目的 探讨甲状腺素(thyroxine,T3)和维甲酸(retinoic acid,RA)对骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)软骨形成的影响.方法 在 3 种条件培养基中培养和诱导猪BMSCs成软骨分化:对照组使用软骨生成培养基(含10-7 mol/L地塞米松和 10 ng/mL转化生长因子β1),RA组采用软骨生成培养基加 1 μmol/L RA,T3 组采用软骨生成培养基加100 nmol/L T3.采用MTT法单层检测BMSCs的增殖情况.收获第3 代BMSCs,离心形成细胞颗粒,分为3 组分别进行软骨细胞诱导.4 周后采集 3 组的细胞颗粒,通过组织学染色和半定量基因表达分析进行软骨形成评估.结果 T3 组BMSCs增殖高于对照组(P<0.05);RA组BMSCs增殖低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组BMSCs颗粒中观察到软骨特征的类腔隙结构和甲苯胺蓝阳性染色,RA组未见;RA组软骨发生标志基因Col Ⅱ、蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)和Sox9 的表达与对照组相比显著降低,而肥大标志基因ColX的表达在RA组显著增加,成骨相关基因Col Ⅰ和Runx2 的表达也明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T3 组Col Ⅱ、aggrecan和Sox9 的表达显著增加,Col X的表达也显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2 组间Col Ⅰ和Runx2 表达,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 RA可抑制BMSCs的增殖和软骨形成,T3 可促进BMSCs的增殖和软骨形成,但可诱导软骨细胞肥大.

目的 探讨经口内入路使用下颌角弧形截骨导向器在内收型下颌角截骨整形术中的疗效及安全性.方法 自2015年8月至2017年8月,对21例内收型下颌角肥大患者实施导向器辅助弧形截骨.结果 术后随访6个月至2年,除2例自觉改善不明显外,其余患者对下面部轮廓改善均满意.所有患者无术后感染、面动脉断裂、下颌骨骨折和下牙槽神经损伤等合并症发生.结论 下颌角弧形截骨导向器可更安全有效地控制截骨线,降低严重手术合并症的发生率,提高患者的满意度.

目的 探讨改良倒"L"法内眦赘皮矫正术与切开法重睑术的联合切口设计在临床中的应用效果.方法 自2018年1月至2020年1月,共有求美者358人,716只眼,均采用改良倒"L"法矫正内眦赘皮联合切开法重睑术进行手术治疗,倒"L"短臂与重睑切口相连续,长臂隐藏于下睑缘.术后6个月开始通过患者术后效果评价表(Patient Reported Outcome Measures,PROM)随访,最后对术后效果进行评价.结果 347位求美者对术后效果满意,11位求美者、15只眼出现了重睑或内眦形态不佳的问题,均予以二次手术修复,满意率达97％.结论 本文设计的改良倒"L"法内眦赘皮矫正术与切开法重睑术的联合切口设计是一种简便实用、易于掌握的矫治单睑伴内眦赘皮方法,求美者满意度高,值得在临床推广应用.

Objective To present the overall therapy to correct mandible deformities and modify facial contour of patients who have been diagnosed as auriculo—condylar syndrome (ACS) in our hospital.Methods We formulate effective therapeutic plan for every single patient based on digital surgical techniques.Three patient received individualized therapy,which include bilateral Distraction osteogenesis,orthodontic treatment,genioplasty,LeFort Ⅰ osteotomy,Chin augmentation with porous polyethylene implant,or mandibular contour correction with porous polyethylene implant.Results All three patients gained satisfactory surgical resuhs.Occlusal function and sleeping quality in 2 severe patients was significantly improved.Conclusions Clinical features of ACS is complex,which may range from mild to severe in different patients.Individualized therapeutic plan of comprehensive treatment should be established after facial deformity evaluation and surgical simulation based on surgical techniques.

Background: The relapse of hemifacial microsomia was thought to be highly related to the soft tissue envelope around the mandible angle mainly composed by masseter and medial pterygoid. According to the reason, we tried to apply masseter injection of type A botulinum toxin to weaken the soft envelope tension on the early stage post mandible distraction in adult HFM patients. Methods: Eight patients diagnosed with HFM were studied and randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. Patients in the experimental group were treated with DO, orthognathic surgeries, autologous fat grafting, and bilateral masseter muscle injection with type A botulinum toxin. The patients in control group were treated with the same procedures as the patients in experimental group except for masseter muscle injection with type A botulinum toxin. The recurrence rates of both groups were evaluated and analyzed after nearly 1 year of follow-up. Results: The mean recurrence rate was 26.30% +/- 11.84% ( range 7.62%-37.27%) in the 8 patients after 1-year follow-up. The relapse rate was 16.32% +/- 7.78% (7.62%-26.22%) in the experimental group and 36.28% +/- 1.03% (34.84%-37.27%) in the control group. There was a significant difference (P = 0.002) between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusions: The combination of DO, orthognathic surgeries, autologous fat particle transplantation, and masseter muscle type A botulinum toxin injection technique could be a comprehensive treatment plan for adult patients of HFM. Furthermore, masseter injection of type A botulinum toxin might be an alternative method to reduce the early recurrence rate of postoperative adult patients of HFM.

Objective To investigate the influence of mandibular distraction osteogenesis on masticatory function by analyzing the maximal bite force before and after surgery. Methods From May 2014 to November 2015, 22 hemifacial microsomia cases, ageing from 6 to 10 years old, underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis and their biting force data were collected. The maximal bite forces in incisor area, bilateral premolar area and molar area were measured before surgery and 1 year after surgery. Results The average maximum bite forces in the molar area of the affected side, premolar area of the affected side, incisor area, premolar area of the unaffected side, molar area of the unaffected side were (170. 6 ± 42. 8) N, (141. 9 ± 34. 9) N, (89. 7 ± 18. 8) N, (169. 3 ± 29. 0) N and (230. 2 ± 56. 4) N respectively before surgery. Statistics indicated that most patients had uneven distribution of bite force between the affected side and unaffected side before surgery. And they changed to ( 198. 8 ± 44. 0 ) N, (151. 8 ±31. 1)N, (88. 9 ±18. 0) N, (167. 8 ±26. 1)N and (234. 3 ±52. 5)N respectively 1 year after surgery, showing that the bite force in the molar area of the affected side was significantly improved by the surgery(P<0. 05). Regression analysis showed that the postoperative bite force distribution had a tendency to become more symmetrical in hemifacial microsomia patients. Conclusions Mandibular distraction osteogenesis can improve the bite force of the affected side in hemifacial microsomia patients and enhance the balance of masticatory in the long-term postoperatively.

Objective To explore the effect of mandibular distraction osteogenesis on the masseter muscle in cases of hemifacial microsomia deformity.Methods From February 2010 to March 2015,25 cases of hemifacial microsomia deformity were retrospectively analyzed.Three-dimensional images of masseter muscle and cranial bones were reconstructed through Mimics software,and the volume of the masseter muscle before and after mandibular distraction osteogenesis was measured.Results There was no difference in masseter muscle volume in the uninjured side,pre-and post-surgery (P＞0.05).The volume of the masseter muscle after mandibular distraction osteogenesis was significantly increased compared to pre-operation (P＜0.05).The increased volume of the masseter muscle between type ⅡA and ⅡB hemifacial microsomia deformity patients after mandibular distraction osteogenesis showed no difference (P＞0.05).There was no difference of the increased amount between the mandibular ramus posterior border height and masseter muscle volume (P＞0.05).Conclusion Mandibular distraction osteogenesis may help to increase volume and promote growth of the masseter muscle in children with hemifacial microsonia deformity.It can improve the defect of muscle soft tissue in children with minor hemifacial microsomia

Cryopreservation provides an effective technique to maintain the functional properties of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) are frequently used as cryoprotectants for this purpose. However, the use of DMSO can result in adverse effects and toxic reactions and FBS can introduce risks of viral, prion, zoonose contaminations and evoke immune responses after injection. It is therefore crucial to reduce DMSO concentrations and use serum-free solution in the cryopreservation process. Human platelet lysate (PL) is a promising candidate for use as an alternative to DMSO and FBS. Therefore, in this study, with an aim to identify a cryoprotective agent for ASC cryopreservation, we determined the viability, proliferation potential, phenotype, and differentiation potential of fresh ASCs and ASCs cryopreserved using different combinations of three cryoprotective agents: fetal bovine serum (FBS), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and human platelet lysate (PL). The viability of the ASCs cryopreserved with 90% FBS and 10% DMSO, 95% FBS and 5% DMSO, and 97% PL and 3% DMSO was >80%, and the proliferation potentials, cell phenotypes, and differentiation potentials of these groups were similar to those of fresh ASCs. Together, our findings suggest that a combination of 97% PL and 3% DMSO is an ideal cryoprotective agent for the efficient cryopreservation of human ASCs.

Objective To summarize the therapeutic effect of combined treatment for children hemifacial microsomia.Methods From Aug 2008 to May 2016, 108 children with hemifacial microsomia underwent combined treatment at an early age .Digital simultation technology was used for design of the guiding model during osteotomy .The mandibular distraction osteogenesis , auricular reconstruction and orthodontic treatment were also adopted .The maxillary development and post-distraction relapse were analyzed during the follow-up period.Results The distractor fell off in 3 cases.All other patients got obvious improvement in facial symmetry , auricular deformity and occlusion .During the follow-up period of 6 -39 months, the development of maxilla on the affected side increased significantly .Though the distracted mandible showed some certain relapse , but the facial asymmetry and occlusion improved a lot . Conclusions The children hemifacial microsomia should receive a combined treatment at an early age to achieve a goodresult .

Objective To evaluate recurrence after mandibular distraction osteogenesis in adult patients with hemifacial microsomia using the digital three dimensional measurement.Methods Nine adult hemifacial microsomia patients were evaluated using the method of digital measurements with three dimensional computed tomography.Three observation points were studied:pre-operation (T0),post-operation (T1) and follow-up (T2).The length of ramus (H for normal side and h for affected side),the length of body (L for normal side and l for affected side) and distance between pogonion and facial midline (D) were measured and the recurrence rate (R) was calculated.Results Percentages of h/H at T0,T1,T2 were (58.19±12.06)％,(87.09±17.92)％and (81.13±30.57)％,which had statistical significance respectively.2.Percentage of l/L at T0,T1,T2 were (87.70±7.86)％,(90.69± 5.77) ％ and (90.11±5.62)％,respectively,which had statistical significance between T0 and T1.3.Lengths of D at T0,T1,T2 were (13.66±3.28) mm,(4.926±1.75) mm and (6.616±1.82) mm,respectively,which had statistical significance between T0,T1 and T0,T1.4.Average R was (22.80± 9.73) ％.Conclusions Varying degrees of recurrence do happen in both ramus and body of mandibular after distraction osteogenesis.While it is demonstrated that the mandible grows obviously after operation compared to that pre-operation,Meanwhile,the facial symmetry is also improved significiantly.

A rare patient of reducible eyeball luxation after cranioplasty in a child Crouzon syndrome was reported. To remedy the patient's chronic intracranial hypertension and brachycephaly, orbitofrontal advancement and cranial vault remodeling were carried out. About 25 days of postoperation, an acute eyeball luxation was observed, with the presence of a subcutaneous accumulation of liquid in the bilateral temporal regions. The dislocated eyeballs were brought back by applying gentle manual pressure. The patient received a conservative treatment without a tarsorrhaphy. The dislocation recurrence never occurred again. In a 4-year follow-up, it was shown that the child's vision was normal and proptosis was improved by series craniofacial reconstructions.

Objective To explore a new modified stable genioplasty with modified MortiseTenon joints technique and to analyze the surgicaI results in clinic as well as to discuss the advantages in theory.Methods Eleven patients were performed by the genioplasty with Mortise-Tenon joints technique intraoral approach from June 2012 to March 2014,who were suffered from retrusion of chin with different degree accompanying with long chin.The two segments of the chin by osteotomy were made into the Mortise-Tenon joints and fixed by titanium plates.The results were evaluated by clinical appearances and image analyses.Results All 11 patients were satisfied with the procedure and the contour of the chin.The surgical effects were stable without any complications.The advancement in average Mortise-Tenon joints technique was 7.38 mm.Conclusions Much better in stablility and less relapse are achieved by using modified Mortise-Tenon joints technique;furthermore,the genioglossal muscle and geniohyoid muscle are reserved as much as possible,and therefore the normal function of them could be maintained.This method is a good alternative technique for chin retrusion coexisted withlong chin.

Objective To explore the clinical classification and surgical strategy of Parry-Romberg syndrome based on bone involvement.Methods From 2009 to 2016,a total of 51 patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome were involved in the study.All patients were classified into 3 groups depending on the extent of facial bone involvement.Type Ⅰ consisted of patients without facial bone involvement.The surgical strategy for this group was morphological remodeling of facial soft tissue.Patients with facial bone involvement and without oral and maxillofacial function involvement served as type Ⅱ.For this group,the surgical strategy was morphological remodeling of facial soft tissue and bone tissue.Type Ⅲ consisted of patients with both facial bone and oral and maxillofacial function involvement.In these cases,the surgical strategy was remodeling of oral and maxillofacial function and facial contour.Results All patients were followed-up from 6 to 36 months.Facial symmetry was obviously improved in type Ⅰ and Ⅱ and 5 patients obtained good remodeling of oral and maxillofacial function and bone and soft tissue morphology.Conclusion This clinical classification was helpful to regulate and guide the treatment of Parry-Romberg syndrome.

在祛眼袋的咨询当中,有80％的人都会担心同一个问题——眼袋祛除之后,过几年就会复发?那手术不是白做了?其实,祛了眼袋还“复发”的,可能少做了一件事,那就是解决泪沟的问题. 很多人会因为眼袋的存在,而忽视泪沟问题,所以整个下眼睑的处理只着重在突出的眼袋移除,凹陷的泪沟就放着不管了.结果在手术后常抱怨术后凹陷或是觉得眼袋没移除干净,有些泪沟严重的人,甚至可延伸到脸颊.

The utility model discloses an interlock force measuring instrument, including the interlock mould, the interlock mould includes body, measuring junction, the measuring junction includes the cantilever that two symmetries set up, is provided with sensor chip on at least one cantilever, sensor chip connects the sensor, the sensor is connected to the display terminal, one side of measuring junction is provided with the interlock portion of hemisphere convex surface be provided with on the measuring junction along the direction of measuring junction with predetermined distance with interlock portion for the spaced apart recess of one end of body.

The invention discloses an occlusal force measuring instrument which comprises an occlusion mold. The occlusion mold comprises a body and a measuring end. The measuring end comprises two symmetrically-arranged cantilever supports. A sensor chip is arranged on at least one of the cantilever supports and connected with a sensor. The sensor is connected to a display terminal. A hemispheric convex occlusion portion is arranged on one side of the measuring end. A groove a preset distance away from the occlusion portion relative to one end of the body in a space mode in the direction of the measuring end is formed in the measuring end.

目的 通过数字化设计和模拟技术分析并探讨半侧颜面短小畸形下颌骨牵张成骨最有效的方向.方法 自2010-2014年,我们对60例半侧颜面短小患者进行下颌骨牵张成骨治疗,对安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ类咬(牙合)畸形延长的方向分别是垂直于咬(牙合)平面和位于咬(牙合)平面和其垂线之间,通过数字化模拟来确定角度.结果 60例患者中,3例牵引器脱落,5例发生感染,其余患者均顺利完成延长成骨的治疗,患侧下颌骨高度得到良好的恢复;偏斜的咬(牙合)平面获得纠正,咬(牙合)关系恢复很好;颏部偏斜得到很大改善,面部对称性有明显的提高.结论 对于安氏Ⅰ类咬(牙合)最有效的延长方向是与颌平面垂直,对于安氏Ⅱ类咬(牙合)畸形最有效的延长方向是颌平面与其垂直线之间,需要术前数字化模拟来确定准确的角度.

There is a worsening epidemic of obesity and diabetes in the world. Life style interventions including dietary changes and increase in exercise can improve glucose metabolism and health in general. However, standard exercise programs are strenuous, time-consuming, and thus have low long-term compliance issues. We tested the feasibility of using high frequency, low amplitude whole body vibration (WBV) therapy to improve glucose metabolism in young type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice. We also aimed to investigate the postulated anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties of WBV. Male db/db and db/m mice were exposed to high frequency, low-amplitude WBV. Outcome parameters comprised of body weight, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, as well as interleukin (IL)-17 (a marker of helper T cells), forkhead box P3 (Foxp3; a marker of regulatory T cells), and gammaH2AX (an index of DNA injury) expression. Furthermore, a 24 h metabolic cage study was carried out immediately after the WBV protocol and fluid intake, urine excretion and urine osmolality were determined. WBV did not affect body weight but improved HbA1c levels in db/db mice. Vibrated db/db mice demonstrated less fluid intake and urine excretion but better urinary concentrating ability than their non-vibrated controls. Pro-inflammatory changes were significantly reduced, as indicated by reduced IL-17 but increased Foxp3 expression. WBV reduced gammaH2AX in db/db mice suggestive of cytoprotective effect. However, WBV was largely without significant effects on assessed parameters in db/m mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that daily, short duration WBV may improve glycemic control, polydipsia, polyuria, and urine osmolality in T2DM in association with reduced inflammation. Thus, WBV may be a viable adjunctive treatment strategy in T2DM.

PURPOSE:To present a modified cranial vault asymmetry index, evaluate it by measuring the asymmetry of the skull shape with craniosynostosis and by assessing the surgical outcome quantitatively, compare it with traditional cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) and discuss its advantages and shortcomings.METHODS:Based on the traditional CVAI, anterior cranial vault asymmetry index (ACVAI) and posterior cranial vault asymmetry index (PCVAI) were proposed to evaluate surgical outcomes. We measured CVAI, ACVAI and PCVAI on the reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography images to analyze the degree of the malformation and assess the surgical outcomes. The new method was compared with the traditional one, and statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS:Using Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, preoperative ACVAI compared to postoperative one is statistically significant (p = 0.018), whereas, the p value for CVAI is 0.128 > 0.05.CONCLUSIONS:The ACVAI and PCVAI as modified can better describe the degree of cranial vault asymmetry compared with CVAI. It is also a more reliable index to assess the surgical outcomes quantitatively.

PURPOSE:The inhibition of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK-1) has been found to decrease growth of colon and prostate cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SGK-1 inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:Human head and neck tumors (HTB41/43) were established in athymic mice. Growth rates between mice treated with vehicle (PBS) injection (group 1, n = 5), SGK-1 Inhibitor GSK 650394 (group 2, n = 6), systemic cisplatin (group 3, n = 6), and a combination of SGK-1 Inhibitor and cisplatin (group 4, n = 6) were compared using repeated measures one-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test. Tumor cells were subsequently submitted to further analyses. RESULTS:At the end of the experiment mean tumor sizes were 122.33+/-105.86, 76.73+/-36.09, 94.52+/-75.92, and 25.76+/-14.89 mm2 (mean +/- SD) for groups 1 to 4. Groups 2 and 3 showed decreased tumor growth compared to controls (p<0.001). Group 4 displayed even greater growth suppression (p<0.0001). Importantly, group 4 fared better than group 3 (p<0.001). CD44 expression was reduced in group 2 (p<0.05), and to an even greater extent in groups 3 and 4 (p<0.0025). A trend towards reduction of HER 2 expression was noted in group 4. CONCLUSIONS:SGK-1 inhibition suppresses tumor growth, and in combination with systemic cisplatin exceeds the effect of cisplatin alone. Decreased expression of CD44 and HER 2 implies depletion of tumor stem cells, and less tumorigenicity. SGK-1 inhibition represents a potential modality of local control for palliation in advanced cases.