В работе представлены результаты измерений концентрации элементного состава аэрозоля в Северной Атлантике и на полярной станции «м. Баранова». На основании измерений элементного состава, проведенных в летний сезон (июнь-август) 2019-2021 гг. можно сделать вывод об источниках формирования аэрозолей европейской и азиатской части Арктического региона. Аэрозоль в атмосфере северной части Баренцева моря, в основном формируется за счет смешанных источников (антропогенных и естественных морских источников), в то время как в атмосфере азиатской части арктического бассейна преобладает аэрозоль, сформированный континентальными источниками.

Experiments on simulation of smoke aerosol from burning pine wood at different ratios of smoldering and flame combustion modes were carried out in the Large Aerosol Chamber of Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science. The variability of the chemical composition of mixed smoke during the stage of its formation and during two-day aging under UV irradiation and dark aging was revealed. The dependence of the mass concentrations of light-absorbing carbon-containing particles on the mixing parameter of the smoldering and flame combustion modes is considered.

В работе представлены результаты измерений концентрации органического и элементного углерода, изотопного состава в образцах атмосферного аэрозоля, отобранных по маршрутам морских экспедиций – 83-й и 84-й рейсы НИС «Академик Мстислав Келдыш». Измерения проводились с июня по август 2021 г. преимущественно в акваториях Карского (83-й рейс) и Баренцева (84-й) морей. Показано, что аэрозоль в северной части Баренцева моря, возможно, формируется за счет как антропогенных, так и естественных источников, в то время как над акваторией Карского моря преобладает фоновый аэрозоль.

We discuss the results from measurements of aerosol physicochemical characteristics in summer 2021 in the Greenland–Kara sector of the Arctic Ocean (the 83rd and 84th cruises of RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh). The studied characteristics included: the aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere, the aerosol and black carbon concentrations, as well as the chemical composition of aerosol samples, i.e., the concentrations of the main elements, the concentrations of organic and elemental carbon, and the isotopic composition of carbon. For most aerosol characteristics, we noted lower average values as compared to the three previous expeditions. Taking into the consideration the data from previous expeditions, we estimated the differences in the aerosol and black carbon concentrations over the Kara, Barents, Norwegian, and Greenland Seas.

The results of measurements of the organic and elemental carbon concentration, the carbon isotope composition in atmospheric aerosol samples collected during the marine expeditions – the 83rd and 84th cruises of the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh are presented in this paper. The measurements were carried out from June to August 2021 mainly in the waters of the Kara Sea (83rd cruise) and Barents Sea (84th cruise). It is shown that the aerosol in the northern part of the Barents Sea is formed due to anthropogenic and natural sources, while the background aerosol prevails over the Kara Sea.

We discuss the physicochemical characteristics of aerosol over seas of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, measured in the 80th cruise and two preceding (67th and 71st) cruises of RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh . Most aerosol characteristics (concentrations of aerosol, black carbon, elemental and organic carbon, elemental composition) are shown to be larger in the atmosphere of the Baltic and North Seas as compared to the Norwegian and Barents Seas. The isotopic composition of carbon in aerosol samples was dominated by light isotopes, indicating the predominant effect from combustion of oil products and natural gas.

In summer 2018 along the route of the 71st cruise of RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the North Atlantic we carried out the measurements of such atmospheric aerosol characteristics as aerosol optical depth, near-surface aerosol and black carbon concentrations, content of chemical elements in aerosol samples, and organic and elemental carbon, as well as the isotopic composition of black carbon. It is shown that the average values of most characteristics decrease severalfold during passage from the Baltic Sea to the North Atlantic (57°–60° N), and then to the Norwegian Sea. For instance, the average black carbon concentration decreased from 83 to 29 ng/m3. Episodic impact of continental aerosol was noted even in remote regions of ocean. Outflow of smokes from forest fires in the north of Canada to the region of measurements (southward of Greenland) had the strongest effect on aerosol characteristics. The average concentrations of chemical elements in aerosol composition over the North Atlantic were several times larger than in the Arctic region, and smaller than in the background region of Siberia.

We discuss the results of measurements in the region of Cape Baranov (the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago) of the set of physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol: aerosol optical depth, aerosol and black carbon concentrations, elemental and ion compositions of aerosol, organic and elemental carbon contents in aerosol, as well as the isotopic composition of carbon in the aerosol and snow samples. It is shown that the average values of most aerosol characteristics, measured in April–June 2018, are a little lower than in the Arctic settlement Barentsburg (Spitsbergen archipelago) and several-fold smaller than in the south of Western Siberia in the same period.

This report presents data on the distribution of elemental and organic carbon in the surface layer of the atmosphere on the northwestern coast of Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea for the years 2010–2012. Elemental carbon (EC) is the primary component of black carbon, which has made a considerable contribution to climate change in the Arctic region. The concentrations of EC are at the background level for the Arctic and are characterized by minor seasonal and annual variability. A significant source of EC is the western transfer from the direction of industrial regions of Northern Europe, including the gas flares of the oil fields in the North Sea. Forest fires during summer months are additional sources of EC.

The paper presents unique data of a 12-year (2001-2012) monitoring of the mass concentration of atmospheric aerosol and concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and total protein (TP) in it at the Klyuchi site (Novosibirsk region). It was found that aerosol mass concentrations, OC, and OC/EC ratio have an increasing trend, and TP has a decreasing trend. Seasonal changes in these concentrations and OC/EC and TP/OC ratios are also identified. The comparison of data obtained and recently published for other Asian and European regions show a good agreement between the values and trends for certain regions and the absence of agreement for other regions.

Analysis has been conducted for 30 samples of atmospheric aerosols on glass-fibre filters with the use of reaction gas chromatography and dry burning method. It has been found that data for the content of total carbon that were obtained with two methods match among themselves within the limits of 30-50 %.

Siberian boreal forest fires burn large areas annually, resulting in smoke that releases large amounts of particulate emission into the atmosphere. We sampled aerosol emissions from experimental fires on three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest sites of central Siberia. Emissions from ground-based aerosol samples were 0.1–0.7 t/ha. This value represented 1%–7% of the total biomass (10–30 t/ha) consumed during the experimental fires. We were able to classify the chemical composition of 77%–90% of the mass of particulate fire emissions. Chemical analysis indicated that an average of 8%–17% of the particulate composition was of mineral origin. Carbonaceous aerosols created because of incomplete combustion ranged from 50% to 70% of the total aerosol mass. The fraction of aerosols containing elemental carbon (EC) (i.e., graphite, soot, and charcoal) was 7%–15%. As our samples were taken near the ground surface, these results represent freshly emitted fire aerosols that have not yet had time to react with atmospheric moisture or to undergo postfire chemical or physical–chemical changes. In a typical year, where 12 × 106 – 14 × 106 ha burn in Russia, we estimate that 3 × 106 – 10 × 106 t of particulate matter may be emitted into the atmosphere.

The data on the multielemental composition of atmospheric aerosols for the typical landscapes of Novosibirsk region have been obtained using SR XRF. The peculiarities of seasonal variations in the multielemental composition of atmospheric aerosols in the South of West Siberia have been analyzed.