Understanding the intricate relationship between the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the coupled reaction process is crucial for developing highly efficient bifunctional catalysts that can simultaneously degrade both VOCs and NOx. This study investigated the concurrent degradation of toluene and NOx on the sulphation-modified ceria-titania (Ce-Ti-S) catalyst, with particular emphasis on the interactions among toluene, NH3 and NOx. The Ce-Ti-S catalyst achieved over 90% conversion efficiency for both toluene and NOx within 350 °C-450 °C while exhibiting excellent N2 and CO2 selectivity. The competitive adsorption was existed between toluene and NH3 during the co-degradation. Toluene oxidation adhered to the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, whereas NH3-assisted selective catalytic reduction followed the Eley-Rideal mechanism, with amide species acting as the critical active intermediates. Compared to the unmodified ceria-titania (Ce-Ti) catalyst, the surface sulphation modification towards the Ce-Ti catalyst raised the concentrations of Lewis and Brønsted acids by 39.18 μmol/g and 12.40 μmol/g, respectively. Likewise, the oxygen vacancy concentration increased by 12%. The newly created Lewis acidic sites enabled NH3 activation, and the increased oxygen vacancy concentration expedited the migration of lattice oxygen. Theoretical calculations confirmed that the bandgap of Ce-Ti-S decreased from 1.72 eV to 1.19 eV, stabilising the electronic structure of the active sites and effectively alleviating the competitive adsorption between toluene and NH3.

Microbial physiology plays a pivotal role in construction of superior microbial cell factories for efficient biosynthesis of desired products. Here we identify that pcnB repression confers improved physiology for overproduction of free fatty acids (FFAs) in Escherichia coli through genome-scale CRISPRi modulation combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The repression of pcnB can enhance the stability and abundance of the transcripts of genes involved in the proton-consuming system, thereby supporting global improvements in membrane properties, redox state, and energy level. Based on pcnB repression, further repression of acrD increases FFAs biosynthesis by enhancing FFAs efflux. The engineered strain pcnBi-acrDi-fadR+ achieves 35.1 g L-1 FFAs production in fed-batch fermentation, which is the maximum titer reported to date in E. coli. This study highlights the significance of uncovering hidden genetic determinants that confer improved microbial physiology for enhancing the biosynthesis of desired products.

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) has been used successfully for developing extra-heavy oil around the world. But many experiments and field production have pointed out problems, such as heat loss to the overburden and low oil-steam ratio. Compared with SAGD, flue gas-solvent assisted SAGD (FGS-SAGD) is a relatively new thermal recovery technology. FGS-SAGD combines the multiple advantages of gas injection, solvent injection, and thermal recovery processes. In this paper, 3D sand pack models were established to study the steam chamber expansion characteristics and the development performance of different drainage experiments. Numerical models based on the experimental parameters were conducted to further study the gas and solvent migration and its effect on the temperature and oil saturation profiles. The results show that in the process of FGS-SAGD, the accumulation of flue gas effectively inhibited steam override and reduced heat loss to the overburden, which slowed the vertical expansion of steam chamber and improved the lateral expansion of steam chamber. Solvent was vaporized under high temperature and mixed with extra-heavy oil at the edge of steam chamber to reduce oil viscosity, which further improved the profile of steam chamber. Both flue gas and solvent injection significantly improved the heat utilization efficiency and increased the steam sweep volume and oil recovery. The oil recovery of FGS-SAGD (41.9%) was 12% higher than that of SAGD in the experiments. In addition, the oil mobility was increased by 26.2%, and water phase mobility was decreased by 19.7% in the process of FGS-SAGD. The study indicates that FGS-SAGD is a feasible technique for improving development performance in extra-heavy oil reservoirs.

Understanding the dyeing behaviors of reactive dyes onto cotton in non-aqueous media is helpful to facilitate the development of sustainable non-aqueous dyeing. Here, the thermodynamic characteristics of cotton dyeing with reactive dyes in the non-aqueous media of liquid paraffin (LP) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), were investigated and compared to those in aqueous medium. The results showed that the adsorption isotherms of the reactive dyes in LP, D5, and water media accorded with the Freundlich model, indicating that the dyeing proceeded via the physical adsorption of multi-molecular layers. Furthermore, the dyeing enthalpy and dyeing entropy of cotton dyeing using reactive dyes in LP and D5 media were positive, which was significantly different from those in an aqueous medium. These properties help to understand and interpret the dyeing properties and behavior of reactive dyes onto cotton in LP and D5 media.

Dyeing using liquid paraffin (LP) systems is an emerging non-aqueous dyeing method for disperse dyes. To investigate the dyeing thermodynamics and kinetics of polyester fabrics dyed with disperse dyes (C.I. Disperse Red 167) in an LP system, the adsorption isotherms and dyeing rate curves in a water bath and a LP bath were plotted. Next, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation model was constructed. The results showed that the adsorption isotherms and dyeing rate curves in the LP bath and the water bath had the same shape and trend, and the isotherms were consistent with the Nernst isotherm equation. The dyeing affinity of disperse dyes in the LP bath was smaller than that in water bath, due to the higher solubility of disperse dyes in LP than in water. The dyeing heat, dyeing entropy, dyeing rate constant, and apparent diffusion coefficient of disperse dyes in LP bath showed the same sign and similar change trend as those in water bath. The diffusion activation energy of disperse dyes in LP bath was higher than that in water bath, indicating more energy consumption required in LP bath than in water bath. The system of dyeing polyester with disperse dyes in LP bath was investigated at the atomic level by using MD simulations, and the results confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the constructed dyeing models.

Background and Objective: Temozolomide is more beneficial than Carmustine in reducing tumor size, prolonging survival time and improving quality of life in patients with gliomas. However, there are fewer domestic and international reports on the feasibility and safety of the combined use of the two. This study observed the efficacy of Carmustine combined with Temozolomide in the treatment of glioma following minimally invasive surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 81 glioma patients who underwent microscopic glioma resection at Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering between February, 2019 and February, 2021 was conducted. Patients were divided into a control group (n = 41, post-surgical resection with tumor cavity placement of Carmustine slow-release implant) and an experimental group (n = 40, oral Temozolomide in addition to the control group). The efficacy, serum levels of angiogenesis-related factors, neuropeptide levels, inflammatory and chemokine levels, daily living ability, neurological function, survival rate and adverse effects were compared between the two groups. Results: Serum levels of neurotensin (NT), somatostatin (SS), Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, hematologic toxicity and hepatorenal toxicity between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Carmustine combined with Temozolomide showed a definite efficacy in patients with glioma after microscopic glioma resection.

Jacobian‐Free Newton–Krylov (JFNK) method is a stable and high‐efficiency method to solve the multi‐physics coupling problem for the modeling and simulation (M&S) of nuclear reactors. However, for the two‐fluid two‐phase flow model, the large number of constitutive models for different flow regimes as well as their discontinuities between different flow regimes present a huge challenge to solve the equations with JFNK method. Nevertheless, in this research, a fully‐implicit numerical algorithm was proposed to solve the two‐fluid two‐phase flow model based on the JFNK method. The field equations were fully‐implicitly discretized based on the second‐order backward time and Van Albada high‐order spatial difference schemes. A semi‐implicit‐scheme‐based preconditioner was constructed to improve the calculation efficiency. The V‐shaped linear advection test, water faucet test and the oscillating manometer test were simulated to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical algorithm and the performance of the numerical treatments with phase appearance and disappearance. By simulating the Bartolomei subcooled boiling experiment, Becker and Bennett dry out and post‐dry out experiments, the performances of the developed numerical algorithm for single‐phase flow, two‐phase flow and transition from the single‐phase flow to the two‐phase flow were validated. The single‐phase natural circulation and Edwards blowdown experiments were simulated to study the capability of the current fully‐implicit numerical algorithm for slow and quick transients, respectively. The results demonstrate good performance of the proposed algorithm and validate the accuracy of such algorithm. The comparisons of numerical efficiency show that the fully‐implicit numerical algorithm spends more time than the semi‐implicit numerical algorithm because the calculation of the inverse precondition matrix is time consuming. But the numerical stability of the fully‐implicit numerical algorithm is not influenced by the time step. In the practical simulations based on the fully‐implicit numerical algorithm, a large time step can be used to obtain a stable prediction and comparable or higher calculation efficiency and accuracy with respect to the semi‐implicit numerical algorithm.

To maximize the expected profits and manage the risks of renewable energy system under electricity market environment, scenario-based- stochastic optimization model can be established to generate energy bidding strategies, in which the probabilistic scenarios of risk parameters are usually obtained by using statistical or machine learning methods. This paper proposes a practical multivariate statistical method for risk parameter scenario generation, which is used by a wind energy system faced with uncertain electricity prices and wind power productions, and it considers the correlation between dependent risk parameters by using historical data directly. The probabilities of scenarios containing correlated risk parameters are calculated by using multivariate histograms, in which the asymmetric correlation between different parameters existing in the historical data are preserved. Additionally, in order to make the stochastic optimization problem with large numbers of scenarios tractable, a multivariate scenario reduction method is used to trim down the scenario number. By solving the stochastic optimization problem, optimal day-ahead bidding curves for the wind energy system are generated, and Douglas–Peucker algorithm is used to fit the bidding curves according to market requirements. Case studies based on real world data in electricity markets are performed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed risk parameter scenario generation method and energy bidding strategies. Finally, conclusions and practical suggestions on future research works are provided.

Kiwi twigs have abundant vessels and sieve tubes, which may provide abundant nanotube structures and active sites. In this study, kiwi twig biochar was used to modify the alpha-manganese dioxide (MnO2) catalyst through facile potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) activation to improve N-2 selectivity in selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Results suggested that the C10.5MnO2 catalyst exhibited higher NO conversion (approximately 90%) and N-2 selectivity (> 95%) at 100 ?C-250 ?C. Moreover, biochar C1, which was directly mixed with KOH, increased the number of acid sites and lattice defects in the C10.5MnO2 catalyst; thus, the redox and acid cycles more easily occurred on the surface of the C10.5MnO2 catalyst than on that of the C(20.5)MnO2 catalyst. Moreover, the SCR process of the modified catalysts involved both Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal mechanisms. This study demonstrated the effect of biochar on reaction sites and processes, providing a new perspective for the application of biochar in the field of catalysis.

Ion Channel sensors have several applications including DNA sequencing, biothreat detection, and medical applications. Ion-channel sensors mimic the selective transport mechanism of cell membranes and can detect a wide range of analytes at the molecule level. Analytes are sensed through changes in signal patterns. Papers in the literature have described different methods for ion channel signal analysis. In this paper, we describe a series of new graphical tools for ion channel signal analysis which can be used for research and education. The paper focuses on the utility of this tools in biosensor classes. Teaching signal processing and machine learning for ion channel sensors is challenging because of the multidisciplinary content and student backgrounds which include physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. The paper describes graphical ion channel analysis tools developed for an on-line simulation environment called J-DSP. The tools are integrated and assessed in a graduate bio-sensor course through computer laboratory exercises.

NO is a major environmental pollutant. MnO2 is often used as a denitrification catalyst with poor N2 selectivity and weak SO2 resistance. Kiwi twig biochar was chosen to modify MnO2 samples by using the hydrothermal method. The NO conversion rates of the biochar-modified samples were >90% at 125–225 °C. Kiwi twig biochar made the C2MnO2 sample with a larger specific surface area, a higher number of acidic sites and Oβ/Oα molar ratio, leading to more favorable activity at high temperatures and better SO2 resistance. Moreover, the inhibition of the NH3 oxidation reaction and the Mn3+ → Mn4+ process played a crucial role in the redox cycle. What was more, Brønsted acidic sites present on the C1MnO2 sample participate in the reaction more rapidly. This study identified the role of biochar in the reaction process and provides a reference for the wide application of biochar.

Due to their effectiveness in capturing similarities between different entities, graphical models are widely used to represent datasets that reside on irregular and complex manifolds. Graph signal processing offers support to handle such complex datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel graph filter design method for semi-supervised data classification. The proposed design uses multiple graph shift matrices, one for each feature, and is shown to provide improved performance when the feature qualities are uneven. We introduce three methods to optimize for the graph filter coefficients and the graph combining coefficients. The first method uses the alternating minimization approach. In the second method, we optimize our objective function by convex relaxation that provides a performance benchmark. The third method adopts a genetic algorithm, which is computationally efficient and better at controlling overfitting. In our simulation experiments, we use both synthetic and real datasets with informative and non-informative features. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of multiple graph shift operators in the graph filters. Significant improvements in comparison to conventional graph filters are shown, in terms of average error rate and confidence scores. Furthermore, we perform cross validation to show how our approach can control overfitting and improve generalization performance.

CeO2 is an extensively used catalyst in denitration reaction, however, weak acidity of CeO2 is not conducive for NO conversion. Traditional sulfur etching by impregnation results in a large amount of sulfate deposition. To address this limitation, washing with deionized water was added following traditional impregnation (S1.0-CeO2- wash catalyst). The washing process successfully reduced the sulfate deposition, optimized the pore structure of the S1.0-CeO2-wash catalyst. The NO removal rate of the S1.0-CeO2-wash sample reached approximately 90% at 250-350 degrees C. Additionally, the Ce4+ content on the surface of S1.0-CeO2-wash catalyst increased. Moreover, the action of the S1.0-CeO2-wash catalyst in the reaction was determined to follow both Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanisms. This work provides a reference for the acid etching of other catalysts.

Multi-gas assisted steam huff and puff process is a relatively new thermal recovery technology for offshore heavy oil reservoirs. Some blocks of Bohai oilfield have implemented multi-gas assisted steam huff and puff process. However, the development mechanism still requires further study. In this paper, high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) PVT experiments and different huff and puff experiments of sand pack were carried out to reveal the enhanced production mechanism and evaluate the development effect of multi-gas assisted steam huff and puff process. The results indicated that viscosity reduction and thermal expansion still were the main development mechanism of multi-gas assisted steam huff and puff process. Specifically, CO2 easily dissolved in the heavy oil that made it mainly play the role of reducing oil viscosity, N2 was characteristics of small solubility and good expansibility, and it could improve formation pressure, increase steam sweep volume and even reduce the heat loss. Meanwhile, injecting multi-gas and steam could break the balance of heavy oil component that made the content of resin reduce and the content of saturates, aromatics and asphaltene increase so as to further reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. Compared with steam huff and puff process, multi-gas assisted steam huff and puff process increased the recovery by 2–5%. The optimal water–gas ratio and steam injection temperature were 4:6 and 300℃, respectively. The results suggested that multi-gas assisted steam huff and puff process would have wide application prospect for offshore heavy oil reservoirs.

Tetra-arylethene is one of the most important aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophores. The electronic effect usually plays a vital role in their optical properties. However, the relationship between AIE property and electronic effect in the same fluorophore is rarely studied. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of pyridyl-containing tetra-arylethenes, whose electronic densities could be easily adjusted by the N-oxide or N-methylation of their pyridyl moieties. The optical data of these compounds at aggregation in different solvent systems or solid state exhibited obviously different AIE properties compared with the classic AIE-active tetraphenylethene (TPE).

为拓展非水介质染色应用范围,研究棉织物的活性染料浸轧/非水介质固着新型轧染方法.用C.I.活性黑KN-B、C.I.活性黄3RS和C.I.活性红3BS对棉织物进行常规水性染液浸轧,再用十甲基环五硅氧烷、低黏度液体石蜡、高黏度液体石蜡进行固着处理.讨论织物轧液率、固着温度和时间对染色效果的影响,分析不同非水介质中固着效果不同的内在原因,比较优化的浸轧/非水介质固着工艺与常规浸轧/汽蒸固着工艺.结果表明,棉织物活性染料非水介质固着轧染优化工艺为一浸一轧(轧液率90％),90℃固着3 min;相比常规浸轧/汽蒸工艺,非水介质固着工艺的棉织物得色率和匀染性都较好,且具有良好的色牢度;相对硅基非水介质,液体石蜡固着效果更优,随着液体石蜡黏度增大,得色量增大.

The construction of the power Internet of Things has led various terminals to access the corporate network on a large scale. The internal and external business interaction and data exchange are more extensive. The current security protection system is based on border isolation protection. This is difficult to meet the needs of the power Internet of Things connection and open shared services. This paper studies the application scheme of the "zero trust" typical business scenario of the power Internet of Things with "Continuous Identity Authentication and Dynamic Access Control" as the core, and designs the power internet security protection architecture based on zero trust.

The performance of the droplets is vital of importance to the annular-mist flow and the heat transfer for the reflooding conditions. In this research, a two-fluid three-field model for the vertical upward flow is developed. The field equations of the vapor, continuous liquid phase and dispersed liquid droplet phase are established. The set of equations are solved by the semi-implicit difference algorithm based on the staggered grids. Wrutz's steam-water entrainment experiment is simulated to evaluate the performance of the selected closure relations. Becker's and Bennett's dryout and post-dryout heat transfer experiments are simulated to validated the interfacial and wall heat transfer models. Finally, the tubular reflooding experiments are simulated to study the effect of the droplets on the wall heat transfer for different injection conditions. The predicted results are compared to the experimental data and the predicted results by the additional two-fluid model. The results show that the predicted results by this two-fluid three-field model are more accurate than those by the additional two-fluid model.

Steam flooding is an effective way to develop extra-heavy oil reservoir. However, when the steam flooding process enters into the exhaustion stage, considering lower heat utilization, higher water and poor development performance, how to enhance heavy oil recovery in the post steam flooding process is a large challenge. This paper provides various experiments studying on non-condensable gas-assisted steam flooding. Specifically, the effects of CO2 and N-2 injection on the physical properties of extra-heavy oil were analyzed by High Temperature High Pressure (HTHP) PVT experiments. The effects of CO2 and N-2 on the interfacial tension were studied using Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis (ADSA) system and the heat transfer characteristic of core which was saturated with N-2 or water was studied with the sand pack model. Finally, different non-condensable gas (NCG)-assisted steam flooding experiments were conducted using the sand pack model. The results showed that the non-condensable gas dissolving into extra-heavy oil could effectively reduce the oil viscosity and density, and then increase the oil flow capability. The higher pressure and lower temperature was, the smaller the interfacial tension (IFT) was. Compared with N-2, CO2 could significantly reduce the extra-heavy oil viscosity and IFT. But N-2 could increase the sweep efficiency and heat utilization of steam. Compared with steam flooding process, non-condensable gas-assisted steam flooding process could prolong the anhydrous production period and increase the anhydrous recovery. Meanwhile, the non-condensable gas-assisted steam flooding process could increase the oil relative permeability and reduce residual oil saturation. The earlier implementing non-condensable gas-assisted steam flooding, the better the development performance would be.