In this paper, the zeolite molecular sieve was modified by the impregnation method, and the strength and number of acid sites of the molecular sieve were adjusted. The reaction and modification conditions were optimized, and the influence of the modified zeolite on the acylation reaction of 2-methylnaphthalene and propionic anhydride was investigated. The experimental results showed that under the optimal conditions, the catalytic reaction performance of the modified molecular sieve was improved by about 22.7

Membrane technology has been widely used to treat wastewater from a variety of industries, but it also results in a large amount of concentrated wastewater containing organic pollutants after membrane treatment, which is challenging to decompose. Here in this work, a series of perovskite SrFexZr1-xO3-δ catalysts were prepared via a modified co-precipitation method and evaluated for catalytic ozone oxidative degradation of m-cresol. An artificial neural intelligence networks (ANN) model was employed to train the experimental data to optimize the preparation parameters of catalysts, with SrFe0.13Zr0.87O3-δ being the optimal catalysts. The resultant catalysts before and after reduction were then thoroughly characterized and tested for m-cresol degradation. It was found that the co-doping of Fe and Zr at the B-site and the improvement of oxygen vacancies and oxygen active species by reduction dramatically increased TOC removal rates up to 5 times compared with ozone alone, with the conversion rate of m-cresol reaching 100%. We also proposed a possible mechanism for m-cresol degradation via investigating the intermediates using GC-MS, and confirmed the good versatility of the reduced SrFe0.13Zr0.87O3-δ catalyst to remove other common organic pollutants in concentrated wastewater. This work demonstrates new prospects for the use of perovskite materials in wastewater treatment.

Highly efficient and stable catalysts for continuous catalytic ozonation of organic pollutants are of great significance in industrial applications. Perovskites have been seen as promising environmental catalysts because of their tunable defect structures and electronic properties. This work reports on A-site cation stoichiometry deviation as an effective engineering strategy to improve the crystallinity of perovskite CaZrO3, as well as its catalytic ozonation activity. High pure phase Ca1.1ZrO3 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized using a co-precipitation calcination method and evaluated as ozonation catalysts for m-cresol degradation. Surprisingly, Ca1.1ZrO3 exhibits a higher total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate, ozone utilization rate, and conversion rate of m-cresol than the stoichiometric of CaZrO3 and other conventional transition metal catalysts. In addition, Ca1.1ZrO3 shows an almost constant conversion rate of m-cresol (100%) and TOC removal rate (similar to 82%) during uninterrupted 100-h catalytic ozonation m-cresol degradation, demonstrating its excellent catalytic stability. These outstanding catalytic activity and stability toward ozonation are attributed to the synergistic meliorated oxygen octahedron structure, including Zr cation and contiguous coordinated oxygen, by introducing a non-stoichiometry defect into the perovskite. Thus, Ca1.1ZrO3 presents an advanced oxidation process of reactive oxygen species (.OH, O-2(.)- , O-1(2)). These results were verified by in situ X-ray diffraction, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and density functional theory. This work strongly believes that Ca1.1ZrO3 can be an efficient, stable, and an economic catalyst for catalytic ozonation.

Canada's remaining established oil reserves are estimated at 167.7 billion barrels, of which 97% is found in oil sands. Refineries in Alberta, and many in the US, receive bitumen feedstocks via pipelines for processing into value-added products such as gasoline and diesel fuel. However, pipeline specifications require that bitumen either be upgraded to a lighter synthetic crude oil (SCO) or be diluted with a solvent to reduce viscosity and enhance density. SCO production is capital intensive and operationally costly and also results in significant greenhouse gas emissions. While adding a diluent to bitumen is not economic, this work addresses current challenges being faced by the oil sands industry and technology opportunities for improving the competitiveness of bitumen in the world market. To this end, the discussion focuses on oil sands distillate, which constitutes similar to 44% of the bitumen. It has been found that this virgin distillate is a premium commodity in terms of diluent savings for pipelining and excellent processability for producing transportation fuels that may require some quality improvements.

This study deals with a systematic investigation of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) performance of a bitumen-derived virgin heavy gas oil (HGO) in the presence of its counterpart from bitumen-derived synthetic crude oil (SCO). The objective is to determine the amelioration effect on yield and product slate by the addition of the premium SCO HGO. The 343–525 °C cut virgin bitumen HGO was obtained from distillation of a raw Athabasca oil sands bitumen. It was then blended with different amounts of the 343 °C+ fraction of commercial SCO. Four HGO blends were prepared containing 75, 64, 61, and 48 v% of SCO HGO. Each HGO blend, as well as 100% SCO HGO, were catalytically cracked at 500 and 520 °C using a bench-scale Advanced Cracking Evaluation (ACE) unit. The results show acceptable FCC performance of bitumen virgin HGO when an adequate amount of SCO HGO is added. However, the resulting liquid product may need some quality improvement before use. Several observations, including catalyst poisoning by feed nitrogen and the refractory nature of virgin HGO, are evident and help to explain some observed cracking phenomena.

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Ca-Zr复合材料,探究了不同的焙烧温度对材料结构和化学性质的影响.使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及高分辨透射电镜等分析手段表征了所制备样品的物相变化和颗粒形貌特征,以间甲酚为底物,采用臭氧催化氧化方法对所得催化剂的催化性能进行了分析.结果 表明:当焙烧温度升高到1 000℃以上时,样品晶型以斜方晶系CaZrO3为主,随着焙烧温度的升高,颗粒更加均匀分散.在催化臭氧氧化降解间甲酚实验中,当焙烧温度为800℃时,TOC去除率最高可达到79％.800℃焙烧所得的样品由纳米颗粒组成,晶格间距为0.29 nm,说明样品的高暴露晶面为CaZrO3的(121)晶面;XPS结果证实了样品的高活性可能是由晶格氧和表面羟基基团起重要作用而导致的.这种高效的纳米钙锆复合材料为催化臭氧氧化处理废水奠定了良好的基础.

Coprocessing of bitumen-derived feeds and biomass through a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) route has the potential to assist in the reduction of fuel and petroleum product carbon footprints while meeting government regulatory requirements on renewable transportation fuels. This approach is desirable because green house gas (GHG) emissions for producing renewable biofuels are significantly lower than those for fossil fuels, and coprocessing can be executed using existing refining infrastructure to save capital cost. The present study investigates the specific FCC performances of pure heavy gas oil (HGO) derived from oil sands synthetic crude, and a mixture of 15 v% canola oil in HGO using a commercial equilibrium catalyst under typical FCC conditions. Cracking experiments were performed using a bench-scale Advanced Cracking Evaluation (ACE) unit at fixed weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 8 h(-1), 490-530 degrees C, and catalyst/oil ratios of 4-12 g/g. This work focuses on some cracking phenomena resulting from the presence of oxygen in the blendda lower heat requirement for cracking due to the exothermic water formation, which also entails lower hydrogen yield at a given severity. The distribution of feed oxygen in gaseous and liquid products, the mitigation in GHG emissions, and the technological and economical advantages of the coprocessing option are also discussed. (C) 2018, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

采用沉淀法制备了CeO2-ZrO2-La2 O3/Al2 O3催化剂,评价其CO2气氛下的乙苯脱氢性能,并进行了催化剂的寿命实验,探讨了催化剂的失活和再生.最佳反应条件为:反应温度600℃,进料比CO2∶ EB=10∶1,接触时间163 h·g(cat)/mol(EB),反应100 h后,乙苯转化率由最高值47.4％降为24％.催化剂失活主要原因是过量积炭和催化剂烧结,活性组分Ce4+的还原在CO2气氛下乙苯脱氢反应中并不明显.

Zr and Cr doped CeO2/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by a precipitation method. The catalysts were characterized by technical means such as BET,XRD,SEM and H2-TPR,and the performance of the modified catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with CO2was evaluated. The characterization results showed that the Cr modified catalyst had significantly decreased specific surface area and become seriously agglomerated,and after reaction,the catalyst was relatively high in coke deposition rate,relatively fast in deactivation. Moreover,after modification with Zr,the Zr would enter into Ce lattices to form CeO2-ZrO2solid solution,thereby improving the sintering of the catalyst. Additionally,the catalyst had slightly reduced specific surface area and reducibility and enhanced thermal stability,thus playing a positive role in inhibiting coke deposition. The experimental results showed that the optimal loadings of Zr and Cr were 10%(w) and 3%(w),respectively,and the Zr modified catalyst had better catalytic performance in long-term reaction.

The activity coefficients at infinite dilution (gamma(infinity)(i)), gas-liquid partition coefficients (K-L) of organic solutes (n-alkanes, alkenes, alkyl benzenes, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane, chloromethanes, alcohols and cycloalkene) in the ionic liquid 1-octyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([OMMIM][BF4]) have been measured using the gas-liquid chromatographic method (GLC) at five temperatures (313.15 K-353.15 K). The density of [OMMIM][BF4], as a function of temperature, was determined in atmosphere pressure p = 101.3 kPa. The values of the partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution (H-i-E,(infinity)) were derived from the temperature dependence of the In gamma(infinity)(i) values at a reference temperature T-ref = 298.15 K. The entropies (TrefSi-E-infinity) and Gibbs free energies (G(i)-E,(infinity)) of organic solutes in [OMMIM][BF4] at a reference temperature T-ref = 298.15 K were calculated from the gamma(infinity)(i) values. The Hildebrand's solubility parameters of [OMMIMI[BF4] were determined by the regular solution theory (RST) combined with Flory "combinatorial" equation. The interaction between the IL and the individual solutes can be disclosed and the nature of force for IL was explored by the linear free energy relationship (LFER) analysis. Selectivity (S-ij(infinity)) and capacity (k(j)(infinity)) at infinite dilution at 323.15 K have been determined for n-hexane (i)/benzene (j), cyclohexane (i)/benzene (j). The results were analysed in comparison to literature data for alkylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with [BF4] . (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd.

This study set out to gain a deeper understanding of a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) coprocessing approach using canola oil mixed with bitumen-derived heavy gas oil (HGO), for the production of partially-renewable gasoline, with respect to its composition and quality. The FCC coprocessing approach may provide an alternative solution to reducing the carbon footprint and to meet government regulatory demands for renewable transportation fuels. In this study, a mixture of 15 v% canola oil in HGO was catalytically cracked with a commercial equilibrium catalyst under typical FCC conditions. Cracking experiments were performed using a bench-scale Advanced Cracking Evaluation (ACE) unit at a fixed weight hourly space velocity of 8 h(-1), 490-530 degrees C, and catalyst/oil ratios of 4-12 g/g. The total liquid product samples were injected via an automatic sampler and a prefractionator (to remove +254 degrees C) into a gas chromatographic system containing a series of columns, traps, and valves designed to separate each of the hydrocarbon types. The analyzer gives detailed hydrocarbon types of - 200 degrees C gasoline, classified into paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number up to C-11 (C-10 for aromatics). For a feed cracked at a given temperature, the gasoline aromatics show the highest selectivity in terms of weight percent conversion, followed by saturated iso-paraffins, saturated naphthenes, unsaturated iso-paraffins, unsaturated naphthenes, unsaturated normal paraffins, and saturated normal paraffins. As conversion increases, both aromatics and saturated iso-paraffins increase monotonically at the expense of other components. Hydrocarbon type analysis and octane numbers with variation in feed type, process severity (temperature and catalyst/oil ratio), and conversion are also presented and discussed. (C) 2018, The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.

Delayed coking was simulated in an autoclave with the Liaohe heavy oil as feedstock at 460 ℃ and 500 ℃ separately.The coking rate,gas product composition and liquid product SARA composition (saturated hydrocarbons,aromatics,resin and asphaltene) were investigated with/without coking inhibitor.The morphology of the forming coke samples were characterized by means of polarizing microscope,SEM and XRD.The characterization indicated that,after the coking inhibitor was added,the coke crystal structural parameters,namely layer diameter and average layer distance,were not changed basically,while the coke morphologies were changed.On the coke surface,crease and irregular shape appeared,and pores and rips increased.At the same time,under the reaction temperature of 460 ℃ and 500 ℃,after the addition of coking inhibitor,the methane content in the cracking gas decreased 14.96 percentage point and 11.94 percentage point,and the coking rate decreased 3.06 percentage point and 12.85 percentage point,while the yields of gasoline and diesel oil in the simulated distillation increased,the liquid yields in SARA analysis also increased.

The defoaming and foam inhibiting performance of three kinds of defoamer (silicone oil,poly ether ester,and poly ether modified poly siloxane ) were assessed according to defoaming test standard ASTM E2407;and the influence with respect to dilational modulus,dilational elasticity and dilational viscosity of the simulated foaming system by different defoamers were tested with LB balance. Results showed that the defoamer molecules are adsorbed on the gas/liquid interfacial film,which weaken the elasticity and the strength of the interfacial film,as well as attenuate the thickness of the film;thus result in shortening of foam existing time and finally foam rupture. Under the existing of defoamer molecules,stable foam layer cannot be formed within a certain time period due to the strength weakening of the interfacial film and thus result in the foam inhibiting effect. Within a certain mass fraction range,the higher the mass fraction of the same defoamer,the lower the interfacial film dilational modulus and dilational elasticity,and the better of the performance of defoaming and foam inhibiting. When the mass fraction exceeds a certain value,the interfacial dilational modulus and dilational elasticity essentially keep no change,and the performance of defoaming and foam inhibiting shows no more enhancing. For different types of defoamer,the higher amplitude of reduction capacity of interfacial film dilational modulus and dilational elasticity of the defoamer,the better performance of defoaming and foam inhibiting. Therefore,dilational modulus and dilational elasticity are correlated to defoaming and foam inhibiting performance of the defoamer.

The relationship between the dosage of defoamer agent in simulating oils and its defoaming and antifoaming performance was studied on a self-made experiments equipment.Defoaming and antifoaming performance of polysiloxane,fluoro silicone and polyether-modified polysiloxanes vs the interfacial tension of the simulating oils was related.Results showed that the suitable dosage of the above mentioned defoamers was 35~45 μg/g.At the same dosage condition,polyether-modified polysiloxanes exhibited better defoaming and antifoaming performance.It was found that polyether-modified polysiloxanes defoamers has remarkable effect to decrease the interfacial tension of the simulating oil after addition of the same dosage.The more obvious the defoamers decreasing the interfacial tension of the simulating oil,the more better defoaming and antifoaming performance it has.

A method for the determination of ortho-, meta- and para- isomers of TCP were established. The GC conditons was optimezed, such as decreasing the initial temperature of column oven and rising rate of temperature, and ten isomers of TCP could be absolutely seperated. AB-5MS weak polarity column was selected. The optimized GC conditions were as following: initial temperature of column oven 120℃, temperature rising rate of 3℃/min, final temperature at 300℃. The ortho- ortho- ortho, meta- meta- meta and para- para- para isomers were quantitatively conformed by using its pure substance. The linear correlation index was above 0.999, the detecting linear range was between 0.162 7~0.168 8 mg/L, and the relative standard deviation was less than 5%(n=6). The method has lower detecting linear and higer repeatability and is suitable for the monitoring standards.

Prepared of inorganic polymer coagulant polysilicate ferric (PSF) from sodium silicate and ferrous sulfate,the effect of polymerization temperature on the molecular structure and coagulation properties of PsF were investigated.The results indicated that within a certain range,the temperature promoted the polymerization reaction of silicic acid and strengthened the isomorphous substitution with the skeleton of silicon and iron atoms.X-Ray diffraction(XRD) showed that the monomers interacted with each other to form amorphous polymers.PSF-50 ℃ generated a new complex chemical structure which conduced to the performance of coagulation.

A novel defoamer was synthesized composed of polysiloxane co-modified by fluoroalkyl and polyether. The impacts of the reaction conditions on the conversion of Si-H in polysiloxane were investigated. By response surface analysis based on the above results, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: ratio of the reactants, 1.25: 1; catalyst dosage, 25 mu g/g; reaction temperature, 126 degrees C; and the reaction time, 5.6 h. The conversion achieved was 97.7%. The synthesized defoamer was tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, H-1-NMR, gel-permeation chromatography, etc. The new defoamer has better foam-breaking and - inhibiting performance than the commercial products in the simulated oily system.

The article summarized the modification methods of polyethylene wax.The grafting method obtained high graft rate,which makes it use widely.The oxidation method was relatively less studied,but this study is important.On this basis,the research prospects oxidized polyethylene wax modified in the future.

Inorganic polymer coagulant polymeric ferric silicate was obtained by polymerization of sodium silicate and ferrous sulfate, the species distribution and transformation of iron and silicon in polymeric ferric silicate were studied by means of Fe-Ferron and Si-Mo complexion timed spectrophotometry. The influence of the aging time, Fe/Si molar ratio was investigated. The experimental results show that: with the increasing of aging time, the species of iron in polymeric ferric silicate changes from lower polymer to higher polymer and the process is relatively slow. The morphological transformation of silicon shows different rules; when the molar ratio of Fe/Si is different, ferrosilicon bonding mode is different. Flocculation experiments show that suitable Fe/Si molar ratio and dosage are the key of playing flocculability efficiency by coordination of collaborative charge neutralization, bridging adsorption and flocculation volume sweep relations.

TiO2 nanospheres consisting of flower-like nanopowders were synthesized by a solvothermal method, and Cu/TiO2(T) catalysts were prepared via an impregnation method.