Moral education integrated into course instruction is a new approach to explore and innovate moral cultivation.The approach aims at instilling virtues and work ethics in all courses,by all teachers and through all channels.Narrative medicine is a tool for cultivating medical students’ “patient-caring and life-respecting spirit” and a way for practicing medical humanities.The integration of moral education into Narrative Medicine course will provide an effective way for cultivating medical students’ personal virtues,professional ethics and social conscience.This paper introduces the course design of such integrated narrative medicine courses,and indicates the necessity and consistency of such integration.

Introduction to narrative medicine introduces the framework and theory of narrative medicine.The course incorporates specific clinical cases to enlighten the learners,which helps moral cultivation take root in the medical curriculum.This paper showcases the course design and teaching arrangements of introduction to narrative medicine,with an emphasis on both the lecturing of theory and discussions of practical implications,highlighting the significance of medical ethics in clinical practice.

“Moral cultivation and talent nurturing”is an essential part of education.The medicine and literature course can play an important role in the moral education of medical students.As a foundational course of narrative medicine,medicine and literature not only helps improve students’ comprehensive quality and humanistic quality,but also offers two signature tools to cultivate their narrative competence.This paper explores the different ways to teach moral principles and beliefs in the modules of medicine and literature course.

介绍了北京大学医学部的文学与医学导论课程的教学探索.课程主要以文学作品为依托,通过文学作品中的涉医话题,如医学生的教育和成长、生死教育、医生形象、疾病叙事等,培养医学生的共情能力、伦理决策能力、临床想象力、语言和非语言沟通技巧、反思能力、疾病体验能力等.经过逐步调整和完善,形成了模块化教学、研讨班形式、反思性写作、全球竞争力提升和教学促科研等特色,并反思了遇到的挑战,展望了未来发展空间,以期为更多的文学与医学教学实践提供借鉴.

一组由英国艺术家Damien Hirst创作、描绘胎儿在子宫内生长发育过程的巨型系列雕塑在卡塔尔(Qatari)的一家医院门前第二次被揭幕后,这家医院已枕戈待旦,随时准备应对公众的质疑. 这组雕塑名为“奇迹之旅(The Miraculous Journey)”,由14座各具特色的青铜雕塑组成,最后一座是一尊14米(46英尺)高的新生儿雕塑.这组雕塑最初曾于2013年在这家妇幼医院门外首次向公众公布,但在随即引发的一场社交媒体骚动之后就又被遮挡起来了.

It is necessary for medical educators to understand how medical students construct their identities after entering medical schools and what the influencing factors are in this process.By using the personality and social structure perspective model,this research did a qualitative analysis of medical students' construction of professional identity based on 92 parallel charts written by graduate students majoring in clinical medicine.This study shows that writing parallel charts has positive effect on medical students' professional identity construction.It also provides some implications on improving medical education by using narrative medicine and parallel charts.

Objective This study examined the curriculum of the Biomedical English Program of Peking University Health Science Center and identified issues in its design,in an attempt to inform improvement efforts in this regard.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to 92 undergraduates enrolled to this program between 2010 and 2012,where the students were required to rate the perceived importance of all the 93 courses in the program and give feedback on the current curriculum and curriculum system.Results Medical courses were perceived to be significantly less important than language courses [(3.76±0.20) vs (4.15±0.34),F=24.42,P＜0.001].The students suggested that issues existed in the current curriculum concerning scope,depth,transition and term distribution;that the ratios of compulsory and medical courses were too large;and that there was a lack of cohesion between medical and language courses.Conclusions It is necessary to adjust the curriculum by consolidating medical courses,increasing elective courses on the language side,fostering greater cohesion of medical science and language training,and creating online courses.

医学人文素质在医学实践中的落脚点就是共情能力.借助叙事医学与平行病历的理论和方法,北大医学部开展共情教学实验,利用医学人文的理论指导医学生医学人文素质的培养.

OBJECTIVE:To identify changing levels and patterns of abortion in China among married women, and the determinants of these changes. STUDY DESIGN:Based on data from four nationwide surveys conducted by the Chinese National Population and Family Planning Commission in 1988, 1997, 2001 and 2006, this paper analyzed abortion rates by age, residence, and education. To minimize recall error, only the pregnancy history of the 5-10 years before the survey was used. RESULTS:Overall abortion levels in China fluctuated in the period 1970-1990, but declined markedly after 1991. The profile of women resorting to abortion has shifted from older, rural, less educated women, toward younger, urban, more educated women, at a rate beyond the change in composition of the population as a whole. Young, urban, educated women are also the demographic group more likely to employ "user controlled", short term methods. CONCLUSION:The findings are consistent with a gradual shift in the Chinese family planning programme, increasingly meeting the principles of the International Conference on Population and Development, which calls for making contraception accessible, and thereby helping women avoid recourse to abortion. Future reproductive health programmes should allow women more autonomy in socio-economic factors affecting their reproductive health.

医疗服务的种种趋势要求医生更多地参与管理并承担管理角色.医学专业知识的扩展和系统化、医疗服务预算的约束、医疗服务享有者的知情权、对医疗职业态度的变化等几大因素已使得对医务人员监管、定岗和规范的方式发生了改变.医生在职业生涯中所提供的服务会不断转变,对此他们必须作好充分准备.然而,传统的医疗培训注重的是医生在临床决策中的自主权和职业忠诚度,而非组织价值观.

OBJECTIVETo examine the influence of China's economic reforms on population health and regional mortality rates.METHODSLongitudinal study measuring the mortality trends and their regional variations. Using data from the three most recent national censuses, we used the model life table to adjust the mortality levels within the population for each census, and to calculate life expectancy. We then examined the variation in patterns of mortality and population health by economic status, region and gender from 1980-2000.RESULTSLife expectancy varied with economic status, province, and gender. Results showed that, although life expectancy in China had increased overall since the early 1980s, regional differences became more pronounced. Life expectancy for populations who live in the eastern coastal provinces are greater than those in the western regions.CONCLUSIONDifferences in life expectancy are primarily related to differences in regional economic development, which in turn exacerbate regional health inequalities. Therefore, it is necessary to improve economic development in less developed regions and to improve health policies and the public health system that address the needs of everyone.