根据大尺度滨海湿地植物地理分布数据和环境气象信息,通过植物区系谱、主坐标分析、聚类分析和典范对应分析(CCA)探讨中国滨海湿地植物地理分布与环境因子的关系.研究表明:(1)中国主要滨海湿地植物地理分布特点呈现出纬向地带性分异,随着纬度降低,温带区系地理成分比例大致呈现出逐渐降低,而热带成分逐渐升高的规律;(2)18个主要滨海湿地可分为5类,呈现了中国主要滨海湿地植物地理空间分异与陆域植物区系分区的基本一致性;(3)影响植物地理分布的主要因子为纬度、年均降水量和年均气温,其中纬度是滨海湿地植物地理分布格局的首要影响因子,而7月均温和年均日照时间影响较小.纬度、年均降水量、年均气温和1月均温是影响滨海湿地植物区系分布组成的主要因素.

地方本科院校在服务区域经济发展,培养相关行业企业所需人才的过程中发挥着重要的作用.辽东学院园艺专业抓住机遇,精准定位,更新理念,基于人才培养和师资队伍建设,科研示范地方、校企合作,服务社会等方面,不断加强培育,突出特色,探索多方位实现专业向应用型转变,为辽东农业产业转型和升级提供了有力支撑.

当今特色明显的高校和高质量个性化的人才十分缺少,大学及人才培养的趋同性日益凸显.本文论述了应用型本科大学的个性化发展是培养出有创新性人才的前提和基础,个性化教育不仅是应用型本科大学素质教育的核心问题,也是培养创新型人才的必然要求,应高度重视、认真研究、精心设计适合我国高等教育发展的个性化教育体系.

从应用型人才的培养目标出发,课程教学组织形式等方面的改革势在必行.从教学反馈来看,这些改革在培养学生的创新思维能力和实践应用能力等方面具有重要作用.

Rural tourism space constructed by greenway networks is an important carrier for the development of rural tourism. A more efficient spatial pattern of network can effectively promote the ecological, comprehensive and experiential development of rural tourism. This paper examined the construction of ecological experience tourism space in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, a National Rural Tourism Demonstration County. Methods of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), suitability and accessibility analysis conducted in GIS and multi-scale greenway planning were used to establish the greenway networks for rural tourism development. The greenway networks multi-element forms a rural ecological experience tourism space. The results suggested that the regional landscape resources, roads, water system, slope angles and green patches have important influence on the greenway routes selection. The landscape resource is the most important factor (weight 0.431). Suitable land for greenway construction is the open space along riverside or original road line, which is closely combined with the mountain terrain texture. The greenway network is composed of "one axis, two bands and multi-lines". They make a global distribution of tourism lines and facilities, by providing touring routes include specific features, such as mountain landscape routes, Yalu River landscape routes, diversified rural landscape routes, and setting up 3 level service sites connected with spacial nodes. Critical considerations for the construction of urban and rural ecological greenway network include: the design should be based on local conditions to expand ecological experience space; plan multi-level green roads to strengthen urban and rural transport links; integrate urban and rural space to promote the co-construction of facilities; integrate rural feature landscape resources to increase the depth of tourism experience; connect point-line series to promote multi-industry association and multi-subject participation.

矗立于东北亚地区的长白山,是欧亚大陆东源的最高山系,是我国吉林省和辽宁省一脉相承、牢固相依的山水屏障,是中国和朝鲜、俄罗斯一衣带水、紧密相连的天地坐标.辽阔富饶的长白山地区激发着国内优秀儿女壮志有为的创业热情.美丽纯净的长白山天池印证着中朝两国人民的历史沧桑和深情厚谊.

为了探讨因人地关系冲突而导致的湿地环境问题,促进湿地社区经济与湿地保护的可持续协调发展.采用李克特量表法设计测验量表问卷,分析鸭绿江口湿地当地居民对湿地知识了解程度,湿地保护意识与环保行为的相关性.结果表明:鸭绿江口湿地社区公众对浅层环境知识认知较多,而对深层环保知识则知之甚少.湿地社区居民湿地保护意识和行为倾向比较积极,而湿地正向的环境行为表现较弱,湿地环境态度和行为存在一定脱节和依赖政府的现象.建议政府应加强对社会公众鸭绿江口湿地环保知识的宣传和普及,并积极建立和健全湿地补偿机制,将发展湿地社区经济与湿地保护有效地结合起来.

以丹东市2015年Quickbird卫星影像为数据源,借助Arcgis10.0软件,选取旅游资源、 开敞空间边缘、 交通线路、 地形坡度、 绿地斑块5个因子,对丹东城乡生态旅游的绿道潜在线路进行定量分析和适宜性评价,经过绿道线路优化,确定适合城乡联系和生态旅游发展的绿道线路最优方案.结果表明:基于GIS的城乡生态旅游绿道规划,评价过程直观科学、 结果明确,通过优化的绿道线路更加具有科学性和合理性.

为适应高校转型发展,培养服务地方经济发展的应用技术型人才,采用"三位一体"人才培养模式,培养具备园艺技术基本知识和技能,能在园艺产品生产管理岗位从事相关的基地管理、植物生产和经营服务等工作的应用技术人才,作出一系列的探索和实践,起到的较好的效果.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of visitors ’ social and economic background on their environmental attitude and environmental behavior in Yalu River National Scenic Spot .Likert 5 scale method were used , 406 valid questionnaires were collected and studied by multivariate analysis of variance .The results showed that visitor ’ s age , gender , schooling , occupation and income have effect on their environmental attitude . Visitors paid more attention to ecological relationship and environmental interpretation , as well as the public bene-fit, but their environmental duty is not so well .Statistical analysis showed the above socio -demographic factors significantly affect their environmental behavior .They focused on environmental sustention and sustainable protec-tion positively but not actively on participative behavior .They paid less attention to environmental disturbance .Fi-nally, some advice about ecological management is put forward .

[目的]研究医巫闾山植物区系组成及与其他山地间大尺度植物类群的相互关系及分布格局.[方法]以位于辽西走廊低山丘陵区的医巫闾山植物区系为研究对象,基于植物地理学理论和外业调查,采用植物区系谱、主成分分析、排序及最小生成树、相关分析和聚类分析等方法,研究了医巫闾山植物区系组成,并分析了医巫间山与其他山地植物区系属的分布格局及相似关系.[结果](1)医巫闾山有野生维管植物105科374属804种,其中蕨类植物10科12属21种,裸子植物3科5属7种,被子植物92科357属776种.优势科属现象明显,单种属和少种属所占比例较大,表现出一定的古老残遗性.(2)种子植物属的地理成分主要以温带成分为主,占总属数的78.83％,其次为热带成分,占19.22％,温带成分以北温带分布和旧世界温带分布所占比例较高,分别为温带分布总属数的52.07％和17.36％.(3)对医巫闾山等20个山地植物区系的主成分分析表明,前3个主成分的累积贡献率为87.2％,纬度与14个植物区系成分中的13个均呈显著相关,14个植物区系成分与经度的相关性弱于其与纬度的相关性.主成分排序和最小生成树均将20个山地区系分为4个组别,聚类分析基本上与主成分分析结果一致,即医巫间山与东灵山、雾灵山、努鲁儿虎山等山地植物区系相似关系最为密切.[结论]医巫闾山野生维管植物种类丰富多样,辽东半岛植物区系可划归为华北植物区系,纬度是影响医巫闾山山地植物区系分布格局的主要因子.

To provide the basis of ecology and biodiversity conservation in coastal islands,We conducted floristic spectrum,diversity index,principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis to reveal distribution patterns and floristic relationships of coastal islands(chose from Bohai,Huanghai,Donghai and Naihai in different latitude area)in China.Results showed that:(1)with the decrease of latitude,a decreasing trend can be observed on the proportions of temperate elements at genus-level,while those of tropical elements showed contrary patterns,which may be strongly corelated with their different ecological characters and energy distribution;(2)Compared with other coastal islands,floristic Shannon index(1.887-2.197)and Simpson index(0.780-0.865)have no obvious difference.Pearson correlation is significant at the 0.01 level by correlation analysis,and the coefficients are between 0.199 and 0.997.(3)Two-dimentional scatter plot of PcoA and cluster dendrogram based on the floristic spectrum demonstrated floras of 22 coastal islands were divided into 5groups,North-south latitude distribution pattern and similarity of the floristic of22 coastal islands in China was revealed accordingly.

Coastal wetlands are biologically important landscapes and among the most vulnerable ecosystems on Earth. Floristic spectrum,correlation analysis,principal coordinate analysis( PCO) and cluster analysis were conducted to reveal the floristic similarity of different coastal wetlands from China. Results showed that: with the decrease in latitude,a decreasing trend was observed in the proportions of temperate elements at the genus-level,while those of tropical elements showed contrary patterns,which may be strongly correlated with their different ecological characters and energy distribution; compared with other coastal wetlands,the floristic Shannon-Weiner index showed obvious differences( 1. 430- 2.154),while the Simpson index showed no obvious differences( 0. 662-0. 842). Correlation was significant at the 0. 01 level by correlation analysis,with coefficients between 0. 369 and 0. 989. A twodimensional PCO scatter plot and dendrogram based on the floristic spectra of nine coastal wetland flora were drawn,with the coastal wetland flora divided into five groups. Distribution patterns and floristic similarities of the nine coastal wetlands from China were revealed accordingly. Results indicated that these methods objectively reflected the areal-type similarities of different coastal wetlands at the genus-level, which should improve our understanding of the floristic similarities of coastal wetlands.

基于植物地理学理论,运用聚类模型、排序分析和最小生成树等数量方法,对辽宁仙人洞自然保护区植物区系地理组成、与其他山系植物区系的相似性进行了分析.结果表明,仙人洞自然保护区野生种子植物物种组成丰富,共有96科362属764种.被子植物占物种总数量的97.64％,其中双子叶植物占82.32％;属的地理成分以温带成分为主,共有236属,占总属数的74.67％,处于中国-日本森林植物亚区暖温带—温带的过渡范围内,划归于华北植物区系平原山地亚地区.在与之进行比对研究的16个山体中,仙人洞自然保护区种子植物属的分布区类型与凤凰山、千山、太行山、五台山、小五台山和东灵山有着较大的相似性,而纬度是影响植物地理分布的重要因素.

通过多样性指数、植物区系谱、相关分析和聚类分析等方法,对辽宁白石砬子国家级自然保护区植物区系多样性进行定量分析.结果表明:该区植物种类丰富,以被子植物、双子叶植物为主,优势科、属现象明显,单种属和少种属比例较高,有一定残遗性;种的分布型多样,来源较广泛,特有性不明显,区系温带属性较强,热带成分比较少,表明该区温带植物区系历史起源;与相邻植物区系多样性比较,Shannon-Wiener指数差异显著,其中泰山和昆嵛山较高,白石砬子和长白山较低,Simpson指数差异不明显;不同山地植物区系之间相似程度显著,相关系数为0.839～0.995,聚类分析显示:东北和华北植物区系的相似性及纬度分布格局,支持辽东半岛植物小区划归于华北山地植物亚地区的观点.

To investigated the vascular floristic characteristics of Baishilazi Natural Reserve in China,we conducted plot survey,diversity index,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.Our results showed that:(1)1 056 species of vascular plants(442 genera,114 families) were recorded in Baishilazi.It is abundant of species and notable in dominant family and genus phenomenon.The flora is ancient and has not obvious phenomenon of endemic species.The dominance of temperate elements is obvious and tropical elements are less.(2)Compared with adjacent mountains,floristic Shannon-Wiener index are obvious differences,while simpson index are not.Shannon-Wiener index of Mt.Tai and Mt.Culai are quite high,while the others are not.(3)According to the relativity of flora from different mountains,their correlation is significant at the 0.01 level,and the coefficients are between 0.835 and 0.994.Cluster analysis deduces that boundary of Changbai flora and Huabei flora is located between Baishalazi and Fenghuang Mountain.Vegetation should be protcted in order to make a good habitat environment for sustainable development and region ecological security.

Based on line investigation and quadrat investigation,species composition and ecological characteristics of the macrofungi in the Fenghuang Mountain were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that: a total of 102 species of macrofungi were recorded,belonging to 62 genera of 24 families.The habitals where they were found could be sorted into types of broadleaf mix forest,coniferous forest and shrubby wasteland.By trophic type,they could be grouped into lignicolous(46 species),entomophilous(55 species),ectomycorrhizal(58 species),and entomogenous species(1 specie).From the geographical elements,it is grouped into: Cosmopolitan(58.1%),Pantropical(12.9%),Tropical Asia & Tropical Africa(3.2%) and North Temperate(25.84%).Cosmopolitan and North Temperate element are the characteristics of the region.Vegetation should be protcted in order to maintain sustainable utilization of macrofungi resources and forest ecosystem balance.

通过野外实地调查,利用植物区系谱、多样性指数、相关分析和聚类模型等方法,对辽宁老秃顶子植物区系多样性进行量化分析,揭示山地生物多样性特点、规律以及与周边植被生态的关系.结果表明:(1)辽宁老秃顶子自然保护区种子植物种类组成丰富,共有野生种子植物123科429属1 006种,且优势科现象明显,单种属和少种属占比率较高,表现出一定古老残遗性.(2)老秃顶子自然保护区植物种的区系分布型多样,区系组成复杂,来源较广泛,具有一定古老性,但植物特有现象不明显,以温带性质分布种为主,符合暖温带北部的华北植物区系特点.(3)老秃顶子山与相邻9个山地比较,植物区系Shannon-Wiener指数差异明显(1.736～2.259),其中庐山和徂徕山的Shannon-Wiener指数较高,而白石砬子和长白山的较低;10个山地的Simpson指数差异不显著(0.711 4～0.871 5).(4)相关性分析显示,10个不同山地植物区系之间的相似程度显著,相关系数达0.617～0.995;聚类分析显示,老秃顶子山与千山、凤凰山的植物区系关系较近.本研究结果支持老秃顶子山、千山和凤凰山共同划归华北植物区系的观点,认为把老秃顶子山保护区植物区系划归于华北山地植物亚地区较为合理.

Plant diversity in the wetland around the Yalu River estuary was studied by route,sample plot survey and cluster analysis.It was found that there were abundant and various plant species in this area.The majority were angiosperms and dicotyledonous plants,appearing as remarkable dominant family.The single-species and few-species genera of angiosperm were rich,showing some relict phenomenon.The distribution types were various and complex with a long history,but short of endemic genera and species.The obvious dominance of temperate elements and plentiful tropical elements show that the flora in this area had close genetic relationship with tropical flora,indicating characteristics of plant crossing.It is proposed that the plant diversity in this area should be protected so as to make a good habitat environment for migratory bird and region ecological security.

To understand the community-forest relationship,differences in perceptions toward forest attitudes of the residents in different communities were examined by taking Beijing Baihuashan Nature Reserve as example with analysis of variance and other statistic methods used in data process.The results indicated that significant differences existed in the attitude of mountainous forests among those different in age,education background,occupation,and incomes.It was high in forest environmental cognitive degree,significant in behavioral tendency,but low in actual behavioral score.There existed the disjunction between awareness and conducts,as well as government-dependency.Suggestions were put forward to reduc vulnerability in forest protection,such as to raise education level,reinforce infrastructure,combine raising living standard with the protection of forests.