游离脂肪酸受体(free fatty acid receptors,FFARs)是一系列由游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids,FFAs)及其衍生物激活的孤儿G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors,GPCRs).GPCRs作为跨膜受体,参与了多种疾病的发生发展过程,为这些疾病提供了广泛的治疗靶点.FFARs结合FFAs后主要参与胰岛素等内分泌激素分泌、脂肪细胞分化、炎症反应、自身免疫反应等过程,是能量代谢紊乱和免疫疾病的潜在治疗靶点.但近年研究表明,FFAs及其受体FFARs还可直接或通过脑-肠轴广泛参与神经炎症、神经免疫等反应,有望成为多发性硬化、阿尔茨海默病(Al-zheimer's disease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)、抑郁症等疾病治疗的靶点.本文就FFARs在神经系统疾病中作用的研究进展作一综述.

目的 探讨抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)通过清除细胞内活性氧(ROS)对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231迁移能力的影响.方法 采用不同浓度梯度的NAC作用于人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231,划痕实验检测肿瘤细胞迁移能力,Western blotting法检测Vimentin和E-cadhrein表达水平,流式细胞技术检测细胞内ROS含量.结果 随着NAC处理浓度的增加,MDA-MB-231细胞迁移能力逐渐减弱(P＜0.05);MDA-MB-231细胞E-cadhrein的表达增加(P＜0.05),Vimentin的表达降低(P＜0.05);MDA-MB-231细胞内ROS含量降低(P＜0.05).结论 抗氧化剂NAC通过清除细胞内ROS影响细胞迁移能力.

目的:基于Wnt/β-catenin途径探索苦参碱抑制人宫颈癌细胞系Caski细胞侵袭迁移的分子机制.方法:Caski细胞用不同浓度苦参碱处理后,MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制情况;Transwell小室侵袭迁移实验检测细胞侵袭迁移情况;ELISA法检测细胞基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的分泌变化;实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞糖原合成酶激酶3β(glycogen synthase kinase 3β,GSK-3β)、Wnt2B蛋白的表达情况;免疫蛋白印迹检测细胞β连环蛋白(β-catenin)、磷酸化β连环蛋白(p-β-catenin)含量.结果:苦参碱对Caski细胞的增殖具有抑制作用(P＜0.05),且呈现时间、浓度依赖性;苦参碱抑制Caski细胞的侵袭迁移率(P＜0.05),对Caski细胞分泌MMP-9、VEGF的能力具有显著抑制作用(P＜0.05);苦参碱可显著降低Caski细胞Wnt2B mRNA的表达及β-catenin的蛋白含量,增加Caski细胞中GSK-3β mRNA的表达和p-β-catenin的蛋白含量.结论:苦参碱通过促进Caski细胞Wnt/β-catenin通路中GSK-3β mRNA表达,提高p-β-catenin蛋白含量,降低Wnt2B mRNA表达、β-catenin蛋白含量以及Caski细胞内MMP-9、VEGF的分泌,进而抑制Caski细胞的侵袭迁移.

In the recent years, an increasing number of loess landslides were triggered due to extreme climate. The initiation of loess landslides was related to water, including surface water and groundwater, landform, geologic structure, and other factors. Both surface water and groundwater significantly affect loess landslides. Rainfall and irrigation provide plenty of water to loess, creating surface water and groundwater. Surface water flows on the surface of a loess, infiltrating into loess at the same time. The infiltration of surface water transforms loess from an unsaturated state to a saturated state in the loess plateau. The weight of slope mass increases due to the increase in water content of loess. Therefore, the loess slope mass bears shear force and seepage stress at the same time, and the deformation of loess gradually increases with time. More attention should be paid to seepage stress during the infiltration. The fabric inside loess is damaged because of shear force and seepage stress. The presence of seepage stress makes the failure mode different from the shear mode in loess. Eventually, a loess landslide forms as the deformation exceeds the bearing capacity. In this study, the 4.29 landslide in Heifangtai was selected for the purpose of research. Based on field investigation, 60 undisturbed samples from the backwall of landslide were used to conduct triaxial tests. To simulate the shear behavior of saturated loess under seepage shear, loading rates of 0.5, 0.1, and 0.05 mm·min-1 were used and the effect of loading rate on shear strength was identified. Moreover, water heads of 0, 1, 2, and 5 m were set to study the effect of water head on shear strength with loading rates of 0.1 mm·min-1. The stress-strain curve shows obvious strain hardening under seepage shear. Loading rate slightly affects the stress-strain relationship of loess during the seepage shear. In contrast, an increasing water head rapidly decreases the shear stress of loess. The cohesion of loess decreases by 5.24%-63.35% due to seepage shear. Further, the strength correction formula for a loess under the seepage shear condition is obtained by fitting the existing strength index. Fitting performance is evaluated following the fitting process. An empirical equation could be used in geotechnical engineering when seepage shear is considered.

In China, the incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) has been greatly increasing in recent years.Lycopene, as a family member of carotenoids , can exhibit a strong antioxidant activity.Studies have shown that lycopene exerts anti -pros-tatic hyperplasia or anti -prostate cancer activity through anti -oxida-tion, inhibition of cell proliferation , and affecting the expression of rela-ted genes and proteins.This article aimed to objectively review the basic and applied research advances of lycopene in the prevention and treat-ment of BPH and PCa, thus, to provide a theoretical reference for the complementary or alternative therapy of prostate disease and facilitating further research on this topic.

Objective To evaluate the role of GABAA receptors in sevoflurane-induced inhibition of the discharge activities of inspiratory neurons in the medullary respiratory center of neonatal rats.Methods The medulla oblongnta slices of neonatal rats (aged 0-4 days) including the medial region of the nucleus retrofacialis with the hypoglossal nerve rootlets retained were prepared.The slices were perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF),and the activity of the inspiratory neurons in the medial region of the nucleus retrofacialis and the respiratory rhythmical discharge activity of the hypoglossal nerve rootlets were simultaneously recorded using microelectrodes and suction electrodes,respectively.The ACSF,5％ sevoflurane,GABAA receptor blocker bicuculline 10 μmol/L and combination of 5％ sevoflurane and 10 μmol/L bicuculline were added to the perfusion liquid after the discharge activity was stable.The respiratory cycle (RC),inspiratory time (TI),integral amplitude (IA) and changes in peak frequency (PFn) of the inspiratory neurons were recorded.Results Compared with that after giving ACSF,RC was significantly prolonged,TI was shortened,and IA and PFn were decreased after giving sevoflurane,and RC was significantly shortened,IA and PFn were increased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in TI after giving bicuculline (P＞ 0.05).Compared with that after giving sevoflurane,RC was significantly shortened,TI was prolonged,and IA and PFn were increased after giving sevoflurane and bicuculline (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane inhibits the discharge activities of inspiratory neurons through GABAA receptors in the medullary respiratory center of neonatal rats.

Suction is a decisive factor to control the state of unsaturated soils. The filter paper method is an indirect method for measuring suction, which has the advantages of low cost, large measuring range and high precision. The soil samples are collected from a loess-mudstone landslide in Tianshui, Gansu Province. The strength of soil samples is very sensitive to change of soil water content, so the study on the properties of unsaturated soils of the sliding soil is essential. The equilibrium time of the filter paper is measured under wet and dry conditions. Then, the samples are tested by double-circle 203 and Whatman No. 42 filter papers under dry and wet conditions. The contact and Non-contact methods are used to measure the matrix suction and total suction respectively. The lower suction value of this kind of soil is determined by analyzing and comparing the moisture content of filter papers in low suction section. The Oringin software is used to fit the matrix suction curve of the samples, and the corresponding fitting parameters and equation are determined so as to provide a reference for further study and treatment of the landslide.

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(renal angiomyolipoma,RAML)作为一种常见的肾良性肿瘤,有多种治疗方式,包括保守治疗、药物治疗、微创介入治疗(消融术、肾动脉栓塞术)以及手术治疗(肾切除术和保留肾单位手术),均有良好疗效.近年来新的技术理念层出不穷,大于4cm肿瘤不主张早期干预,雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)抑制剂治疗结节硬化症(tuberous sclerosis,TS)取得显著效果,手术治疗新技术不断发展,微创介入治疗适应证更加宽泛,本文就以上进展进行综述以期指导临床.

Objective To provide a comprehensive meta?analysis of the extent of the possible association between hypoxia?inducible factor 1α(HIF?1α) and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods Such databases including PubMed,The Cochrane Library,EMBASE,CNKI,and VIP Database were searched from inception to May 1st 2016,for studies about the association of the clinical significance and prognostic value of HIF?1αexpression in PCa. Then,meta?analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The NOS scale was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Results Nineteen relevant studies,which had a total of 1 503 patients enrolled,involving 1 125 PCa,378 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). The results of meta?analysis showed that:HIF?1α protein expression was higher in PCa group than that in BPH group(OR=14.30,95%CI 7.41~27.60). The results of the meta?analysis showed significant associations between HIF?1αprotein expression and higher tumor stage(C+D andⅢ+Ⅳ),high tumor grade or positive <br> lymph node metastatic status,respectively,the combined ORs and 95%CI were as follows:OR=8.51,95%CI 4.90~14.80;OR=4.93,95%CI 2.84~8.57;OR=5.53,95%CI 3.74~8.18;OR=7.09,95%CI 3.87~12.98. There was no significant association between HIF?1α protein expression and age(>65 vs. ≤65),the combined OR and 95%CI were OR 1.66,95%CI 0.86~3.20. Additionally,significant correlations between HIF?1α protein expression and survival outcome(progression?free survival and metastasis?free survival)were also observed in PCa patients,the combined OR and 95%CI were OR 0.37,95%CI 0.17~0.81;OR 9.80,95%CI 1.50~63.86. Conclusion The present results indicate that over?expression of HIF?1αis distinctly correlated with an increased risk and poorer survival in PCa patients. HIF?1αmay serve as a valuable biomarker for prognosis in PCa patients.

文中实验测试了YBCO涂层导体在77K(液氮)、自场环境、不同轴向拉伸应变情况下的Ⅴ-Ⅰ特性曲线,并获得相应的n值.接着,通过对实验数据的拟合建立了一种理论模型,对不同应变下的Ⅴ-Ⅰ特性曲线进行了修正,模型修正的结果很好的反映了在实际不同应变情况下的Ⅴ-Ⅰ特性曲线变化特征.在此基础上,建立了这种材料n值和应变之间的理论模型,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好.最后,考虑到YBCO涂层导体的n值在材料的弹性区受轴向拉伸应变的影响很小,给出了YBCO涂层导体临界电流与轴向拉伸应变的理论预测模型.通过与实验数据的对比,该理论模型可准确预测任意应变状态下YBCO涂层导体的Ⅴ-Ⅰ特性曲线和所对应的n值及其在弹性区的临界电流.

目的：评价MainzⅡ型膀胱术式可控性尿流改道的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院采用MainzⅡ型膀胱术式治疗膀胱癌患者15例。术中取直肠和乙状结肠交界为中点“N”形折叠乙状结肠约25cm，对系膜缘剖开，从直肠和乙状结肠连接处对折双层缝合成贮尿囊后壁，左右输尿管分别与乙状结肠和直肠吻合，双层缝合前壁建成MainzⅡ贮尿囊。结果：15例手术均获成功，11例存活，4例因远处转移死亡。手术时间300～360min，输血400～800ml。随访3~12月，术后2个月大便均成形。可蹲式排尿4～8次/天，夜间1～3次/天，尿控效果好，无尿失禁。未发生明显酸碱平衡紊乱、肾功能损害及上尿路感染、上尿路结石、吻合口狭窄等并发症。结果：MainzⅡ型膀胱术并发症低、尿控效果好，术后生活质量较高，是一种快速、安全并简单易行的尿流改道方法。

目前,由于制作工艺的限制,可生产的YBCO涂层导体(2G)的最大长度低于1km,而其在工程应用中需要的长度远远大于可生产长度,因此,针对超导接头技术开展相关研究具有重要的意义.提出了一种测试YBCO涂层导体焊接接头电流分布的试验方法.利用这种方法,分别对3cm,5cm,6cm,8cm,10cm 5种不同长度接头电流和电阻分布进行了测试,并用一个理论模型与实验结果进行了比较.结果显示:接头上下两层带材之间的电流流动大部分是在端点附近完成的;另外,接头电阻是由上下两层带材之间的电流流动引起的,并且主要是由端点处的电流流动决定的.

Objective To observe the autophagy induced by heavy ion and X-ray radiations in SW480 cells and its effect in radiation responses.Methods The cellular ultrastructure was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The autophagy vesicles were labeled by monodansylcadaverin (MDC) fluorescence.The levels of LC3 which were induced by radiation and rapamycin were measured by Western blot assay.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.The invasion of SW480 colon cells was measured with a Transwell.Cell wound healing assay was used to observe the migration of SW480 colon cells.Results Heavy ion and X-ray radiation could induce autophagy in SW480 cells in a dose dependent manner i.e., the autophagy level increased along with irradiation dose (F =458.526, P ＜ 0.05) , but this induction of autophagy was inhibited by chloroquine.Rapamycin could also induce autophagy in SW480 cells and it had a synergistic effect with irradiation (F =189.393, P ＜ 0.05).The abilities of invasion, migration and proliferation of SW480 cells were reduced by irradiation and the combination treatment of irradiation and rapamycin (F =194.692, 629.917, 302.903, P ＜ 0.05) , but they were enhanced by chloroquine (F =194.692, 629.917, 302.903, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ionization radiation causes cell death by inducing autophagy.

The saturation and consolidation status of soil samples is very important in the triaxial test of saturated loess. The vacuum saturation is a common effective way to saturate samples in the test. It is very difficult to saturate the remoulded loess samples by vacuum saturation which may destroy the structure of remoulded loess. So the remoulded loess samples have to be saturated on the triaxial apparatus. A number of saturation tests and consolidation tests are carried on the unsaturated triaxial apparatus of GDS for remoulded loess at Lanzhou. A tee-joint is installed on the triaxial apparetus to cut down the time of saturation test and consolidation test. Also it is a better way to simulate the soils in natural state through up and down to saturate and consolidate. This work contributes to the saturation and consolidation of silty clay in the triaxial test.

Purpose To observe the effects of rapamycin-induced autophagy on the invasion,migration of SW480 colon cancer cells and to investigate the possible mechanism. Methods The autophagy vesicles were detected by monodansylcadaverin( MDC) fluorescence. The ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscope( TEM). The level of LC3 induced by rapamycin was detected by Western blotting. The invasion of SW480 colon cells was measured by Boyden chamber. Cell wound healing assay was used to observe the migration of SW480 colon cells. The level of ROS was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results The SW480 colon cells were purified with autophagic vesicle under rapamycin environment and autophagy level also increased in a time-dependent manner.The number of SW480 moving into the second floor was increased under the rapamycin environment( P < 0. 01),while the migration was also improved( P < 0. 05). The production of ROS increased as well. Conclusions Rapamycin can induce autophagy on SW480cell line. For SW480 colon cancer cells,the invasion and migration could be enhanced under the autophagy environment induced by rapamycin. The level of ROS also changes under this environment.

Taking highly compacted Na-bentonite materials of different water content as studying object,the simulated experiments of thermo-hydro coupling were done in a self-developed equipment.Test results indicated that the temperature gradient in bentonite increased with the increase of heat power,and decreased with the increase of moisture and density;the central temperature of buffer material,i.e.the difference that the heater surface temperature subtracts that of radial position,was linearly correlated with heat power.However,slope rate at each point was found in linear correlation with the logarithm of the radial distance.

Objective To explore whether there are suspension tumor spheres in human gastric BGC-823 cells,and investigate the expression of progastrin(Pro-GRP) in the tumor spheres.Methods Adherent cells were cultured by limit diluting and serum-free culture,then the existence of suspended cells that possessed the characteristic of stem cells was identified by colony formation capability assay.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of ABCG2 CD44 and CD166.The expression of Pro-GRP in the tumor spheres and the adherent cells was detected by ELISA,immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.Results The suspended tumor spheres were formed by limit diluting assay serum-free culture.The difference of colony formation was significant between suspended tumor spheres(37.63±5.99) and adherent cells(10.75±3.37)(P<0.01).The expression of ABCG2 in suspended tumor spheres was obviously higher than adherent cells(57.17±3.49 vs 8.67±0.77,P<0.01).The expression of Pro-GRP in suspended tumor spheres was markedly higher than adherent cells(73.37±9.42 vs 5.11±1.03,P<0.01).Conclusion Tumor spheres exist in human gastric BGC-823 cells,and Pro-GRP expression is related to tumor spheres.

目的 研究棘豆生物碱部位药物血清对人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的诱导作用.方法 采用血清药理学方法,选择10％不同剂量组药物血清作为实验组,10％空白血清为对照组,与HepG2细胞共同孵育不同时间,MTT检测细胞活力,Hoechst33342荧光染色观察细胞核变化,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的分布,荧光比色法测定Caspase -3的活性表达.结果 棘豆生物碱部位药物血清能抑制细胞增殖,细胞增殖活性呈时间剂量依赖关系,以高剂量组药物血清作用最强,与阴性对照组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).荧光镜观察10％含药血清组细胞出现染色质凝集、核膜破裂等凋亡特征,流式细胞仪检测高剂量药物血清组作用48 h后G1期细胞比例增多,而其他实验组S期细胞比例增多,与阴性对照组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).荧光比色法测定显示Caspase -3活性随时间延长而升高,以48 h活性达到最高,与对照组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 棘豆生物碱部位药物血清体外能通过抑制HepG2细胞增殖、阻滞细胞周期及上调caspase -3表达诱导人肝癌细胞HepG2凋亡.

Objective To detect the expression of IL-17 and STAT3 in colorectal cancer(CRC) tissue and explore their relation with its clinicopathological features and angiogenesis.Methods Expression of IL-17 and STAT3 in 94 CRC tissue samples and 31 normal intestinal mucosa tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry SP method and microvessel density(MVD) was counted according to the number of CD34-marked microvessels.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that the IL-17 was mainly expressed in cytoplasm and lymphocytes of normal intestinal mucosa tissue samples,and its positive expression rate was significantly higher in CRC tissue samples than in normal intestinal mucosa samples(P<0.01).The expression of IL-17 was related with the CRC cell differentiation and Dukes stage(P<0.05).The expression level of STAT3 was significantly higher in CRC tissue samples than in its adjacent normal tissue samples(P<0.01),which was related to the CRC cell differentiation,lymphatic metastasis and Dukes stage(P<0.05).The expression of IL-17 and STAT3 in CRC tissue samples was related with MVD(P<0.05).Spearman stage correlation analysis showed that the expression of IL-17 was positively related with that of STAT3 in CRC tissue samples(r=0.251,P=0.015).Conclusion Over-expression of IL-17 and STAT3 in CRC tissue may play an important role in the angiogenesis and carcinogenesis of CRC.

Background and purpose:The expression of dickkopf homolog 3 gene (DKK3) is always reduced or absent in tumors,instead part of the tumor vascular endothelial expressed DKK3.vWF is a macromolecular glycoprote synthesized and released by vascular endothelial cells and megakaryocytes.However,vWF was also expressed by tumor.The relationship between these 2 factors and the occurrence of cancer is still unclear.The purpose of this study was to observe the expression of DKK3 and vWF proteins in colorectal carcinoma and determine their clinical significance through finding their association with MVD and correlation with each other.Methods:Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the expression of DKK3,vWF proteins and MVD in the colorectal carcinoma tissue microarrays that contained 94 colorectal carcinoma specimens.Results:The expression of DKK3 in colorectal carcinoma was lower than or nonexistent compared to that in normal tissues (P<0.05).The expression of vWF in colorectal carcinoma was higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.05).Expression of DKK3 and vWF in colorectal carcinoma were not correlated to the age or gender of the patients,invasive depth,or tumor locus of the colorectal carcinoma (P>0.05).Correlations with the expression of DKK3 and vWF in colorectal carcinoma were only found with differentiation and lynphnode metastasis (P<0.05).However,the expression of DKK3 and vWF in colorectal carcinoma was not correlated to MVD (P>0.05).The expression of DKK3 was not correlated to the expression of vWF in colorectal carcinoma (r=0.1310,P=0.2090).Conclusion:A lowered expression of DKK3 and higher expression of vWF may be associated with the carcinogenesis,various biological behaviors and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.These 2 factors can be used as important biological markers for colorectal cancer.