文章基于以学生为中心、以成果为导向的教育理念,以资源勘查工程专业应用型核心课程"油气田地下地质学"课程为例,聚焦学生实践技能、研究能力、创新意识,从构建"三位一体"实践教学体系,即强化基本技能训练提升实践能力、推进探究式教学培养创新意识、开展综合性课程设计提升综合分析与创新能力三大途径保障实践教学改革方案顺利实施及教学效果.

转变教学观念是开展研究性教学的前提,改进教学方法是实施研究性教学的关键,改变考核制度是实施研究性教学的重要手段和有力保障.论文从树立"5种意识"和实现"4个转变"入手,重点阐述了油气田地下地质学研究性教学方案设计,方案实施过程中层次化教学、基于教学内容科学选择教学方法以及突出研究与分析能力提升的多元化考核方式改革探索等,并对实施效果及存在的主要问题进行了剖析.

文章基于成果导向的教育理念,聚焦培养学生综合能力,对“油气田地下地质学”课程的教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、学习评价进行了设计和实施.教学目标设计上重点关注分析解决油气开发复杂地质问题所需的专业知识、实践技能、创新能力需求;教学内容设计上,以油田开发地质研究要件、研究进程等为主线,通过构建模块化教学框架,层次化、递进式教学体系,搭建开放式资源平台等,整合和优化教学内容;教学方法上,采取问题式教学、案例式教学等,提升自主学习能力、思辨能力;通过“三位一体”实践教学活动,促进专业知识、基本技能向综合应用和研究转化,提升综合分析、解决问题的能力以及创新能力;注重学生学习成果的达成,设计并实施过程化、多元化的学习评价方案,为每个学生达成“学习成果”提供机会,激励深度学习,实现教学活动由知识性向能力性的转变.

In order to study the change law of the influence of seawater development on oilfield reservoir parameters,this paper analyzed the slices,the scanning electron microscopy,the whole rock analysis of the coring wells after injection of seawater and the seawater,pressure mercury and other analytical laboratory data,and with the indoor core water drive simulation test confirmed,so as to deeply analyse the changes law of seawater development process of reservoir parameters.The results show that the waterflooding of seawater caused many changes of reservoir parameters,including the variation of pore structure,the pore throat obstruction,the change of formation water,the agglomeration of feldspar and the formation of new minerals.Therefore,in the development of seawater development,we should study the changes in the impact of seawater development on reservoir parameters,pay attention to the protection of reservoirs.

从本科到硕士、博士研究生的教育具有延续性、继承性和层次性,相互独立的课程体系内容不系统,缺乏实用性.本文以油藏开发地质学科为例,创建了多学科交叉新课程,建立了专业特点鲜明、开放式、多元化的三级教材体系,提出了层次性的教学方法,建立了“储层地质学—油藏描述—油藏定量表征及预测”本硕博阶梯式课程体系.

针对目前高校考试中存在的考试方式较为单一、考试内容相对片面、考试目的功利化以及忽视考试分析与问题反馈等弊端,本文以全面实施素质教育、培养学生应用能力和创新能力为目标,充分考虑“油气田地下地质学”课程特点,提出了以能力培养为导向的多元化考试改革方案,突出考核过程化、考核形式多元化、考核内容开放性和灵活性等.实践证明,该考核模式不仅有助于学生由简单接受型学习向注重综合分析及应用型学习的转变,提高学生的综合素质及应用能力;同时,也有助于进一步推动教师教学方法改革,做考试改革的引领者、推动者和执行者.

以埕东油田西区馆陶组下段辫状河砂体为例,利用动、静态资料分别在单井纵向上和井间识别单期次心滩砂体,构造心滩内部夹层和垂积体的空间展布模型.根据夹层的产状,将夹层的分布模式划分为水平式、斜列式和对称式3种.在此基础上,根据对称式夹层分布特征设计实验模型,采用水驱油物理模拟手段,分析心滩内部夹层对剩余油分布的控制作用.实验结果表明,夹层对剩余油形成与分布的控制作用明显,且受到注采井射孔段位置、夹层的水平延伸范围及注采井与夹层的匹配关系等因素的影响.

A number of beach-bar sandstone reservoir beds which have attracted more and more attentions,are developed in the upper fourth member of Shahejie Formation (Ess4 )of the Wangjiagang oilfield.Based on the analysis of seismic and logging data and an experiment,this paper analyzes the hydrocarbon distribution charac-teristics and play elements of beach-bar sandstone in the upper fourth member of Shahejie Formation (Ess4 )of the Wangjiagang oilfield.The results showed that the beach-bar reservoir beds with thin interbedded sandstone have strong heterogeneity.Hydrocarbon distribution and properties were extremely non-uniform.Migration path-ways are the important condition of hydrocarbon accumulation in the regions which suffered strong tectonic move-ments.Reservoir bed heterogeneity is another controlling factor of non-uniform distribution of hydrocarbon. Simulated experiment indicated that the change of driving force for hydrocarbon migration impacted selective accumulation mechanism in the process that hydrocarbon moved vertically along fault zone to the reservoir and distribution of hydrocarbon in the reservoir.

玛北斜坡区三叠系百口泉组(T1b)发育低孔-低渗砾岩储层,开发难度较大.为寻找高产层位,为油田后期开发部署提供可靠依据,针对T1b储层开展了量化评价研究.以动、静态资料相结合,多参数综合分析为思路,参考试油资料,优选出沉积微相、岩心平均渗透率与流动带指数的乘积、核磁孔隙度与厚度的乘积、τ2谱峰数、压力恢复速率及其曲线形态、含油级别、地层电阻率等作为储层评价指标.确定各指标的分类标准,利用模糊综合评判法将T1b储层划分为4类.经验证,储层评价结果与实际试油结论基本符合,应用效果好.

A number of beach-bar sandstone reservoir beds are developed in the upper fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s) on the southern slope of the Dongying Sag. Based on the analysis of seismic and logging data, with characterization and petrographic studies of core and cutting samples, this paper analyzes the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics in two typical blocks of the Boxing and Wangjiagang oilfields, especially reservoir bed heterogeneity and migration conditions that influence oil and gas distribution, calculates the index of reservoir bed quality (IRQ) with a mathematical method, and discusses the relationship between driving force and resistance of hydrocarbon accumulation. Taking into account the characteristics of thin interbeds in beach-bar sandstones, an experimental model simulated the characteristics of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in thin interbedded sandstones with reservoir bed heterogeneity. The results showed that hydrocarbon distribution and properties were extremely non-uniform. Reservoir bed and migration conditions controlled hydrocarbon accumulation in beach-bar sandstones. IRQ is above 0.4 in the main hydrocarbon region. Sand body distribution, structural configuration and fault systems controlled the direction of regional migration and location of hydrocarbon accumulation. Simulation experiments indicated that the change of driving force for hydrocarbon migration affected selective accumulation mechanisms. Hydrocarbon moved vertically along fault zones to the reservoir and resulted in the distribution of hydrocarbon in the reservoir. Two kinds of hydrocarbon accumulation models exist in the study area. One is a hydrocarbon accumulation model controlled by reservoir bed heterogeneity and the second is a hydrocarbon accumulation model controlled by a complex migration system with faults connecting sandbodies. Finally, different exploration strategies should be adopted for the detailed exploration for beach-bar sandstone reservoirs according to different geological backgrounds.

通过岩心描述、薄片观察、测录井资料解释、核磁共振分析等技术手段,研究了吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组(P2l)致密油储层的岩石学特征、孔隙结构特征、物性特征、岩石力学特征、敏感性及含油性特征.研究表明,P2l储层岩性多样,储集空间多为溶孔,局部层段发育裂缝,孔隙结构属微孔、微细喉型,孔渗条件差,储层纵向上油气显示较为普遍,但油气相对富集的单层厚度较薄.此外,对致密储层改造措施效果的控制因素进行分析,认为工艺改造因素的影响尤为显著.在此基础上采用灰色关联分析、主成分分析、逐步回归分析3种方法优选出5个影响产能的参数,并通过多元回归分析建立了产能预测模型.经验证,产能预测结果与实际试油结论基本符合,应用效果好.

Based on the analyses of logging data and experiment,it is discussed in this paper the reservoir bed heterogeneity and its effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in the upper fourth member of Eocene Shahejie Formation of the Boxing oilfield. The result shows that the beach- bar reservoir bed with thin interbedded sandstone has strong heterogeneity. Hydrocarbon distribution and property are extremely uneven. Influenced by diagenesis,beach- bar sandstone shows strong heterogeneity,leading to different reservoir bed qualities in different areas.Reservoir bed quality has a good correspondence with hydrocarbon-bearing property,and reservoir bed heterogeneity controls the accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbon as well as oil saturation. Simulated experiment indicates that the relationship between driving force and resistance has effects on hydrocarbon accumulation feature and weakens the control of hydrocarbon accumulation by reservoir bed heterogeneity to a specific extent.

Exemplified by Nos.2+3 sand sets in the upper oil reservoirs of the second member of the Shahejie Formation in the Pucheng Oil Field,the present paper deals with the sedimentary characteristics and model for the terminal fan reservoirs and distribution of residual oil.The terminal fan facies may be subdivided into the proximal fan,middle fan and distal fan subfacies.The distributary channel microfacies of the middle fan subfacies is believed to be the main reservoir sandstones.The residual oil is concentrated to the transitional zones of the flanks of the distributary channel microfacies,proximal overbank,distal overbank and lens which are difficult to be controlled by well spacing patterns.Vertically,the residual oil tends to be enriched in the areas with poor physical properties such as the top of the normal rhythmic successions and base of the reverse rhythmic successions.More precisely,the residual oil occurs in the areas near the gas cap in S23 and S24 beds of No.2 sand sets,and structural highs of Pu-53 and Wen-17 fault blocks within S34 and S35 beds of No.3 sand sets.

According to the data statistics of exploration wells and fracturing wells in Shengli Oilfield, the fracturing effect is optimal in the nearshore sub-marine fan, the fracturing effect is next in beach bar faces, the fracturing effect is poor in fan delta, and the fracturing effect is worst in turbidite fan. Geological static parameters are the major factors affecting the fracturing effect of test wells. For heterogeneous reservoir, fracturing is mainly affected by the formation with the best physical properties in the reservoir within an effective radius of fracturing reformation yield, so we can reduce the lower limit of single well testing property to improve hydro-fracturing stimulation effect. Based on the analysis of typical wells, the fracturing effect of glutenite reservoir in northern Dongying is influenced mainly by the formation with good cracks communication; and the fracturing effect of beach dam in western Dongying is influenced mainly by the beach bar occurrence probability within the reformation field. For heterogeneous reservoir, the massive fracturing is needed to enhance the formation communication and increase the production.

由胜利油田探井压裂井的统计可知，近岸水下扇的压裂效果最好，滩坝相次之，扇三角洲较差，浊积扇相最差。影响探井压裂效果的主要因素是地质静态参数，而对于非均质储层，压裂增产主要受到压裂改造有效半径内最好物性储层的影响，可降低单井测试物性下限。通过典型井分析，认为东营北部的砂砾岩体压裂增产效果受压裂裂缝沟通的物性最好的储层影响；东营西部滩坝相的压裂增产效果受改造半径内坝砂出现的几率影响。对非均质储层，应该进行大型压裂，沟通有效储层，取得增产效果。

Based on the Es2upper2+3 member of the south region of Pucheng oilfield,Es2 stage is simulated.Dongying stage and present tectonic stress field in this area with finite element method.Studies show that:in lateral direction,regularly distributing,low stress area is mainly controlled by fractures,and is consisitent with hydrocarbon-rich region,which is authenticated and developed;in vertical direction,as geological age gets younger,the layer is buried shallower,stress field intensity lower.That distributional characteristics is propitious to hydrocarbon migration from east to west,from deep to shallow or along the updip direction of the strata,and hydrocarbon accumulation in fault sealing region and forming fault block reservoir.

Casing damages are severe during the 35 years of high pressure waterflood development in Zhongyuan oil field,which have a seriously effect on oil field development.The study indicates that casing damage has three types including break,deformation and leak,and the wells distribute laterally in the region of fault development,hypersalinity,thick mud and gypsum,vertically in salt-gypsum layer and production interval.The thesis points out that the control factors are fault activity,heterogeneous geo-stress evolvement,rock salt creep,long-term development history,mining mode and development of oil-gas flow field and chemical field,establishes dynamic pattern of parameters of oil field and well,optimizes exploitation model matching with reservoir pattern,stimulation treatment,and reforms casing dynamics environment and chemical environment to control geological disaster.

With the effect of stress and stress field in Tanlu fault in Meso-Cenozoic,tectonic systems of various rotational shear structures are developed extensively in Huabei depression area in the second depression zone of new Cathaysian,which controls the generation and distribution of duplex hydrocarbon accumulation zones in different degrees.Oil and gas are concentrated in the inner cycle bed,divergent places,inner part of the arc faults and the lower-order twisting structures formed in tectonic movement active phase,which has important guiding significance in oil and gas exploration and development.

The water sensitivity of clay minerals is one of the primary causes of reservoir damage in oil fields.As a new testing method of expansive soil.the relative free swelling ratio is defined as the ratio of the equilibrium sediment volume of 10 g ovendried soil in distilled water to that in coal soil or CCl_4).This paper applied this new testing method in swelling property analysis of clay minerals in sandstone reservoir.The relative free swelling ratios of 27 sandstone core samples with argillaceous contents 0f 10～50% in Shengli Oil Field were measured.the clay minerals contents were also identified by X-Ray,and then the positive correlation model between montmorillonite contents and free swelling ratios of sandstone reservoirs was established.The results showed that the free swelling ratio measurement Can more directly and accurately describe the free swelling properties of clay minerals in sandstone reservoirs,and quantitatively reflect the potential swelling damage of reservoirs caused by water sensitivity of clay minerals,and consequently can be applied in the development of clay antiswelling agents for reservoirs,which is important and significant for adjusting the development plans of oil fields.

Subsurface Geology of Oil and Gas fieldsis an important specialty course for the undergraduate students in resources prospecting engineering studies.Based on the practices in teachingSubsurface Geology of Oil and Gas fieldsfor many years in China University of Petroleum,this paper introduces the teaching experiences and achievements in the course construction and teaching reform ofSubsurface Geology of Oil and Gas fields.