The selective oxidation of H2S under ambient conditions remains a significant challenge due to the simultaneous requirements of efficient activation and controlled sulfur formation. Herein, we report a cooperative catalytic system comprising MgO-CuO nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels (NBCAs) derived from chitosan. The catalyst was fabricated via a freeze-drying-assisted pyrolysis process, yielding uniformly dispersed dual metal oxides within a hierarchically porous carbon framework. Combined experimental characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a synergistic mechanism in which CuO primarily promotes H2S dissociation and O2 activation, and MgO provides a thermodynamically favorable pathway for deep oxidation of elemental sulfur to sulfates. The optimized Mg0.6Cu0.4-NBCA-600 catalyst delivers an exceptional sulfur breakthrough capacity of 5051.4 mg g-1 at room temperature and retains over 75% of its activity after five regeneration cycles. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits stable performance under varying oxygen concentrations and humidity levels, demonstrating high durability and adaptability under realistic operating conditions. These results elucidate the cooperative roles of dual metal oxides in ambient-temperature H2S oxidation and establish a structure-activity-mechanism relationship relevant to the rational design of regenerable desulfurization catalysts with integrated sulfur recovery.

The depolymerization of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has predominantly focused on zinc-based catalysts, benefiting from their stable Lewis acidity derived from unique 3d orbital electronic configurations. In contrast, manganese-based catalytic materials, which share similar electronic structural features, have rarely been explored. This study developed a synergistic catalytic system using MnCl2 & centerdot;4H2O and heterogeneous Mn2O3 for the methanolysis of PET which achieved complete PET conversion within 1 hour at 180 degrees C with a dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) yield of 95.35%. Compared with other catalytic systems for PET depolymerization, the present system uniquely integrates the low-cost and commercially available homogeneous Mn2+ ions and heterogeneous Mn2O3 oxide, combining the capability of rapid methanol activation and PET swelling with the structural stability and ease of recovery inherent to the heterogeneous component. Through systematic in situ and ex situ characterization studies (XRD, XPS, in situ DRIFTS, etc.), it was revealed that the essence of the synergistic effect originates from a dynamic composite active center formed at the interface between Mn2+ and Mn2O3, which efficiently stabilizes key reaction intermediates and promotes product desorption. The Aspen Plus process simulation and economic analysis further validate its industrial potential: despite the introduction of an additional step for homogeneous catalyst recovery, the synergistic system achieves superior product yield and process efficiency, translating into compelling economic advantages and strong commercial viability. In summary, this work establishes a novel homo-heterogeneous catalytic system, offering a strategic approach to develop efficient and scalable solutions for polyester degradation.

S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional systems by enabling efficient charge transfer while preserving strong redox capability. In this study, a novel flower-like In-TiO2@Bi2MoO6 S-scheme heterojunction was developed via a simple hydrothermal synthesis for visible-light-driven photocatalytic desulfurization of H2S. The optimized In-TiO2-0.4@Bi2MoO6 composition (molar ratio of In-TiO2 to Bi2MoO6 = 0.4) achieved complete H2S removal within 120 min under visible-light irradiation, exhibiting outstanding activity, operational stability, and adaptability to various desulfurization conditions. Mechanistic investigations using VB-XPS, UPS, ESR, DRIFTS and DFT calculations confirmed that the S-scheme configuration accelerated photoinduced charge separation, reduced electron migration distances, and maintained a high redox potential, thereby promoting efficient generation of reactive oxygen species for sulfur conversion. The synergistic interaction between In-TiO2 and Bi2MoO6 provides a robust platform for efficient, selective, and durable desulfurization under mild conditions. These findings offer a mechanistic framework for designing next-generation S-scheme photocatalysts for environmental remediation and energy-related applications.

Efficient one-step adsorptive separation of light alkanes (LAs) from natural gas remains a significant challenge in petrochemical processing, particularly in achieving both high selectivity and large adsorption capacity simultaneously. Herein, a family of porphyrin-based microporous metal-organic frameworks, denoted as M-TCPP (M = Al, Ga, In), is reported. These frameworks are enriched with electronegative O and N sites, which enhance host-guest interactions and enable preferential adsorption of multi-C-H bond molecules such as C2H6 and C3H8. Among these, Al-TCPP demonstrates a high specific surface area of 1547.6 m2 g-1, a well-developed micropore volume of 0.602 cm3 g-1, and abundant accessible N and O functional sites. At 298 K and 100 kPa, Al-TCPP exhibits adsorption capacities of 5.3 mmol g-1 for C2H6 and 6.8 mmol g-1 for C3H8, together with IAST selectivities of 19.1 for C2H6/CH4 and 322.3 for C3H8/CH4. Dynamic breakthrough and desorption experiments reveal that Al-TCPP facilitates one-step CH4 purification with a purity exceeding 99.5% and a productivity of 1509.7 L kg-1, while simultaneously enabling the recovery of industrial-grade C3H8 (>= 95%) with a productivity of 62.8 L kg-1. In addition, the framework maintains stable separation performance under humid conditions and demonstrates excellent cycling stability. Theoretical calculations indicate that the N and O sites in Al-TCPP facilitate multiple non-covalent interactions, including C-H & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;O/N, C & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;O-H, and C-H & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;pi interactions, which account for the selective adsorption of larger alkanes. This study not only introduces Al-TCPP as a promising adsorbent for light alkane separation from natural gas but also offers valuable insight into the rational design of MOFs with electronegative functional sites, balancing both adsorption capacity and selectivity.

Efficient oil-water separation remains a major challenge in oily wastewater treatment, highlighting the need for advanced materials that combine superwettability, structural durability, and long-term recyclability. Here, we develop a hierarchical ZOMO-PAA@CuC2O4 NR@CM membrane via sequential chemical oxidation, oxalic acid etching, and spray-coating of ε-Keggin-type Na-ZnM ZOMO nanoparticles within a polyacrylic acid (PAA) matrix. The resulting architecture couples CuC2O4 nanorods with hydrophilic ZOMO-PAA coatings to achieve superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity. Structural characterization confirmed uniform nanoparticle dispersion, high crystallinity, and robust framework integrity. The membrane exhibits ultrafast water spreading (0°), underwater oil contact angles above 150°, and sliding angles as low as 4°, enabling broad-spectrum oil repellence, antifouling, and self-cleaning. The as-prepared membrane efficiently separates both surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized emulsions, including aliphatic and aromatic oils stabilized by cationic, anionic, and non-ionic surfactants, with high water fluxes (1695-2675 L·m-2·h-1 and ~900 L·m-2·h-1, respectively) and separation efficiencies above 99.1%. The membrane further demonstrates chemical stability under acidic, alkaline, and saline conditions, alongside consistent oil-water separation behavior across multiple cycles. These findings establish ZOMO-PAA@CuC2O4 NR@CM as a robust and scalable platform for advanced oily wastewater treatment.

Efficient separation of oil-water emulsion remains a persistent challenge in wastewater treatment, as conventional membranes often suffer from fouling, poor recyclability, and lack of dynamic control. Here, we report a light-triggered thermo-responsive superwetting nanofiber membrane (PPZ@GO) that combines electrospun PNIPAM/PVDF nanofibers with graphene oxide (GO) and in situ grown bimetallic CoZn-ZIF frameworks. In this hybrid design, PVDF provides mechanical robustness, PNIPAM enables reversible thermo-responsive wettability, GO facilitates rapid photothermal heating, and CoZn-ZIF imparts hierarchical roughness and enhanced interfacial functionality. The optimized PPZ@GO-1.0 % membrane exhibits rapid photothermal heating to 48.6 degrees C within 20 s under simulated solar light, enabling reversible wettability switching between underwater superoleophobicity (light off, below LCST) and under-oil superhydrophobicity (light on, above LCST). This dual-mode response allows on-demand separation of both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, achieving fluxes above 2000 L m-2 h-1 and 1000 L m-2 h-1, respectively, with separation efficiencies exceeding 99 %. The membrane further demonstrates excellent antifouling resistance, mechanical durability, and stable performance across repeated cycles. By integrating photothermal conversion with thermo-responsive switching in a nanofibrous MOF-polymer scaffold, this work provides a versatile strategy for designing smart, energy-efficient membranes, offering broad potential for next-generation oily wastewater remediation and advanced separation technologies.

Metal doping of TiO2 offers a powerful route to tailoring its band structure and charge carrier dynamics for enhanced photothermal catalytic performance, particularly in degrading malodorous gases such as ammonia (NH3). Here we synthesized W-doped TiO2 via a simple sol-gel method and elucidated the intrinsic link between its electronic structure and NH3 oxidation efficiency. Tungsten incorporation introduced impurity states within the TiO2 bandgap, suppressing electron-hole recombination and boosting charge separation. Concurrently, the valence band was shifted to increase the oxidation potential of photogenerated holes, yielding markedly improved NH3 removal under simulated sunlight. Mechanistic studies revealed a self-heating, thermally assisted photocatalytic pathway, with DRIFTS and DFT analyses confirming that W doping strengthened NH3 adsorption and promoted its degradation through an center dot NH2 intermediate route. These findings highlight a band-structure-driven strategy for optimizing photothermal catalysts in environmental remediation.

Carbon aerogels are emerging as promising functional materials; however, their application in adsorption and energy storage is hindered by the inherently low density of active sites. Herein, ZIF-8/N-doped alginate-derived carbon aerogels (ZSCA) were synthesized via in situ growth of ZIF-8 on freeze-dried alginate aerogel precursors and subsequent treatment of pyrolysis and chemical activation for high-performance CO2 capture and supercapacitor applications. In this strategy, ZIF-8 served as a structural template, alginate provided a biomass-derived carbon source, polyethylenimine (PEI) acted as a nitrogen dopant and a costructure director, and potassium citrate functioned as the activating agent. The optimized ZSCA-550-1 (pyrolyzed at 550 degrees C with an activator-to-precursor mass ratio of 1:1) showed a high specific surface area of 811.34 m2/g, a micropore volume of 0.31 cm3/g, and a nitrogen content of 8.77 wt %. At 273.15 and 298.15 K (1 bar), ZSCA-550-1 achieved excellent CO2 adsorption capacities of 5.96 and 4.40 mmol/g, respectively, outperforming both SA-550-1 (2.79 mmol/g) and ZPC-550-1 (3.20 mmol/g). It also showed high CO2/N2 selectivity (35.0) and retained 94% capacity after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles. As a supercapacitor electrode, ZSCA-650-1 delivered 214 F/g at 1 A/g, with 88.6% capacitance retention over 5000 charge-discharge cycles at 10 A/g. This study introduces a sustainable strategy for the design and engineering of biomass-derived carbon aerogels with dual functionality in CO2 capture and electrochemical energy storage.

Efficient and sustainable separation of oil from water remains a critical challenge in oily wastewater remediation, demanding materials that combine super-wettability, robustness, and recyclability. Here we report a threedimensional chitosan@Cu-MOF (CS@Cu-MOF) aerogel material that unites a biomass-derived polysaccharide with in situ grown Cu-MOF nanostructures to achieve superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic properties. The surface morphology and wettability of the resultant aerogel were optimized by precisely tuning the MOF growth time, yielding exceptional separation performance. The optimized CS@Cu-MOF (40 min) aerogel consistently removed exceeding 99 % of oils from both immiscible oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsions, with a high water permeation flux of 2500 L & sdot;m(-2)& sdot;h(-1) . Crucially, the CS@Cu-MOF aerogel material maintained stable separation performance over 10 consecutive cycles and preserved its excellent underwater superoleophobicity (UWOCA > 150 degrees) even under harsh conditions, including high temperature (120 degrees C) and prolonged immersion in saline solutions. This work establishes a sustainable strategy for engineering biomassderived MOF composites and advances a practical pathway toward high-performance, recyclable materials for oily wastewater treatment.

The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) offers a sustainable pathway for simultaneous denitrification and ammonia production. However, achieving high conversion efficiency at low nitrate concentrations remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a pulsed potential-assisted CuCo@TiO2 catalyst that enables efficient eNO3RR performance, achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 91.5% (Ec = -0.6 V vs. RHE) and an NH3 yield rate of 2.3 mg h- 1 cm- 2 (Ec = -0.7 V vs. RHE) in a 10 mM nitrate electrolyte. After 6 h of electrolysis, the system achieves 94.8% nitrate removal and 85.4% nitrogen-to-ammonia conversion. Finite element analysis (FEA) demonstrates that pulsed potential enhances interfacial ion transport and fosters local nitrate enrichment, thereby improving nitrate adsorption and reaction kinetics. Combined XPS, work function, and in-situ XAFS analyses confirm a strong metal-support interaction between CuCo and TiO2, leading to partial oxidation of Cu (Cu delta+) and electron redistribution between Cu and Co. The XAFS results demonstrate that Co incorporation stabilizes the locally oxidized Cu-O species, enhances Cu 3d-O 2p hybridization, and suppresses Cu aggregation under reductive potentials. In-situ FTIR and DFT demonstrate that CuCo sites promote NO3 -adsorption, while Co sites facilitate water dissociation and stabilize *H, accelerating intermediate hydrogenation. Moreover, in-situ Raman spectroscopy identifies the formation of Cu delta+ species, further promoting NO3 -activation and intermediate adsorption. This integrated strategy of bimetallic interface design and pulsed potential regulation offers a promising route toward efficient and selective nitrate-to-ammonia conversion under environmentally relevant conditions.

Ultramicroporous MOFs capable of simultaneously separating C2H6/C2H4 and C2H2/CO2 mixtures remain rare due to the stringent requirements on pore confinement and adsorption-site distribution. Here, we report a dual-ligand engineered porphyrin-based framework, Zn-TCPP-mtz, constructed from Zn2+ nodes, tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP), and 5-methyl-1H-tetrazole (mtz). The incorporated mtz ligands bridge adjacent porphyrin layers and, together with interlayer hydrogen-bonding interactions, result in a compact stacking arrangement featuring 1D ultramicropores (7.2 × 4.8 Å2) decorated with N/O functional sites and hydrophobic methyl groups. This tailored pore environment enables Zn-TCPP-mtz to adsorb 2.63 and 2.56 mmol g-1 of C2H6 and C2H4, respectively, as well as 3.14 and 1.89 mmol g-1 of C2H2 and CO2 at 298 K and 1 bar, achieving selectivities of 1.5 for C2H6/C2H4 and 3.1 for C2H2/CO2. Dynamic breakthrough experiments confirm one-step production of high-purity C2H4 (>99.9%) and C2H2 (>99.5%) with productivities of 3.0 and 16.3 L kg-1, respectively. DFT calculations reveal that the ultramicroporous channels provide well-defined interaction sites that stabilize C2H6 over C2H4 and C2H2 over CO2 through multiple dispersion-dominated contacts. This study demonstrates that the dual-ligand strategy can be extended to construct porphyrin-based frameworks with controlled pore architectures and stable adsorption environments, enabling the integration of multiple C2 gas separations within a single material platform.

ABSTRACT Ultramicroporous MOFs capable of simultaneously separating C 2 H 6 /C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 2 /CO 2 mixtures remain rare due to the stringent requirements on pore confinement and adsorption‐site distribution. Here, we report a dual‐ligand engineered porphyrin‐based framework, Zn‐TCPP‐mtz, constructed from Zn 2+ nodes, tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP), and 5‐methyl‐1H‐tetrazole (mtz). The incorporated mtz ligands bridge adjacent porphyrin layers and, together with interlayer hydrogen‐bonding interactions, result in a compact stacking arrangement featuring 1D ultramicropores (7.2 × 4.8 Å 2 ) decorated with N/O functional sites and hydrophobic methyl groups. This tailored pore environment enables Zn‐TCPP‐mtz to adsorb 2.63 and 2.56 mmol g −1 of C 2 H 6 and C 2 H 4 , respectively, as well as 3.14 and 1.89 mmol g −1 of C 2 H 2 and CO 2 at 298 K and 1 bar, achieving selectivities of 1.5 for C 2 H 6 /C 2 H 4 and 3.1 for C 2 H 2 /CO 2 . Dynamic breakthrough experiments confirm one‐step production of high‐purity C 2 H 4 (>99.9%) and C 2 H 2 (>99.5%) with productivities of 3.0 and 16.3 L kg −1 , respectively. DFT calculations reveal that the ultramicroporous channels provide well‐defined interaction sites that stabilize C 2 H 6 over C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 2 over CO 2 through multiple dispersion‐dominated contacts. This study demonstrates that the dual‐ligand strategy can be extended to construct porphyrin‐based frameworks with controlled pore architectures and stable adsorption environments, enabling the integration of multiple C 2 gas separations within a single material platform.

Efficient one-step adsorption separation of light hydrocarbons (LHs) from methanol-to-olefin products and natural gas is highly desirable in the petrochemical industry. However, designing adsorbents that simultaneously achieve high selectivity and capacity remains a critical challenge. Here, we report a microporous Zn-based metal-organic framework (MAC-4-F) decorated with electronegative O, N, and F trifunctional sites, which markedly enhance host-guest interactions for the selective recognition of multi-C-H-bond gases such as C3H6 and C3H8. The well-defined pore environment (∼4.2 Å) and high surface area (1295.8 m2·g-1) endow MAC-4-F with outstanding adsorption capacities of 5.0 and 4.7 mmol·g-1 for C3H6 and C3H8, respectively, at 298 K and 100 kPa, together with high IAST selectivity values of 9.8 (C3H6/C2H4), 15.4 (C2H6/CH4), and 91.6 (C3H8/CH4). Dynamic breakthrough-desorption experiments further confirm its ability to produce high-purity C2H4 (46.9 L·kg-1) and enrich C3H6 (13.3 L·kg-1) in a single step, as well as recover high-purity CH4 (349.5 L·kg-1) and C3H8 (18.6 L·kg-1) from light alkane mixtures. Moreover, MAC-4-F exhibits excellent moisture stability and recyclability. Theoretical calculations reveal that the N-O-F sites reinforce multiple interactions (C-H···F/O/N, C···O-H, and C-H···π) with target molecules. Overall, this work demonstrates MAC-4-F as a highly competitive dual-function adsorbent for olefin or alkane separation from LHs, while providing new insights into the design of MOFs with electronegative-rich functional sites to overcome the capacity-selectivity trade-off in LH separation.

Ammonia is an essential chemical feedstock and a promising hydrogen energy carrier, motivating the development of efficient ammonia synthesis catalysts. However, scaling relations fundamentally limit conventional transition metal-based catalysts, rendering strongly N2-binding metals such as Mn ineffective due to sluggish hydrogenation. Herein, we demonstrate that atomically dispersed Mn (Mn1) anchored on the ternary hydride LiBaH3 (LiBaH3─Mn1) enables efficient ammonia synthesis via an H- ion-assisted N2 dissociation mechanism. The MgO supported LiBaH3─Mn1 catalyst (LiBaH3─Mn1/MgO) exhibits an ammonia synthesis rate two orders of magnitude higher than that of manganese nitride and exceeds the benchmark Cs─Ru/MgO catalyst by a factor of 2.5 at 400°C, representing a state-of-the-art performance among group 4-7 transition metal-based catalysts. Mechanistic investigations reveal that Mn1 serves as the active site for N2 adsorption, while H- ions from LiBaH3 further activate the adsorbed *N2 through a reductive protonation process to form *N2H intermediates. Subsequent N─N bond cleavage of *N2H yields surface nitride (Mn─N) and imide (*NH) species on the LiBaH3─Mn1 surface. This H- ion-assisted N2 dissociation pathway fundamentally overcomes the intrinsic limitations of bulk Mn, transforming it into an efficient metal for ammonia synthesis.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) has emerged as a promising alternative to the energy-intensive and carbon-intensive Haber–Bosch process for green ammonia synthesis. However, the intrinsic complexity of the eight-electron transfer pathway and inevitable competing side reactions limit the activity and selectivity of eNO3RR. Maximizing the utilization of active sites and ensuring structural stability in electrocatalysts are essential for promoting surface proton-coupled electron transfer and improving Faradaic efficiency. Herein, we present a copper metal–organic framework (Cu-MOF)-derived electrocatalyst synthesized via in situ electrosynthesis on copper foam, using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a structure-directing agent, followed by electroreduction to produce a self-supported, nano-dendritic structure. This three-dimensional architecture exposes abundant active sites and facilitates electron transport, enabling efficient nitrate-to-ammonia conversion. The optimized CTAB-assisted electrode achieves an ammonia yield of 14.33 ± 0.61 mg h−1 cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 90.95 ± 2.28% at −1.7 V versus Ag/AgCl. This study introduces a versatile design strategy for copper-based electrocatalysts that integrates structural stability with high activity, offering a sustainable approach for both ammonia production and nitrate remediation.

ABSTRACT Ammonia is an essential chemical feedstock and a promising hydrogen energy carrier, motivating the development of efficient ammonia synthesis catalysts. However, scaling relations fundamentally limit conventional transition metal‐based catalysts, rendering strongly N 2 ‐binding metals such as Mn ineffective due to sluggish hydrogenation. Herein, we demonstrate that atomically dispersed Mn (Mn 1 ) anchored on the ternary hydride LiBaH 3 (LiBaH 3 ─Mn 1 ) enables efficient ammonia synthesis via an H − ion‐assisted N 2 dissociation mechanism. The MgO supported LiBaH 3 ─Mn 1 catalyst (LiBaH 3 ─Mn 1 /MgO) exhibits an ammonia synthesis rate two orders of magnitude higher than that of manganese nitride and exceeds the benchmark Cs─Ru/MgO catalyst by a factor of 2.5 at 400°C, representing a state‐of‐the‐art performance among group 4–7 transition metal–based catalysts. Mechanistic investigations reveal that Mn 1 serves as the active site for N 2 adsorption, while H − ions from LiBaH 3 further activate the adsorbed *N 2 through a reductive protonation process to form *N 2 H intermediates. Subsequent N─N bond cleavage of *N 2 H yields surface nitride (Mn─N) and imide (*NH) species on the LiBaH 3 ─Mn 1 surface. This H − ion‐assisted N 2 dissociation pathway fundamentally overcomes the intrinsic limitations of bulk Mn, transforming it into an efficient metal for ammonia synthesis.

The development of efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) degradation under visible light remains a critical challenge due to constraints in light absorption efficiency and rapid electron-hole recombination. In this study, a novel dual S-scheme ternary heterojunction photocatalyst, In-TiO2@BiOBr@In-TCPP (IBP), was synthesized via a hydrothermal method for high-performance H2S desulfurization. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the successful formation of the heterostructure, where In-TiO2 facilitated spontaneous H2S dissociation, BiOBr served as an efficient electron transport medium, and In-TCPP extended the light absorption spectrum to 1200 nm. The optimized IBP-3 demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving complete H2S degradation (100 %) within 120 min under visible light irradiation and retaining over 70 % efficiency even after 8 h of continuous operation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the synergistic integration of In-TiO2, BiOBr, and In-TCPP enhanced visible light utilization, suppressed charge carrier recombination, and promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via internal electric fields (IEF) and S-scheme charge transfer pathways. This study not only presents the rational engineering of multi-component systems for designing advanced heterojunction photocatalysts to address industrial desulfurization challenges, but also emphasizes the potential of tailored heterostructures in advancing sustainable environmental remediation technologies.

Ammonia (NH3) is an odor gas pollutant which has serious harm to the environment and human health. The development of advanced adsorbents to remove NH3 is of great significance. Herein, a new adsorbent for NH3 adsorption with high efficiency was prepared by in-situ growth of Zn-MOF-5 on the KMnO4-activated waste corncob-derived porous biochar (KCB). The optimized M0.6K0.1CB-400 sample was obtained by optimizing the mass ratio of KMnO4 to corncob at 0.1, activation temperature at 400 °C, and the dosage ratio of Zn-MOF-5 to porous biochar at 0.6. The M0.6K0.1CB-400 demonstrated an excellent NH3 adsorption capacity of 6.88 mmol/g at 298.15 K and 1 bar, exhibiting a fast adsorption kinetics with 94 % of the equilibrium adsorption capacity reached in just 10 min. The M0.6K0.1CB-400 composite demonstrated good regeneration functionality by maintaining a NH3 removal capacity of 3.44 mmol/g after 6 regeneration cycles. Based on the thermodynamic and kinetic analyses, along with characterization of the chemical composition and physical structure of the NH3-adsorbed samples, the adsorption process of MKCB on NH3 was proven to involve a combination of physical and chemical adsorption. This study introduces a novel method for synthesizing MOF-modified biochar as a highly efficient NH3 adsorbent, offering new insights into the underlying mechanisms of gas purification.

The state-of-the-art carbon electrodes with superior conductivity and specific surface area are essential for electrochemical energy storage. Herein, we propose a strategy for synthesizing graphitized porous N-doped carbon (PGPNC) via potassium persulfate-induced chitosan crosslinking coupled with iron-catalyzed activation. The chitosan-derived polymers form an interconnected carbon framework, while uniformly dispersed iron species promote the development of well-defined pore channels and facilitate the stacking of graphitic layers during pyrolysis. This approach effectively addresses the trade-off between achieving a large specific surface area and maintaining high electrical conductivity in carbon materials. The alkali-ion (Li+, Na+, K+) storage mechanisms reveal that larger cations (K+) with smaller hydrated radii exhibit enhanced ion-diffusion kinetics, whereas smaller cations (Li+) with extended hydration shells experience pronounced steric hindrance within the Stern layer. Given the limitation, the intercalation behavior of the Li+ ions in the carbon layers are further investigated by ex-situ Raman spectroscopy. The optimized PGPNC-2 electrode demonstrates a high specific capacitance of 325.1 F g- 1 at 0.5 A g- 1 in 6 M KOH. Moreover, a symmetrical supercapacitor assembled with the optimal electrodes achieves an energy density of 15.19 Wh kg- 1 at a power density of 250.13 W kg- 1, while retaining 92 % of its initial capacitance after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles.

The corrosion of magnesium (Mg) alloys is detrimental to marine ships, pipelines, transportation, etc. Although superhydrophobic surfaces can effectively protect against corrosion by maintaining an air gap between the solid structure and corrosive media, their long-term corrosion resistance remains limited due to the intrinsic properties of the base materials. Herein, we developed a novel superhydrophobic composite coating with superior corrosion resistance by spraying a mixture of superhydrophobic particles, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS)-modified ZnO nanosheet-decorated diatomite (ZnO@DME/HDTMS), and epoxy resin (E51) onto the surface of AZ31B Mg alloy. The resulting ZnO@DME/HDTMS composite coating exhibited outstanding stability and retained its superhydrophobicity over a wide temperature range (0–200 °C). Moreover, the coating demonstrated excellent adhesion and mechanical robustness in tape-peeling and friction tests. Compared to coatings without superhydrophobic particles, the ZnO@DME/HDTMS composite coating showed significantly lower corrosion rates and enhanced overall corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt