The ongoing U.S.-China technological decoupling presents significant challenges for firms embedded in global innovation ecosystems, prompting a reevaluation of interdependencies within these systems. This study explores how firms adapt their architectural and component innovations in response to shifts in innovation ecosystem connectivity, with a specific focus on how technological decoupling moderates these relationships. Using a longitudinal dataset (2013–2020) from the global high-speed rail industry and employing a triple-difference design, we find that a higher degree of innovation ecosystem connectivity positively influences architectural innovation while exhibiting a U-shaped relationship with component innovation. Importantly, technological decoupling weakens the positive impact of connectivity on architectural innovation and intensifies the U-shaped relationship for component innovation. These findings contribute to innovation ecosystem theory by elucidating how external shocks, such as technological decoupling, reconfigure innovation ecosystem connectivity and reshape innovation dynamics. The study offers practical insights for firms and policymakers, highlighting the need for adaptive ecosystem strategies to maintain innovation performance in fragmented and increasingly isolated global environments.

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) must often address moral conflicts given their responsibilities to meet conflicting demands from diverse stakeholders in transnational operations. Thus, this study constructs a comprehensive theoretical framework to understand the co-evolution between MNEs’ ambidexterity strategies and moral conflicts by incorporating studies on institutional theory and strategic management. Through a longitudinal case study, we find that the balance of three dimensions of ambidexterity strategies influences the content and intensity of MNEs’ moral conflicts by shaping the dual structure of stakeholders from home and host countries. Further, moral conflicts reshape the balance of ambidexterity strategies by the pressure of legitimacy and performance. Hence, to achieve better performance in transnational operations, MNEs must not only pay attention to the contingent ambidexterity strategies in dynamic environments, but also leverage the fitness among different dimensions of ambidexterity strategies. The findings provide implications for MNEs’ transnational operations in the increasingly complex global business.

How does government coordination in the strategic sectors affect the impact of relational resources on firm intellectual property (IP) development in the emerging economies? We investigate this question in the Chinese high-speed train sector from 1993 to 2014. Contrary to prior findings that international joint ventures (IJVs) lead technological innovation in the emerging economies, IJVs underperform in IP development in this context, whereas government-affiliated domestic firms outperform. We argue that government coordination in the strategic sector has escalated cross-border competitive tension but facilitated domestic collaborative innovation. Hence, IJVs face relational liabilities that hinder IP breakthrough, whereas government-affiliated domestic firms can leverage relational assets for innovation. We further examine the effects of ego-network density in the innovation network, which captures the degree to which a firm relies on partners to innovate. Consistent with our theory, innovation network density hampers IP development for the IJVs but promotes that for the government-affiliated domestic firms. Our findings offer actionable insights for innovation managers and policymakers in the strategic sectors. Firm managers should consider the potential influences from government coordination when acquiring relational resources for innovation. Policymakers should keep in mind how government actions may influence both interfirm collaboration and competition when building innovation networks.

Objective To explore the correlations between the habit of betel quid and areca nut (BQ-AN) chewing and the prognosis of oral cancer (OC). Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify this issue. Data searches were performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Epistemonikos, and Embase databases through November 2019. The primary outcome was the difference in the prognosis of OC between BQ-AN chewers and non-chewers, measured in terms of 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) log (HR) reported in articles. The pooled HR with 95% CI of 5-year OS and 5-year DSS was calculated using a fixed-effects model. Results Ten articles with eleven OS or DSS survival studies (one of the articles contained two studies), which were published between 2003 and 2017, were eligible for inclusion in the present study. All the 11 studies were observational studies, among which 10 were retrospective and 1 was prospective. One study measured both OS and DSS. Eight studies, with a total of 2,761 patients, used 5-year OS as the primary endpoint and four studies, with a total of 2,551 patients, used 5-year DSS. Overall, the pooled HR evaluating BQ-AN chewers was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.09-1.46) for 5-year OS and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.15-1.70) for 5-year DSS, compared with non-chewers. There was a significant association between BQ-AN chewing and OC survival. Conclusions Betel quid and areca nut chewing is significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with OC.

架构者变迁及其战略行为演变如何促进产业创新生态系统形成和演进?本文以中国轨道交通装备产业为对象,采用纵向案例方法探究这个问题.研究结果表明:在产业创新生态系统演进的不同阶段,"架构者"动态变迁,不同架构者战略行为及其作用机制不同;同一架构者不同时期战略行为和作用机制也不同.新生期,政府作为"架构者",通过行政干预自上而下构建产业创新生态系统雏形.扩展期和提升期,政府角色跨层次分离:向上成为宏观制度构建者,通过不断减弱的行政管理、增强的产业政策和科技资金资助,作为外部力量推动产业创新生态系统演进;向下作为产业创新生态系统参与主体——关键用户,促进产业创新生态系统演进.成熟期核心企业成为产业创新生态系统架构者,自底向上推动产业创新生态系统演进.本研究从中观产业层次拓展了创新生态系统战略和架构演进研究,深化并丰富了大型复杂产品产业中政府角色和作用机制研究;为政府、企业培育产业创新生态系统提供启示.

Can state governance spur firm innovation in an emerging economy and transform state-owned enterprises (SOEs) from “dying dinosaurs” to “dynamic dynamos”? We seek an answer to this question by investigating the innovative performance of restructured SOEs in China’s high-speed train sector. We expect that SOE restructuration will improve firm innovation, but that the degree of improvement will depend on how the state conducts firm governance. Building on institutional theory, we distinguish state governance via equity ownership and administrative affiliation in an emerging economy with market-hierarchy institutional conflicts. Under such conflicts, restructured SOEs experience institutional logic dissonance, which hinders organizational change for technological innovation. We hypothesize that state ownership exacerbates institutional logic dissonance at a restructured SOE, thus limiting innovation improvement from restructuration; in contrast, state affiliation mitigates firm dissonance and hence augments such improvement. We find empirical evidence for these hypotheses in a comprehensive panel of high-speed train manufacturers in China between 1989 and 2015. This study contributes to the institution-based theory of technological innovation in emerging economies. On the practical front, our findings suggest that emerging states may adopt arms-length governance to spur SOE innovation and unleash these dynamic dynamos to fuel sustainable economic growth.

创新"盲点"是导致大量核心企业创新失败的隐性因素,但如何识别并有效突破是现有研究亟须探索的问题.本文以中国轨道交通装备产业为案例研究对象,剖析创新生态系统视角下核心企业创新"盲点"出现的原因及其表现形式,在此基础上探究突破创新"盲点"的路径.研究发现:创新"盲点"存在于核心企业与所嵌入的创新生态系统成员耦合过程中,核心企业与创新生态系统成员(政府等采用链成员以及高校和科研机构、上游部件供应商、下游互补方等共同创新成员)的非良性耦合是创新"盲点"出现的原因;与这些成员之间的非一致性协同是创新"盲点"的表现形式;核心企业与系统各成员建立良性耦合关系是突破创新"盲点"的关键.研究结论拓展了创新生态系统理论,为核心企业更好地管理与创新生态系统成员之间的耦合关系进而提高创新成功率提供启示.

能否从创新生态系统视角识别导致创新盲点的关键因素并有效规避,是创新成功的关键,但现有研究对创新盲点识别指标体系的构建及评价存在较大缺口.通过构建创新盲点识别指标体系,以南北车“中华之星”和CRH380A为系统创新的数据样本,采用多层次模糊综合评价法对创新盲点指标体系进行实证检验.研究结果表明:创新盲点的形成主要在于创新生境、政府部门、供应商、核心企业、配套互补商及用户/购买者创新合作的非耦合性;创新盲点识别指标体系具有可信度.

The cooperative innovation performance of an innovation ecosystem depends on the interactive activities among members of the ecosystem. This study investigates the ways in which the evolution of an innovation ecosystem, member locations, heterogeneity and the pattern of interaction among members affect cooperative innovation performance. We build an interaction model and conduct a simulation experiment and empirical research on China's railway transportation equipment industry. On the basis of a qualitative and quantitative investigation, we find that the interactive strength of focal firms and their upstream partners is more beneficial to cooperative innovation performance than the interactive strength of focal firms and their downstream partners. These findings also suggest that the exit of members of an innovation ecosystem decreases cooperative innovation performance; however, the effect of the exit of upstream component partners is more significant. We conclude that both the focal and the upstream component firms have positive influential power toward the cooperative innovation performance. In addition, this study suggests that asymmetric relationships between the focal firm and upstream and downstream partners tend to have more significant impact on their cooperative innovation performance, in which a centralized interactive pattern of the ecosystem members generated higher cooperative innovation performance than the dispersed pattern.

目的:探讨比较GnRH激动剂(GnRH-a)长效剂型和短效剂型在长方案中的临床应用效果.方法:将IVF-ET/ICSI治疗的长方案患者按照GnRH-a的不同剂型分为长效组(A组)和短效组(B组),比较A、B组间垂体降调节效果、促排卵过程及妊娠结局.结果:A组促性腺激素(Gn)总量、Gn使用天数、hCG注射日P、P/E2、子宫内膜厚度、平均获卵数、受精率及中、重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组hCG注射日LH、E2、OHSS取消率、优质胚胎率、流产率较A组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).移植胚胎数、移植妊娠率、着床率、宫外妊娠率比较组间无显著差异.结论:在控制性超促排卵(COH)长方案中应用GnRH-a长、短效 2种剂型均可获得较满意的垂体降调节效果,虽各有利弊,但并不影响妊娠结局.

新兴技术如何有效突破应用“孤岛”,实现商业化,从知识研究的角度,分析新兴技术及其商业化要求,引入商业化机会作为筛选机制,构建新兴技术应用“孤岛”突破模型.采用仿真方法,模拟新兴技术应用“孤岛”的突破过程,对比研究了WS网络和BA网络环境下的商业化效率.研究发现,新兴技术突破应用“孤岛”的过程分三阶段:沉寂期、快速商业化期、饱和期.沉寂期商业化效率较高的是具有无标度特性的BA网络;快速商业化期商业化效率较高的是具有集聚性的WS网络;饱和期两种网络的商业化效率无明显差异,鲁棒性分析验证了该模型的稳定性.

This article presents a motion recognition strategy with rejection ability to extract the meaningful actions according to a given set of motion classes, or categories or types and reject such input patterns whose categories are not known. During the online recognition phrase, the multiple one-versus-one support vector machines are aggregated with the majority voting strategy over the most recent frames in a sliding window to predict the most probable type at each instance. And then, the corresponding index motion map is utilized to determine whether the predicted type should be accepted or not. The motion will be considered to be unknown when consecutive multiple frames are rejected. As a contribution, an adjusted self-organizing map algorithm is proposed to automatically learn the index motion map for each motion class, where the map size and topology are dynamically tuned by the intrinsic characteristics of the trained motions dataset. At the postprocessing step, the procedure is enhanced by an efficient key patterns-based verification strategy, which significantly improves the recognition precision. As a further contribution, we introduce a genetic algorithm learning algorithm to automatically learn the necessary key patterns for each class base on the previous learned index motion map. We evaluate our motion recognition model on various experiments conducted on synthetic data and real data from the freely available sets of motion capture database (HDM05). Experiment results show that the proposed strategy can not only classify motions correctly, but also identify the existence of unknown motion types.

采用仿真方法模拟知识在网络组织间转移过程,分析了静态加权网络组织和动态加权网络组织的网络结构、结点特征对知识转移的影响.仿真结果表明:知识在网络组织中的转移速率很大程度上取决于网络拓扑结构动态变化情况;新结点加入和旧结点退出的概率越小,网络组织越稳定,越有利于网络组织知识的转移;网络平均邻接点数越大、结点学习能力越强,知识转移越快;网络规模越大,知识转移相对较快,其影响效果随知识转移频繁程度的增大而增强;网络组织动态演化过程中,结点成员的连结机制对知识转移速率影响不明显.

This paper analyzed the formation mechanism of resource at the organization,network and system level,and the role of these resource on the system building by case study. The results show that:the relationship between organiza-tion resource,network resource and system resource is cooperative evolution. The building of network resources and sys-tem resources have a positive effection on organization resources. The building of network resources and system resources have a positive effection on organization resources. Organization resource have both positive and negative effection on net-work resources and system resources.

As an important basic industry of the national economy,the risk of alumina industry is more and more severe under the complex economic situation in recent years.Based on perspective of system theory,through the alumina industry and investigation of its risk further,this paper analyse and discusses the alumina industry risk concept and characteristic.From the alumina industry based on the structure of the risk,the authors draw the alumina industry risk factors causal relationship between diagram and system dynamics diagram,including the resources construction risk subsystem,cost risk subsystem,sales risk subsystem and environmental risk subsystem of the alumina industry risk assessment prediction system dynamics simulation model,out of the alumina industry risk production and operation of the mechanism.Based on this constructs including the four dimensions,the authors establish the index system for risk evaluation.This paper provides an effective method for formulating regulatory policy and further study on alumina industry’s risk.

Based on the theory of Low-energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),an efficient clustering algorithm for wireless sensor work was proposed in this paper.The new algorithm can measure the stability of cluster by means of the stability factor,and select the node with minimal factor be the cluster head,while it can keep the stability of the cluster at the same time.And the energy threshold is set as the condition of the cluster rebuilding to decrease the frequency of the cluster formation,while the single-hop model combined with the multi-hop model is used to resolve the problem of hot nodes.NS2simulation results show that it can improve the throughput effectively in mobile environment and prolong the network life span.

A novel approach of face identification by formulating the pattern recognition problem in terms of linear regression is presented.Using a fundamental concept that patterns from a single-object class lie on a linear subspace,a linear model representing a probe image as a linear combination of class-specific galleries is developed.The inverse problem is solved using the least-squares method and the decision is ruled in favor of the class with the minimum reconstruction error.The proposed Linear Regression Classification(LRC) algorithm falls in the category of nearest subspace classification.The algorithm is extensively evaluated on several standard databases under a number of exemplary evaluation protocols reported in the face recognition literature.A comparative study with state-of-the-art algorithms clearly reflects the efficacy of the proposed approach.For the problem of contiguous occlusion,a Modular LRC approach is proposed,introducing a novel Distance-based Evidence Fusion(DEF) algorithm.Experiments on the FERET and a challenging passport face database shows that the proposed method can achieve better results compared with other common solutions to the human face recognition problem.

This paper puts forward the mode which consists of SN and EI based on related theories.With 442 samples and logistic regression analysis,the result shows that: network tie is negatively related to EI,business communication opportunity and entrepreneur contact are positively related to EI.Entrepreneurial self-efficacy completely mediated the relations between entrepreneur contact and EI,partially mediated the relations between business communication and EI.

According to the activity of knowledge transfer within a technology alliance,the factors affecting knowledge transfer is in-depth analyzed,a conceptual model contained a number of factors is proposed and the relative testable hypothesis is developed.Based on field interviews and questionnaire survey,the structural equation methodology is used to analysis a sample of 251 corporations.The results show that the tacitness of knowledge,learning motivation of receiver,the knowledge difference,and relationship distance between alliance partner have a significant effect on the degree of knowledge transfer.Moreover,it is proved that the equity alliance is superior in knowledge transfer than contractual alliance.