The rapid evolution of the metaverse is transforming economic landscapes and introducing a toolbox for business model innovation (BMI)-a topic that has yet to gain substantial academic focus. Adopting a conceptual development approach, we propose that metaverse business model innovation (MBMI) refers to one in which natural human beings, virtual digital humans, and physically simulated robotics configure decentralized material and virtual resources and conduct scenario-based value-creation activities in a fusion world. Unlike traditional and digital BMI, the metaverse has transformed two broad implications-the amorphous nature of metaspace subjects (actors) and the fusion of virtual and reality (resources and contexts). We categorize the MBMI based on the combination of focal context and focal actors into four types: digital twin interaction, duplicate interaction, mirroring interaction, and immersive interaction models. Each model requires organizations to develop specific capabilities for configuring resources to respond to the dynamic environment. We further illustrate that the digital twin interaction model employs realistic simulation; the duplicate interaction model leverages virtual consumption; the mirroring interaction model benefits from virtual sensemaking; and the immersive interaction model utilizes embodied experience to respond to the dynamic environment. This work lays a foundation for future work in MBMI.

As a departure from previous research that takes social ventures as a distinct organizational type, this study investigates the relationship between the pro-market institutions in a country and the degree of hybridity in social ventures, focusing on the dimension of organizational goals. Additionally, it examines the contingent effects of organizational activities, such as the novelty of market offering and the implementation of social performance measurement. Combining Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data in 2009 and 2015 with other cross-national databases, we test our theoretical predictions using 3648 startup social ventures across 42 countries. We find that pro-market institutions have an inverted U-shaped effect on the degree of hybridity in social ventures. Furthermore, the novelty of market offering and social performance measurement attenuate the impact of pro-market institutions on organizational hybridity by shifting the inverted U-shape to relatively negative and linear. Through this cross-level empirical exploration, we develop a richer explanation of organizational hybridity and contribute to the growing literature on social ventures and hybrid organizations.

Managing a multi-agent supply chain within a hybrid carbon trading framework, which integrates Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) and Carbon Quota Trading (CQT), presents a significant challenge. This complexity is further amplified by the interplay of competition and cooperation among agents. Motivated by this, we develop a biform game-based cooperative mechanism for a two-stage supply chain that includes a high-emission manufacturer, a negative-emission manufacture and a downstream retailer. This mechanism is designed to encapsulate both the non-cooperative and cooperative game elements. The former features a product competition game among the manufacturers and retailer, setting the stage for the cooperative game without directly yielding equilibrium solutions. The latter involves a cost-sharing agreement for the CER project's initial investment, informed by various coalitional zero-sum games. Our analytical findings, corroborated by numerical simulations, reveal that the biform game coordination mechanism significantly enhances the volume of CERs traded and consumer surplus, compared to a non-cooperative scenario. It effectively aligns the collaborative efforts of all agents within the supply chain. This research contributes substantially to the literature on coordinating multi-stage, multi-agent supply chains, and the strategic deployment of emission reduction initiatives in supply chains. It also offers valuable managerial insights for the design of government regulations in carbon markets.

Drawing on the open innovation literature, we examine the relationship between alliances with science-based and market-based partners on the one hand, and impactful and lower-impact innovations, on the other hand. Specifically, we predict that alliances with science-based partners will boost impactful innovations while alliances with market-based partners will boost low-impact innovations. We also examine how the social capital of the Board of Directors moderates these relationships. We base our analyses on a large dataset of Chinese firms constructed from diverse sources and find strong support for our hypothesized relationships. We identify the theoretical and managerial implications of our study.

This study analyzes how Chinese enterprises build and enhance dynamic capabilities during the reform and opening-up period, illustrating the transition from reliance on personal and political relationships in the startup phase to dependence on technology and global market information in the maturity phase. The research indicates that changes in the policy environment are key drivers for the formation of dynamic capabilities. Enterprises must continuously adjust their strategies and relational capital to swiftly adapt to policy changes and maintain competitiveness. This study not only deepens the understanding of the process-oriented theory of dynamic capabilities but also offers new perspectives on the strategic behavior of enterprises in emerging markets, particularly regarding how the dynamics of the institutional environment influence the formation and utilization of dynamic capabilities. The research emphasizes the strategic importance of relational capital and explores how enterprises continuously adjust relational capital to build and enhance dynamic capabilities. The findings provide concrete operational strategies and deep insights for enterprise managers and policymakers, helping them more effectively grasp the key factors of enterprise growth and environmental adaptation.

As social inclusion increasingly relies on technological drivers, digital government transformation (DGT) has been recognized as critical for promoting social inclusion. A growing body of literature has explored the relationship between DGT and the social and political participation of disadvantaged and marginalized groups within social inclusion. However, the impact of DGT on the economic participation of these groups remains unclear. Given that female entrepreneurship is an important representation of the economic participation of disadvantaged and marginalized groups, we utilize a quasi-natural experiment involving the adoption of the city brain and employ panel data from 281 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2020, using a time-varying difference-in-differences model to investigate the impact of DGT on female entrepreneurship. This study reveals that DGT promotes regional female entrepreneurship. Business environment optimization, digital inclusive finance development, and technical talent gathering mediate this effect. The positive impact is further strengthened by the government’s policy attention to entrepreneurship and digital technology. This study clarifies the impact of DGT on the economic participation of disadvantaged and marginalized groups from the perspective of female entrepreneurship, thereby advancing research on the beneficial effects of DGT on social inclusion.

Digital entrepreneurial narratives compensate for the limited interactivity of traditional entrepreneurship narratives. This is achieved by incorporating elements of social entrepreneurship into tangible, real or fictional scenarios, thereby providing immersive experiences for the audience. In this sense, social entrepreneurs construct shared meanings and form socially identifiable values through the joint participation, communication, and value creation of entrepreneurs and audiences. We conceptualized the digital entrepreneurial narrative and proposed documentary and fictional narratives as its most salient features. Then, we explored the effect of these narratives on attentional resources in a digital entrepreneurial narrative from the perspective of sensemaking theory. Based on novel methods of natural language processing and machine learning, the empirical results from an examination of 304 social entrepreneurs who participated in the short-video platforms indicated that both documentary and fictional narratives have a positive impact on the acquisition of attentional resources for social entrepreneurship. Additionally, we found the documentary aspect of digital entrepreneurial narratives attracts attentional resources by fostering a shared sense of meaningfulness. However, the mediating effect is less effective with fictional narratives. Our results broaden the study of entrepreneurial narratives, and also expand the content of social entrepreneurial legitimacy and sensemaking perspectives.

突发公共事件中的社会创新面临极其严峻的资源困境.数字技术重塑了社会创新资源整合过程,为应急资源配置提供了新思路,然而现有研究尚未打开数字技术赋能社会创新的黑箱.本文基于资源编排理论,以疫情期间的中国数字社会创新实践为例,运用扎根方法构建了以"数字技术特征-资源编排方式-设计思维过程-社会创新结果"为作用路径的突发公共事件中的数字社会创新资源编排机制,总结了基于问题的技术开发模式、基于解决方案的场景迁移模式以及基于问题-解决方案的实时迭代与配对模式三种数字社会创新资源编排模式.研究表明,数字社会创新为解决突发公共事件中的社会问题提供了广阔的协作主体、规模化的创新方案以及快速实时的响应机制,打破了传统社会创新的资源约束,实现了社会价值的创造.本文研究深化了数字社会创新的内涵和应用,拓展了资源编排理论的研究边界,同时为创新生态系统研究提供了借鉴,为全球突发公共事件治理研究贡献了中国经验.

以解决复杂社会问题为目标的社会创业活动往往离不开跨部门合作,但现有研究忽视了个体跨部门工作经历对社会创业的影响.通过匹配2015年全球创业观察数据库(GEM)和其他宏观数据库,本文构建了包含36个国家51448个个体的跨层分析数据,并从创业认知视角研究了跨部门工作经历对个体社会创业选择的影响.研究发现:跨部门工作经历能够通过认知调动效应和资源整合效应增强个体社会创业机会识别的敏感度和提高社会创业机会开发的能力,从而促进其社会创业选择;在制度质量较低和文化严格程度较高的国家,跨部门工作经历对社会创业选择的促进作用更为明显.进一步分析表明,不同部门工作经历的组合对个体社会创业选择的影响有所不同.个体创业认知和制度文化共同决定了社会创业选择,这一结果不仅丰富了社会创业选择的前因研究,也为相关社会创业政策制定提供决策参考.

With the continuous deepening of innovation and entrepreneurship education, innovation and entrepreneurship education is faced with the problem of upgrading. The construction of the innovation and entrepreneurship teaching scene is the key to solving “teaching and learning” in the process of upgrading. Based on the translation mechanism of actor-network theory, this paper probes into the three paths of “structure scene, classroom teaching scene and learning mode” to construct the teaching scene of innovation and entrepreneurship, which is a new path to explore the innovation and reform of innovation and entrepreneurship teaching by integrating numeral intelligence technology.

农村女性创业因其性别身份和特殊创业处境,是创业研究领域的重要现象.相较于其他群体,农村女性的创业行动受到更多家庭因素的影响,但对家庭创业资本与农村女性创业之间的关联,目前还缺乏深入的实证研究.通过"中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)"数据,实证分析了家庭创业资本对于农村女性群体创业进入的影响,验证了农村女性创业行为的社会地位提升效果.研究发现,农村女性的家庭创业资本对其创业进入具有显著的正向影响;与农村非创业女性相比,农村女性创业能够提升其社会地位;宗族网络强度和普惠金融水平分别负向和正向调节家庭创业资本对于农村女性创业的影响.研究结论从家庭视角进一步完善了农村女性创业相关研究,从实践方面为优化农村女性创业政策提供了经验证据.

中国式现代化需要扎实的微观基础和可靠的动力机制。为了深入学习贯彻党的二十大精神，全面理解创新创业活动和企业家精神在中国式现代化建设中的重要作用，本刊特邀请七位管理学专家围绕中国式现代化的动力机制撰写笔谈文章，以飨读者。

元宇宙创业是以新一代信息技术集成应用为基础,由计算力、想象力、场景力并行驱动的虚实相生价值创造和占有的新型创业活动.与传统创业和数字创业相比,元宇宙创业具有主体无定形、机会自致性、资源多池化、组织DAO形态以及产出相生性等核心特征.已有的创业理论无法完整解释元宇宙创业的复杂多变和虚实互动现象.本文综合运用身份建构理论、技术具身理论、模拟移情理论和涌现理论,对元宇宙创业进行了初步阐述,在此基础上尝试构建了以虚实相生为核心的元宇宙创业理论框架.该框架认为,元宇宙创业是由个体、技术、场景等前因变量驱动,在对虚拟世界与现实世界的机会和资源的配置中实现价值创造的过程.未来的元宇宙创业研究需要在虚实相生新范式下加强对元宇宙创业的主体身份、技术具身、过程沉浸、系统涌现等方面的研究.作为创业领域的前沿探索,本文填补了已有创业研究的理论缺口,对于推动更广泛的元宇宙创业实践也具有重要的借鉴价值.

New ventures are often short of resources crucial to their survival and development. This research sheds new light on how new ventures can obtain better access to external resources by analysing a survey of a large sample of Chinese private entrepreneurs. We found that by comparison with their non-Buddhist counterparts, Chinese Buddhist entrepreneurs tend to give greater attention to external activities and have a higher chance of gaining sociopolitical legitimacy and therefore have a better chance of accessing external resources such as bank loans. Moreover, the indirect effect on bank loans of the amount of attention allocated to external activities by Chinese Buddhist entrepreneurs is weakened by lower government intervention and better development of intermediary agencies in regions where new ventures are located, largely due to Chinese Buddhist entrepreneurs' reduced reliance on sociopolitical legitimacy to access external resources.

创业在促进经济发展、改善民生和推动社会进步等方面发挥着巨大的作用,但其极高的失败率和所面临的不确定性也阻碍了创业者的创业实践.相比而言,"混合创业"在保留全职他雇工作的同时进行创业,这一创业模式无疑给潜在的创业者提供了一种诱人的选择.个体可以利用全职就业提供的资金资源和人力资本等进行小规模试验,以验证其商业创意的质量和自身的创业能力,在减少创业不确定性的同时降低创业机会成本.利用全球创业观察2016年中国大陆成年人口调查的截面数据进行实证研究,结果表明:个体生存需求型动机和较高的创业相关能力更可能推动个体选择全职创业而不是混合创业;而年龄、教育层次和收入水平等因素则与混合创业选择存在显著正相关关系.因此建议应该尽快将混合创业纳入已有双创支持政策,以便激活更多个体的创新创业活力.

治理体系设计是实现社会企业双重目标的一种复杂制度安排.治理目标的双重性、治理结构的复杂性、治理机制的创新性和治理绩效的双元性是社会企业治理区别于传统商业企业治理的显著特征,也是构建社会企业独特治理体系的重要依据.社会企业治理体系不仅需要遵循利益相关者的多重制度逻辑,框定理事会、执行委员会、内部员工和志愿者等多重主体的基础治理结构,更需要考量影响双重目标实现的各种悖论机制、决策机制、激励机制.基于双重目标导向的社会企业治理体系研究将为未来多重目标导向的混合组织治理提供有益借鉴.