OBJECTIVES:This in vitro study compared the accuracy of conventional impressions (CNVs), photogrammetry (PG), and intraoral scanning (IOS) for recording implant impressions of edentulous segments, ranging from part to complete arches by different evaluation methods. METHODS:The master model for an edentulous maxillary arch was created with six implants (a-f). CNVs, PG, and IOS were used for impressions. Three impression ranges (bcde, bcdef, and abcdef) were chosen for analysis. The best-fit algorithm, absolute linear deviation, and angular deviation were used for evaluation. Trueness and precision were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. RESULTS:The accuracy of multiple implant impressions was significantly influenced by the impression method and impression range (p < 0.05) regardless of the evaluation methods used. At smaller ranges (bcde and bcdef), there was no difference in the trueness of the three impression methods, whereas at a larger range (abcdef), both PG and CNV exhibited similar trueness, which was significantly higher than that of IOS(p < 0.05). The precision of PG was significantly better than that of CNV and IOS in most of cases (p < 0.05). As the range expanded, the trueness and precision of PG and IOS decreased (p < 0.05), whereas the accuracy of CNV remained stable. CONCLUSIONS:In the case of large-range impressions, PG demonstrated a similar degree of trueness and better precision compared with CNVs, whereas the trueness and precision of the intraoral scanning were worse. This indicated that PG might be a promising method for multiple implant impressions.

种植位点充足的骨量与种植治疗的成功及长期稳定密切相关,垂直方向的骨缺损对种植治疗的功能及美学效果具有不利影响.临床中大部分垂直骨增量术式,如引导骨再生、外置法骨移植、钛网技术、内置法骨移植等需要使用骨增量材料达到恢复骨高度的目的.本文对垂直骨增量不同术式中使用的骨增量材料及其效果、优点与局限性做一文献综述,以期为口腔种植治疗临床实践提供决策支持.

目的 探讨显微外科技术在口腔种植科研究生教学中的应用,以提供教学模式新思路.方法 20名种植科研究生分为两组,对照组进行常规切开缝合教学课程,试验组进行显微外科技术切开缝合教学课程.课程结束后,每名学生使用带牙龈的猪头上颌骨模型进行切开缝合操作,教师对学生切开缝合效果进行评分,学生对两次操作课程的满意度进行综合评价.结果 切开缝合效果评分显示,试验组学生缝合得分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);课程满意度综合评价显示,学生对显微外科技术课程的满意度明显高于常规操作课程(100％vs.70％,P<0.05).结论 显微外科技术课程可改善学生的切开缝合操作效果,提高学生对课程的满意度,收获更多的专业技能.

背景:近年来,镁离子良好的促进骨再生的作用已得到了实验和临床的广泛认可,含镁植入材料被广泛应用于骨再生,其促进骨再生的分子机制涉及骨环境中的多种细胞及细胞因子,但尚未完全明晰.目的:文章对镁离子促进骨再生的分子机制作一综述.方法:以"magnesium OR magnesium ion""bone regeneration OR bone repair OR bone repairing OR osteogenesis OR osteanagenesis OR osteanaphysis OR osteoanagenesis""mechanism OR molecular mechanism OR cell mechanism OR signal pathway OR signaling pathway OR endothelial cell OR vascular OR immune"为英文检索词检索PubMed数据库,以"镁、镁离子""骨再生、骨修复、骨愈合、骨重建""机制、分子机制、分子、细胞、信号通路、免疫、血管"为中文检索词检索中国知网和万方数据库.检索时间为建库至2021年12月,按照排除筛选标准纳入文献81篇,对纳入文献进行综述.结果 与结论:①对于间充质干细胞,镁离子显著促进其增殖、迁移与黏附、成骨分化,尤其是既可以通过经典Wnt通路、MAPK/ERK通路等直接促其成骨分化,也可通过促进神经节细胞分泌CGRP、巨噬细胞分泌骨形态发生蛋白等细胞因子间接促进成骨分化.②对于成骨细胞,镁离子主要通过TRPM/PI3K信号通路促进其增殖、迁移与黏附、成骨活性,抑制其凋亡.③对于破骨细胞,镁离子主要通过核转录因子κB信号通路抑制破骨细胞形成及骨吸收活性.④镁离子可调节骨环境中的免疫反应,转化巨噬细胞表型,促进促成骨因子分泌,降低炎症因子分泌,降低炎症反应,同时促进血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移与黏附、成血管能力,促进血管生成.⑤镁离子促进骨再生的分子机制丰富,镁离子可通过对调节免疫反应与血管生成从而改善骨再生微环境的分子机制已成为近年来的研究热点,尤其是巨噬细胞的核转录因子κB通路和H型血管内皮细胞对骨再生的作用,共同为骨再生创造了良好的微环境.⑥镁离子促进骨再生的分子机制丰富,但未来仍需大量研究进一步明晰免疫调节和促血管生成对骨再生的分子机制以及镁离子促进骨再生的适宜浓度.

由于生物样本的不透明性,以及组织深入成像的清晰度和深度不佳,因此大型、厚组织3D成像技术的发展与创新成为近年来的研究热点.组织透明化机技术是通过各种物理或化学的方式将组织变透明,并结合荧光显微镜来实现组织或器官三维成像的新技术,因其良好的荧光保存及透明效果,在软组织领域,尤其是神经领域得到了越来越广泛的应用.近年来,各种新型的组织透明化技术不断被报道出来,本文就被动浸润法水性透明化技术、水化法水性透明化技术、水凝胶嵌入法水性透明化技术的研究进展及应用做一综述.

目的 探讨CBL(case-based learning)联合MDT(multidisciplinary treatment)教学模式在口腔全科住院医师规范化培训(规培)中的应用效果.方法 将2018年9月和2019年9月各招收的20名口腔全科规培医师自动分为对照组和实验组.对照组采用传统教学模式,实验组采用CBL联合MDT教学模式.教学结束后采用理论考试、实践技能考试及问卷调查的方式评价教学效果.结果 实验组在实践技能考试及教学满意度上都明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 CBL联合MDT教学模式更好地调动了学生的积极性,锻炼了学生的全科思维,具有很好的教学示范及现实意义.

Tissue clearing is a novel technique developed within recent years, which could make the tissue optical transparency using physical or chemical methods by refractive index matching. Combined with fluorescence imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction technology, it could achieve three-dimensional observing and analyze the tissue structure at the cellular resolution. The tissue clearing technique is mainly applied to soft tissues, as less to hard tissues. In recent years, many researchers have modified tissue clearing methods and made them suitable for hard tissues, such as bone and teeth. The present paper reviews the recent application of tissue clearing techniques in hard tissues.

口腔种植体相关感染已成为影响种植体成功率的重要因素.近年来,研究开发具有抗菌性能的种植体表面涂层材料,尤其是载药涂层材料,已成为新的研究热点.共价接枝是将抗菌药物通过共价键固定于种植体表面的新型载药方法.与其他载药方法相比,其具有优化药物释放模式、改变药物的抗菌机制、提高药物稳定性等优点.本文就共价接枝构建钛种植体载药抗菌涂层的构建方式、应用优劣势及发展前景进行综述.

The early stages of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders exhibit periosteal bone of jaw bones resorption, complete of partial disappearance ofperiodontal bony plates, thickening of cortical bone reduction, and the appearance of mental foramen, mandibular canal, and maxillary sinus anatomical structures. Periodontal bony plates also decreased or disappeared in 57.7% of hemodialysis patients with renal failure, maxillary osteoporosis, and local root bone sclerosis happened. Gingival crevicular fluid volume, osmotic pressure, plaque, and gingival index increasedin children with end-stage renal disease. Periodontal pathogens in chronic kidney disease patients were significantly higher than that of a healthy person. Thus, the risk of suffering from periodontal disease was higher. Plaque index, gingival index, and calculus index in hemodialysis patients significantly increased, and the severity of periodontal disease exacerbated with prolonged duration of dialysis. The calcium oxalate crystal deposition of periodontal ligament in patients with chronic kidney lead to bone absorption and destruction, further aggravated periodontal tissue damage, loosened teeth, and caused absorption of root outside, which resulted in tooth loss. Periodontal ligament and cementum injury and damage gradually increasedwith the progression of chronic kidney disease. Patients should undergo dental and kidney disease consultation before treatment of oral diseasesto determine the state of the disease, treatment options, complications, and the best treatment time. During the treatment of oral diseases, drugs for kidney damage, such as aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, should be avoided. For hemodialysis patients, treatment of oral diseases should be selected in non-dialysis sessionto reduce the risk of bleeding. Any optional treatment of oral diseases should be avoided in the first six months of renal transplant recipients.

目的:慢性肾脏病是由于各种原因引起的慢性肾脏疾病(病程在三个月以上)的统称,已成为全球性公共健康问题。本实验旨在研究慢性肾脏病对钛种植体骨结合的影响。方法:采用5/6肾切除法建立CKD小鼠模型,通过细胞培养,并在股骨内植入种植体,于术后2周和4周获取标本,行X-ray片、硬组织切片和生物力学测试。结果:肾病小鼠血清BUN、FGF23、PTH和ALP水平明显升高。在钛种植体表面,肾病小鼠来源骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)成骨相关基因表达水平(Osx,Col-1,Ocn,和Opn)与假手术组无显著差异;茜素红染色均有矿化结节形成,两组无明显差异。然而种植体植入术后2周,CKD小鼠的种植体-骨接触率(BIC)以及骨结合强度(推出试验)均低于假手术组。讨论:肾病小鼠血清PTH和FGF23的升高,以及VitD的降低可能会影响骨的改建过程,进而引起BIC和骨结合强度的降低。结论:慢性肾脏病影响钛种植体的早期骨结合,但具体影响尚待进一步研究。