Abstract To investigate how high-intensity exercise influences an athlete's myocardial resilience and the correlation between myocardial resilience and markers of myocardial ischemic injury. Fifteen swimmers participated in high-intensity exercises. Cardiac ultrasound was performed before and after exercise on each subject. Left ventricular general strain, systolic general strain rate, and the differences (▴general strain and ▴ general strain rate, respectively), before and after exercise were analyzed. Blood was collected at the morning of the exercise day and 6 hours after exercise to measure cardiac enzyme indicators. The correlation between myocardial resilience and markers of myocardial injury were evaluated. Most cardiac enzymes concentrations increased after exercise (P < .05). Cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase MB, and cardiac troponin T were all correlated with the degree of ▴ peak strain (differential value of posterior wall basal segment before and after exercise) and ▴ peak strain rate (differential value before and after exercise) (P < .05). After high-intensity exercise, the concentrations of creatine kinase MB and cardiac troponin T in the blood are positively correlated with two-dimensional ultrasound deformation indices, proving the fact that the seindices can be used as a diagnostic basis for myocardial injury, and are more sensitive than general strain. The two-dimensional strain echocardiogram is non-invasive and easily accepted by the patient. It can make up for the shortage of myocardial enzymes in the injury areas, including weak timeliness and the inability to locate injury.

目的:对比高强度间歇运动(HIIT)与中等强度持续运动(MICT)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖控制和心血管风险因子的干预效果,为制定运动处方提供参考依据.方法:检索中国知网、万方数据、Pubmed/Medline、Cochrane Library、SPORTDiscus等数据库,纳入研究的文献满足:1)受试者年龄大于30岁,患有2型糖尿病且无其他严重影响受试者健康的并发症;2)开展了HIIT和MICT的对照实验,持续时间大于或等于8周;3)实验对象在接受干预时保持原有用药和膳食习惯;4)报告了干预前后的血糖和心血管风险因子指标.利用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析,计算各指标在本研究Meta分析时的偏倚风险、异质性、敏感性和效应量.结果:1)共纳入13篇研究,涉及337位T2DM患者,HIIT干预期间无心血管意外和心血管损伤事件发生;2)HIIT在改善糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素、峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)、体重、身体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)和腰臀比方面优于MICT(P<0.05);3)HIIT与MICT在改善空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、血压、安静心率、腰围和体脂率方面的效果无显著差异(P>0.05).结论:持续8～52周的HIIT在改善T2DM患者血糖控制、心肺功能和降低心血管风险因子方面是安全和有效的,并且具有比MICT更好的效果.

静坐少动行为或体力活动不足带来的心血管疾病和代谢性疾病等健康问题已成为当前重要的公共卫生问题之一.本文通过梳理静坐少动行为、体力活动与健康效益之间的关系,探讨了二者交互作用对健康效益的影响以及剂量-效应关系.综合研究认为:1.随着静坐少动时间的增加,与慢性疾病相关的风险因素逐渐增加,4～6 h/d是其剂量-效应的“阈剂量”,静坐少动时间与健康效益之间表现出非线性的剂量-效应曲线特征;2.间断性静坐少动行为比持续性静坐少动行为更有利于降低与慢性疾病相关的风险因素;3.增加体力活动或减少静坐时间均可促进健康效益;体力活动和静坐少动行为二者与健康效益之间存在着叠加/抵消的交互作用,二者与健康效益之间存在着剂量-效应关系,但其剂量-效应曲线模型特征还有待于进一步研究.

目的:旨在观察乳酸/GPR81信号通路是否参与调节电脉冲刺激(electrical pulse stimulation,EPS)诱发C2C12肌管细胞收缩诱导甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)堆积的过程.方法:首先用乳酸处理C2C12肌管细胞,比色法检测细胞中TG含量,Western Blot方法检测CREB、pCREB和β-actin蛋白含量;然后采用两种EPS方案(30 V 0.5 Hz 2 ms和30 V 1 Hz 2 ms)使C2C12肌管细胞收缩,比色法检测细胞中乳酸含量,化学发光法检测细胞中ATP含量,RT-PCR法检测MyHCI、MyHCIIa、MyHCIIb和MyHCIIx等mRNA含量;随后观察EPS处理后不同时间点C2C12肌管细胞中TG含量的变化,以建立EPS诱发的C2C12肌管细胞TG堆积模型;最后使用GPR81抑制剂3-OBA处理细胞,将C2C12肌管细胞分为6组(n=6):对照组、30 V 0.5 Hz 2 ms组、30 V 1 Hz 2 ms组、3-OBA组、3-OBA+30 V 0.5 Hz 2 ms组和3-OBA+30 V 1 Hz 2 ms组,比色法检测细胞内TG含量.结果:1)与对照组相比,乳酸显著增加C2C12肌管细胞中TG含量(P<0.05)并显著降低pCREB的蛋白含量(P<0.01);2)与未电刺激组相比,两种EPS方案均显著增加肌管细胞中乳酸含量(P<0.05),而显著降低细胞中ATP含量(P<0.01);同时,两组MyHCI和MyHCIIb mRNA含量均显著增加(P<0.05),而MyHCIIa和MyHCIIx mRNA含量变化不明显(P>0.05);在电刺激后36 h,细胞中TG含量均显著增加(P<0.05),而电刺激后12 h和24 h肌管细胞中TG含量未出现显著变化(P>0.05);3)与未刺激组相比,30 V 0.5 Hz 2 ms组C2C12肌管细胞中TG含量出现增加趋势(P=0.052),当使用3-OBA处理细胞后,这一现象无显著变化(P>0.05);而30 V 1 Hz 2 ms组TG含量出现非常显著增加(P<0.01),当使用3-OBA处理后,这一作用得到显著减弱(P<0.05).结论:长时间的EPS能够诱导肌管细胞收缩,增加乳酸和TG含量.乳酸/GPR81信号通路参与调节EPS诱发C2C12肌管细胞收缩诱导TG堆积的过程是骨骼肌细胞收缩诱导能源物质脂滴增加的分子机制之一.

PURPOSE: The study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of moderate intensity exercise on the level of autophagy in skeletal muscle of obese rats. Based on this, to further explore the effective exercise load for promoting the skeletal muscle autophagy, and the possible mechanism of enhanced autophagy in skeletal muscle of exercise-trained rats. METHODS: 40 11-week-old male SD rats were selected after 8 weeks adaptive feeding and divided into normal control group and high-fat group. These groups then further subdivided into exercise group(control trained group(CT), obese trained group(OT)) and sedentary groups(control sedentary group(CS), obesity sedentary group(OS)).CT and OT did the 60%-70%•VO2max treadmill training(5days/week,60min/day). After the 48h at the end of the last training, the LC3b,Beclin1 mRNA expression were tested in each group. RESULTS: After 8 weeks high fat diet intervention, the body weight of OS group was significantly higher than CS group(546.98±72.07gvs. 667.96±46.97g, p<0.01). After 8 weeks training, OS group were heavier than OT group(667.96g±46.97 vs. 586.05±32.77g,p<0.01),and OT group has more expression of LC3b mRNA(0.93±0.06 vs. 0.75±0.11, p=0.156)and Beclin1 mRNA(1.86±0.22 vs. 1.34±0.11, p=0.841). CONCLUSIONS:8 weeks high fat diet can significantly reduce the skeletal muscle autophagy activity in obese quiet rats, whereas 8 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise intervention can improve the obese rats the skeletal muscle autophagy activity.

探究长时间不同频率EPS对C2C12肌管细胞代谢指标和基因表达的影响,试图建立EPS诱发C2C12肌管细胞TG堆积和线粒体功能增强的细胞模型.方法:采用4种EPS方案诱发C2C12肌管细胞收缩,实验分为5组:对照组(C组)、30 V+2 ms+0.5 Hz组(0.5 Hz组)、30 V+2 ms+1 Hz组(1 Hz组)、30 V+2 ms+5 Hz组(5 Hz组)、30 V+2 ms+10 Hz组(10 Hz组).比色法检测细胞内TG、乳酸和ATP含量,RT-PCR方法检测细胞中IL-6、MyHCⅠ、MyHCⅡa、MyHCⅡb、MyHCⅡx、Cyt C和PGC-1α等mRNA含量.结果:1)与C组相比,EPS后即刻,频率0.5～10 Hz组乳酸含量非常显著增加(P<0.01);频率1 Hz和10 Hz组细胞中ATP含量均显著降低(P<0.05),其中频率0.5 Hz和5 Hz组细胞中ATP含量非常显著降低(P<0.01).2)与C组相比,频率0.5 Hz和1 Hz组MyHCⅠ和MyHCⅡb的mRNA含量显著增加(P<0.05),频率5 Hz组MHC4种亚型mRNA含量变化不明显(P>0.05),频率10 Hz组MyHCⅠ、MyHCⅡa和MyHCⅡb亚型mRNA含量非常显著降低(P<0.01),而MyHCⅡx亚型mRNA含量非常显著增加(P<0.01).3)与C组相比,频率0.5～10 Hz组PGC-1α 和Cyt C mRNA含量均显著增加(P<0.05),同时EPS增加了C2C12细胞中IL-6 mRNA的含量(P<0.05).4)与C组相比,4 d EPS方案停止后12 h,各组肌管细胞中TG含量均没有出现变化;4 d EPS方案停止后24 h,0.5 Hz组和1 Hz组肌管细胞中TG含量增加但无显著性(P>0.05);4 d EPS方案停止后36 h,0.5 Hz组和5 Hz组细胞中TG含量显著增加(P<0.05).结论:EPS方案(电压14 V、频率1 Hz、单次时长2 ms和每天2 h共2 d,紧接着,电压30 V、频率0.5 Hz或1 Hz或5 Hz、单次时长2 ms和每天3 h共2 d,EPS停止后36 h)能够明显诱发C2C12肌管细胞TG含量堆积和线粒体功能增强.

Kisspeptins, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, is unanimously recognised as essential regulators of regulating gonadotropin secretion. It is mainly expressed in the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus, and have a direct role in regulating energy balance. PURPOSE: To explore high fat diet(HFD) and moderate-intensity treadmill training (MIT) in modulating the hypothalamic expression of kiss-1 mRNA relative expression and kisspeptin-immunoreactivity in 3 weeks post-weaning rats. METHODS: The 3 weeks SD rats (weight= 58.54±2.69g) after 5 weeks high fat feeding, 30 HFD 8-weeks SD rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (HS, n=15), MIT (n=15), and 15 normal diet 8-weeks SD rats were assigned as sedentary (SS, n=15) group. During the following 5 weeks, HS group rats were continued expose to HFD. MIT group did the 60%-70%•VO2max treadmill training (5 days/week, 1 hour/day). RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to test the expression of hypothalamic Kiss1mRNA and the number of kisspeptin neurons in each group. RESULTS: After 5-weeks high fat feeding, the HFD rats were heavier than normal diet group (308.96±28.38g vs. 324.52±37.52g, p=0.139), and had more expression of kiss-1 mRNA (1.55±0.59 vs. 2.47±0.81, p<0.05) in the hypothalamic. The number of kisspeptin neurons in the ARC HFD group were also significantly higher than SS group (8.23±3.17 vs. 15.46±4.15, p<0.05). After 5-weeks training, MIT group weighted less than HS group (300.83±21.06g vs. 324.52±37.52g, p<0.05). In the same conditions of HFDintervention, compared with HS group, MIT group had lower hypothalamic expression of kiss-1 mRNA (2.47±0.81 vs. 1.6±0.22, p<0.05), and the number of kisspeptin neurons in ARC were also significantly lower than HS group (15.46±4.15 vs. 12.08±2.56, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High fat diet could increase the expression of kiss-1 mRNA and the number of kisspeptin neurons in ARC while increasing bodyweight;moderate-intensity treadmill training could reduce the stimulating effect of high fat diet induced weight gain and changes hypothalamic expression of kiss-1 and kisspeptin.

运动性肌腱损伤是与运动相关的肌腱损伤,包括肌腱炎和肌腱病变等慢性损伤,以及肌腱部分撕裂或完全断裂等急性损伤[1].该损伤影响运动员的正常训练,严重者甚至提前结束职业生涯.随着体育事业的发展,积极参与体育运动的人数猛增,我国腱病的发病率逐年增加.据相关研究报道,因肌腱过度使用造成的腱病占各种职业病总和的48％,肌腱损伤占运动损伤的30％～60％[2].肌腱损伤发病率在足球、篮球、排球、网球等球类和跑步项目中较高[3].

下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴是调控生殖系统的发育和功能的重要内分泌系统.下丘脑中促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)神经元,能够接收各种神经传导物质和神经调节物质的信号输入,引起HPG轴的级联反应.下丘脑弓状核(ARC)和前腹侧脑室周围核团(AVPV)中的kisspeptin-GPR54信号通路,可以调控GnRH的分泌和释放,影响性腺激素的分泌.近年来研究发现,性激素能够对下丘脑kisspeptin-GPR54信号通路产生反馈调节,且具有核团差异性.本文就性激素在下丘脑ARC和AVPV中对kisspeptin-GPR54信号通路反馈调节的差异性进行了综述,探讨下丘脑中不同核团对性激素刺激作用产生的不同反应.

目的:通过12周不同强度运动干预,从大鼠骨骼肌AMPK∕PGC-1α通路角度,研究运动改善心肺耐力的生物学机制.方法:40只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为安静组、小强度运动组(50％.VO2 max)、中强度运动组(65％.VO2 max)、大强度运动组(80％.VO2 max),每组10只.经3天适应性训练后测试大鼠最大摄氧量.运动组大鼠每天训练1 h,每周5天,共12周.训练期间每隔2周测试一次最大摄氧量.经过12周训练,于最后一次运动后48 h宰杀所有大鼠,取比目鱼肌(右侧).采用RT-qPCR法测定AMPK、PGC-1α基因表达,采用Western blot法测定AMPK、PGC-1α、磷酸化AMPK蛋白表达.结果:65％.VO2 max组和80％.VO2 max组最大摄氧量提升较快,而50％.VO2 max组在干预后期才出现明显升高;12周运动干预后,50％.VO2 max组和80％.VO2 max组PGC-1αmRNA表达显著高于安静组和中强度组(P<0.01),安静组和80％.VO2 max组AMPK mRNA表达显著低于中强度组(P<0.05,P<0.01);运动组PGC-1α蛋白表达高于安静组,其中65％.VO2 max组相比安静组具有显著性差异(P<0.05);AMPK蛋白表达组间相比没有显著差异,但中强度运动组和大强度运动组磷酸化AMPK相比安静组有所增加,大强度运动组增加幅度更大,显著高于安静组和小强度运动组(P<0.05).结论:随着运动强度的增加,骨骼肌磷酸化AMPK表达增加;运动强度越大不代表PGC-1α蛋白表达会越高;中强度运动对AMPK∕PGC-1α信号通路的影响可能更有益于心肺耐力的提升.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic capacity has a high heritability, and with the development of molecular biotechnology, molecular genetic marker screening is helpful for gene diagnosis and predicting aerobic capacity. OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interleukin-6 gene in endurance athletes, explore whether it can be used as a molecular genetic marker, and whether there is any association between interleukin-6 SNP and serum level of interleukin-6. METHODS: Two groups of subjects were selected. In the endurance group, 78 athletes of Han nationality and from northern plains who were engaged in endurance project (middle distance race, marathon race, or heel-and-toe walking race) for at least 2 years, and at least second-class sports grade were included. In the control group, 142 subjects who were Beijing city middle school students (nonobese or low body mass, 12 15 years old), and whose parents were of Han nationality from northern plains were included. Three SNP loci of interleukin-6 gene rs1800796 (-572C/G), rs2066992 (1430T/G) and rs13306436 (4477G/A) were typed by PCR-RFLP, and the serum level of interleukin-6 was tested by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was gender difference in -572C/G genotype distribution in the endurance group (P < 0.05), and the genotype distribution of the female endurance group was higher than that of the female control group (P=0.095). In the female endurance group CC genotype accounted for 61.1%, and CG+GG genotype accounted for 38.9%. In the female control group, CC genotype accounted for 43.0, and CG+GG genotype accounted for 57.0. The serum level of interleukin-6 of female athletes with -572C/G locus CC genotype in the female endurance group was lower than that in the female control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the serum level of interleukin-6 in athletes with -572C/G locus CC genotype in the endurance group was lower than that in the control group (P=0.070). The rs1800796 of interleukin-6 gene is a molecular marker of female endurance athletes. The serum level of interleukin-6 in female athletes with CC genotype at rs1800796 is lower than that in female controls. Rs1800796, rs2066992 and rs13306436 of interleukin-6 are not genetic markers for male athletes. Further study should focus on expanding the sample size. Subject headings: Interleukin 6; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genes; Tissue Engineering Funding: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30570897

Objective Through 12 weeks exercise interventions of different exercise volume (1200kal/w or 2000kcal/w) on 40-49 years old male subjects，trying to explore the effect of exercise intervention on the d risk indicators of ECG (ST、QTcd) during the exercise, to provide a scientific basis for the public health in the future . Methods The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups. (1)control group (n=9); (2) low volume group (n=7); (3) high volume group (n=8). The exercise group exercise intervention lasted 12 weeks. The indices of HRV at rest and risk indices of ECG (ST、QTcd)during exercise. Results (1) Compared the underdraught of ST segment during exercise before and after the intervention, we found that exercise intervention did not produce significant change, and QTcd during the exercise in both high and low volume group after the intervention was significantly lower than before (P <0.05). (2) Compared the difference of ECG indices during exercise before and after, we found that descender of QTcd in low volume was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), while the descender of QTcd in high group was very significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). The difference of ST segment in different group did not have significantly change. Conclusions (1) 12 weeks exercise intervention (intensity of 65-80% VO2max, exercise volume of 2000kcal/w) has no effect under the pressure amplitude of the ST segment during the exercise. (2) 12 weeks exercise intervention (intensity of 65-80% VO2max, exercise volume of 2000kcal/w) produce QTcd during exercise significantly reduced, reducing the risk of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.

Objective Childhood obesity is a worldwide health problem which may causes metabolic diseases such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperuricemia. It is well know that lipid metabolites regulate fatty acid and glucose homeostasis. Lipidomics is the comprehensive analysis of lipid metabolites which include their quantitation and metabolic pathways. The intention of this study is to identify the circulating lipid species which are altered in obese prepubertal boys. Methods A total number of 72 boys aged 10.28 ±0.69 years old were included into this study, and divided into normal(NC), overweight(OW) and obese group(OB). The degree of maturation of all boys were measured by bone age and sex hormones. Then we measured the form indexes, blood lipids, blood glucose level to identify the current state of all boys. Serum indexes were detected by CLIA and ELISA methods. A lipidomic method was established by using a Waters Acquity UPLCI-Class liquid system combined with Waters Xevo G2-SQ-TOF mass spectrometry system. The identification and analysis of lipid metabolites were complished by using MassLynx 4.1, Progenesis QI software and LipidMaps database. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS22.0 software. Results (1)The waist-to-hip ratio, bone age and HDL-c levels ware significant lower in OW and OB groups. The TG level was significant higner in OB group. The DHEA and SHBG levels was significant higner in OW and OB groups and the other sex hormones are not . (2) In this study, 153 most significant different lipid metabolites were founded, incluing 3 diacylglycerol, 32 triglyceride, 1 Phosphatidyl cholines, 1 Phosphatidylinositol, 3 Sphingomyelin, 1 Ceramide which significant higher in OW&OB group; 4 diacylglycerol, 17 Phosphatidic acid, 32 Phosphatidyl cholines, 4 Phosphatidylinositol, 13 Phosphatidylserine, 18 Phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 3 Phosphoglycerides, 13 Sphingomyelin and 6 Ceramide which significant lower in OW&OB group. Among all this metabolites, 8 lipids (fold change ≥5) were founded as the significant biomarkers related prepubertal obesity , including 1 Phosphatidyl cholines, 1 phosphatidylserine, 2 sphingomyelin and 4 Triglyceride. What’s more, the level of SM(d16:1/24:0) and TG(15:0/17:1/20:3) which measured by UPLC-QTOF/MS are highly positive correlated with the level of serum SHBG; PC(18:0/0:0) and TG(16:1/18:0/20:3) are highly negtive correlated with serum SHBG. Conclusions Overweight and obese prepubertal boys showed disorder in lipid metabolism and bone growth. The lipidomic results showed lower SHBG level is related with the disorder of lipid metabolism. We suggest that further studies on these metabolites could help us gain a better understanding of the relationship between obesity and growth disorder.

Kisspeptin, in addition to reflects its ability to inhibit cancer metastasis, which have been implicated in the regulation of GnRH secretion with its receptor GPR54, play an essential role in normal reproduction and pubertal development. PURPOSE: To explore the moderate-intensity treadmill training (MIT) in modulating the hypothalamic expression of kiss-1 and its G protein coupled receptor -GPR54 mRNA relative expression in the different time of puberty. METHODS: 3 weeks male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight:62.03±3.13) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=36): control group (n=18) and the MIT group (n=18). MIT group did the 60%-70%V(·)O2max treadmill training (5 days/week,1 hour/day). All the rats were used to detect the hypothalamic expressions of kiss-1 and GPR54 mRNA, animals in the both groups were sacrificed , which on the week of 5 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks. RESULT: Compared with C group, every weeks of the rats’ MIT group had lower hypothalamic expression of kiss-1 mRNA and GPR54 mRNA. Especially the kiss-1 mRNA, After moderate-intensity treadmill training, compare with the control groups , the 5 weeks(0.22±0.09 vs 2.28±0.49, p<0.01), 6 weeks(1.09±0.13 vs 1.73±0.18,p<0.01), 8 weeks(0.69±0.21 vs 2.82±0.79) kiss-1 mRNA had significant reduced. All the MIT groups’ hypothalamic expression of GPR54 mRNA had lower than C groups, especially at the age of 6 weeks(0.58±0.1 vs 0.79±0.23,p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:MIT could reduce the hypothalamic expression of kiss-1 and its receptor GPR54mRNA in the puberty development of male rats, and kiss-1mRNA are more affected.

Objective To investigate the effect of acute exercises of different intensities on the "browning" of epididymal white adipose tissue(WAT) in rats.Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into a control group(C,n=6) and an exercises group(E,n=24).Rats in group E were further randomly divided into a moderate intensity exercise (EM,n=12,V=15 m/min) group and a high intensity intermittent exercise(EH,n=12,V=35 m/min,6min's exercises followed by 5 min's rest,repeating 3 times) group.Right after and 6 hours after the acute exercises,the epididymal WAT was taken,and the fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing 5 protein(FNDC5) and the uncoupling protein 1(UCP-1) mRNA were detected using RT-qPCR,while the level of FNDC5 and UCP-1 protein was evaluated using Western Blotting.Results Right after the acute exercises,compared with group C,the level of FNDC5 mRNA in group EH increased significantly (P＜0.01),while that of UCP-1 mRNA in group E decreased immediately(P＜0.05) but increased significantly six hours later(P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the level of FNDC5 in groups EM and EH tended to rise,and that of group EM increased significantly(P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the level of UCP-1 in group EM and EH had the tendency to rise,and it increased significantly immediately after exercises in group EH (P＜0.05).Conclusion The acute exercise at different intensities can promote the level of FNDC5 and UCP-1 in epididymal white adipose tissue,"browning" and heat production from fat issues.The level of UCP-1 mRNA increased significantly at 6 hours after exercises,while that of FNDC5 mRNA increased most immediately after the high-intensity intermittent exercises.

现代社会生活方式的改变,给人类健康带来极大的威胁.通过增加日常体力活动量(约占总能量消耗量的20％),可以有效减少和控制慢性非传染性疾病的发生和发展,减轻社会医疗负担.便携式遥测气体代谢仪可测量自由状态下的体力活动量,因而被广泛应用于智能手机、可穿戴和虚拟现实设备的开发和应用,以及竞技体育科研等健康促进领域的研究,目前对便携式遥测气体代谢仪准确的使用范围知之不深.本文对常见的几种便携式遥测气体代谢仪(包括:Cosmed K4b2、Metamax 3B/VmaxST、Oxycon Mobile、VO2000)在不同环境、不同条件下测量的信度和效度及其核心指标VO2、VCO2和VE进行分析,以期为相关的研究和应用提供参考.

癌症已经成为全世界第2大死亡诱因.研究表明,欧洲9%~19%的癌症发生率归因于体力活动不足.为了降低癌症风险,生活习惯干预(体力活动增加)可能成为一种经济且长期有效的癌症控制措施.通过在Pubmed和Highwire等网站中检索关键词"physical activ-ity"、"leisure-time physical activity"、"exercise"、"cancer"、"risk"、"mechanism"和"biological changes"等关键词,分析相关文献,对体力活动/运动和癌症风险之间关系以及体力活动/运动影响致癌作用的可能机制进行综述,以期为推广和提倡通过增加体力活动来预防癌症和增进健康生活方式提供理论支持.研究结果:1.无论肥胖与否,体力活动增加与多种类型癌症发生风险降低相关.2.体力活动降低癌症风险的最可能生化机制包括直接抗癌机制和间接抗癌机制,直接抗癌机制包括:代谢类激素、表观遗传学影响、氧化应激、免疫力、慢性炎症等,间接抗癌机制包括:体重降低和雌激素、脂肪因子、维生素D和阳光暴露、心理上幸福感等.研究结论:1)建议将体力活动增加作为预防癌症风险的一种有效干预措施;2)体力活动通过直接抗癌机制和间接抗癌机制降低多种癌症发生风险.

Objective:Long time exercise training significantly increase mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle cells,but the mechanism is unclear.The aim of this study is to investigate whether lactate is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function maintenance in C2C12 cell,and to investigate whether its role is dependent on the pyruvate.Methods:The C2C12 myotubes were treated with lactate,pyruvate and Galloflavin.The concentration of pyruvate and the ac-tivity of pyruvate dehydrogenase were measured by colorimetric method.The protein contents of MCAT,lipoylation,PDHE2 and β-actin were detected by West-ern blot.Results:1.Compared with the control,16mmol/L lactate very significantly increase the expression of MCAT protein in myotube in time course manner (P<0.01).And 2-64mmol/L lactate very significantly increased the protein expression of MCAT in myotubes in dose-dependent fashion(P<0.01).2.Com-pared with the control,16mmol/L lactate very significantly increase lipoylation level of PDH in myotubes in time course manner(P<0.01),but the protein con-tent of PDHE2 did not change.3.Compared with the control,the protein activity of PDH in myotubes was increased by 16mmol/L lactate(P<0.05).4.Compared with the control,16mmol/L pyruvate did not significantly change the protein level of MCAT in time course manner,even the protein level of MCAT was de?creased after 8h treatment(P<0.05).5.Compared with the control,16mmol/L pyruvate did not significantly change the lipoylation level of PDH in time course manner,even the lipoylation level of PDH was decreased after 8h treatment(P<0.05).6.Compared with the control,intracellular pyruvate content significantly increased after the lactate treatment(P<0.05).The content of pyruvate increase by lactate was significantly attenuated by pre-treatment of C2C12 cells with Galloflavin(P<0.05).However,50 μmol/L Galloflavin treatment did not affect the effect of lactate on the protein expression of MCAT(P>0.05).Conclusions:Lactate is involved in the regulation of cell mitochondrial function maintenance in C2C12 cells independent pyruvate.