channel,and the sedimentary of natural levee,flood plain and interchannel mud,and so on;the sedimentary facies types and space distribution of two forth-order cycles are similar;the fifth-order cycle I in the middle-westward of the study area belongs to alluvial fan sedimentary,the microfacies including braided stream sand island,braided stream channel and braided stream belt develop,and the fifth-order cycle I in the eastern part belongs to fan front plain sedimentary;in the early of the fifth-order cycle Ⅱ,braided river sedimentary mainly develops,river channel is large,and the microfacies including braided stream sand island and braided stream channel develop only in the northeastern part of the sixth-order cycle Ⅱ1;in the middle of the fifth-order cycle Ⅱ,braided river develops,and river channel decreases,two river channel groups flow from NW to SE;in the late of the fifth-order cycle Ⅱ, river channel decreases further,and gradually transforms into meandering river sedimentary.

曲堤油田中南部油气分布及油藏特征复杂。为进一步摸清油气分布规律，深化油气勘探，针对馆三段、沙三段、沙四上亚段和沙四下亚段等4套含油层系，运用油气藏精细解剖技术，识别出断层、岩性、复合等多种类型油气藏。宏观上，区域构造背景、油源断裂及区域性盖层控制曲堤油田的油气成藏；微观上，低级序断层、沉积微相、不整合及微构造控制区块内的油气分布。由断层、不整合面、砂体组成的阶梯状输导成藏模式为研究区主要成藏模式。

以岩心观察、测井曲线分析以及室内试验分析为基础,开展单井相、测井相、平面相等分析,对研究区馆陶组沉积微相类型、展布特征及其演化规律进行了系统全面的研究.研究表明:研究区以辫状河和曲流河沉积为主,主要发育心滩、道间滩地、道间洼地、边滩、天然堤、决口扇、河漫滩等沉积微相类型;受基准面升降与沉积物供应的作用,该区河流相砂体自下而上演化大致经历了辫状河繁盛发育期、辫-曲共存发育期、曲流河繁盛发育期以及辫状河发育期4个阶段.

The sedimentary micro-facies of Es27-8 in Liang11 fault block has been systematically studied by core,well log shape,sand body geometry and porosity and permeability,etc.The results show that it mainly belongs to distributary channel and estuary bar of delta front subfacies,which may be divided into 8 types of sedimentary micro-facies: underwater distributary channel,natural levee,crevasse splay,abandoned channel,area between distributary channel,estuary bar,distal bar,and delta mud.Among them,the estuary bar and distal bar can be further divided into the main bar and bar edge.The area between distributary channel can be further divided into two subunits: muddy deposition zone and siltstone deposition area.The results show that there are main-ly underwater distributary channel,natural levee in Es27 of Liang11 fault block,which locally develop crevasse splay and abandoned channel micro-facies.There are mainly estuary bars and distal bars in Es28.