Handgrip strength (HGS) is an accessible marker of muscle function and a potential indicator of cognitive health in older adults. However, the relationship between HGS and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the potential role of depression in that association, remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, 1289 Chinese older adults were recruited between April 2024 and June 2025. HGS was measured using an electronic hand dynamometer, depression was assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, and cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, stratified analyses, and joint association analyses were performed. An exploratory mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether depression was associated with the relationship between HGS and cognitive function. Participants had a mean age of 73.27 ± 12.11 years, and 41.82

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented social interventions that altered ambient air quality, population behavior, and healthcare-seeking. Whether these interventions modified the short-term association between air pollutants and respiratory health, and in which direction, remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a time-series study of daily respiratory outpatient visits (ICD-10: J00–J99, R04–R07, and R09) from a tertiary hospital in Xi’an, China, from January 2020 to December 2025. The study period was stratified into three COVID-19 phases: strict control (2020–2022), transition (Jan–Jun 2023), and post-pandemic (Jul 2023–2025). Generalized additive models with quasi-Poisson regression evaluated associations between PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 and outpatient visits, adjusting for meteorological confounders, temporal trends, and phase. Pollutant-by-phase interaction terms tested for effect modification.ResultsA total of 2,052,777 respiratory outpatient visits were recorded over 2,192 days. In full-period models, SO2 (lag4: ER = 9.11, 95% CI: 3.86–14.64%) and NO2 (lag5: ER = 2.72, 95% CI: 2.05–3.40%) showed the strongest associations. Phase-stratified analysis showed that the SO2 association was stronger during the strict control period (ER = 18.40, 95% CI: 10.29–27.11%) than the post-pandemic period (ER = 2.91, 95% CI: −4.82–11.28%), and the NO2 association followed the same pattern (3.07% vs. 1.31%). Formal interaction tests supported this gradient (SO2 × phase p = 0.13, NO2 × phase p = 0.15) but did not reach statistical significance, whereas PM2.5 and O3, which lack a dominant indoor combustion source, showed essentially no evidence of interaction (both p > 0.9). A localized Air Quality Health Index identified NO2 (55.4%) and SO2 (36.5%) as the dominant contributors to respiratory health risk.ConclusionContrary to the assumption that lockdowns would uniformly attenuate pollution–health effects, the health associations of combustion-source pollutants (SO2, NO2) in Xi’an were consistently stronger during strict COVID-19 control than the post-pandemic period, though formal interaction tests did not reach statistical significance. This pattern is consistent with, but does not confirm, an indoor exposure amplification mechanism in which prolonged home confinement increased cumulative exposure to residential heating emissions. These findings should be regarded as hypothesis-generating and indicate that reduced outdoor air pollution does not automatically translate into reduced health risk when population behavior changes substantially.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between time to admission (TTA) and long-term mortality in patients with hip fractures, enabling surgeons to assess individual risks and prevent adverse outcomes. Methods: Demographic and clinical data of patients with hip fractures were obtained from medical records in our hospital. Patients aged 65 years or older were included. TTA was defined as the time from injury to first presentation at our institution. The primary outcome was long-term all-cause mortality. The regular multivariate Cox regression, restricted cubic spline, and two-piecewise model were used to explain the linear and curvilinear association between TTA and long-term mortality. The analyses were performed using EmpowerStats and R. Results: A total of 2361 patients were included in our study. There were 743 males and 1618 females, with a mean age of 79.44 ± 6.71 years. There were 1745 intertrochanteric fractures and 616 femoral neck fractures. We divided the patients into four groups according to TTA distribution: TTA ≤ 6 h, 6 h < TTA ≤ 12 h, 12 h < TTA ≤ 24 h, and TTA > 24 h, and the corresponding long-term mortality rates were 254 (25.53%), 85 (32.20%), 127 (32.56%), and 267 (37.50%). A curvilinear association was observed between TTA delay and long-term mortality in geriatric hip fractures, with 24 h serving as an inflection point. When TTA was less than 24 h, every one-hour increase in TTA was associated with a 1.6% increase in long-term mortality (HR = 1.016, 95% CI: 1.008-1.024; p < 0.001). When TTA exceeded 24 h, the long-term mortality risk showed no significant further increase with TTA (HR = 1.000, 95% CI: 1.000-1.000; p = 0.531). Conclusions: This study suggests that delayed admission is associated with a worse prognosis, and the mortality risk increases by approximately 1.6% per hour of delay within the first 24 h, after which the risk appears to stabilize. The first 24 h post-injury may represent a critical window for intervention.

Data sharing within psychiatric and behavioral research represents a novel application of ethical principles in practice; however, it suffers from a dearth of practical experience and established ethical norms. In this study, we comprehensively examined the ethical considerations surrounding the acquisition, management, sharing, and utilization of such data. We graded sensitive data and suggest ethical standards for privacy protection based on varying levels of data sensitivity. The objective of this study is to foster orderly and standardized open sharing of psychiatric and behavioral research data, thereby advancing the development and progress of related academic disciplines in China. This Chinese expert consensus has been registered on the International Guide Registration platform (Registration Number: PREPARE-2024CN412).

BACKGROUND:Benefit finding has become a central construct in the evolution of positive psychology and attracted attention in recent literature. This study aimed to translate and validate the General Benefit Finding Scale (GBFS) in Chinese college students.METHODS:Forward- and back-translation of the GBFS was followed by the assessment of semantic equivalence and content validity. A sample of 589 college students was recruited in China to conduct reliability and validity analysis. The construct validity was assessed using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients of the GBFS with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being (WHO-5). Internal consistency and two-week test-retest reliability were also evaluated.RESULTS:The content validity index for each item ranged from 0.83 to 1.00. EFA revealed a six-factor model, which exhibited acceptable goodness of fit in CFA (standardized root mean square residual = 0.031, root mean square error of approximation = 0.059, goodness-of-fit index = 0.860, comparative fit index = 0.904, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.890, chi-squared/degree of freedom = 2.07). The concurrent validity of the GBFS was supported by its statistically significant correlations with PSS (r = -0.271, p<0.001) and WHO-5 (r = 0.354, p<0.001). Moreover, the internal consistency for the overall scale was satisfactory, with Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.93 and McDonald's omega reliability of 0.94. The test-retest reliability was 0.82.CONCLUSIONS:Although the Chinese version of GBFS was examined in a homogeneous convenience sample of college students, it provides a reliable and valid instrument for assessing benefit finding in the Chinese context.

Background: Although several epidemiological studies have identified an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), little is known about the contribution of the food component to MASLD risk and the association between dietary patterns and severity of MASLD. This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy eating patterns and MASLD risk and severity of MASLD. Methods: A case–control study including 228 patients diagnosed with MASLD and 228 controls was conducted. The modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and Alternative Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score were evaluated based on information collected via a validated food-frequency questionnaire. MASLD was confirmed if participants presented with ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver diseases along with at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors and no other discernible cause. The logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of MASLD for dietary scores. Results: Compared with participants in the lowest tertile, those in the highest tertile of AHEI had a 60% reduced risk of MASLD (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25–0.66). Similar associations were also observed for DASH and AMED, with ORs comparing extreme tertiles of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.22–0.66) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.28–0.73), respectively. Further Stratified analysis revealed that the inverse associations between AHEI and DASH with MASLD risks were stronger among women than men, and the inverse associations between AMED and MASLD risks were more pronounced among participants with normal weight (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09–0.49). For components within the dietary score, every one-point increase in vegetable score and whole grain score within the AHEI was associated with an 11% (95% CI: 5–16%) and a 6% (95% CI: 0–12%) lower MASLD risk, respectively. Similar inverse associations with those scores were observed for the DASH and AMED. Conclusion: Greater adherence to healthy eating patterns was associated with reduced risk of MASLD, with vegetables and whole grains predominately contributing to these associations. These findings suggested that healthy eating patterns should be recommended for the prevention of MASLD.

Abstract Background One factor that influences nursing students' decision to engage in volunteer activities is volunteer motivation. It is important to understand the motivations of nursing students to volunteer. However, the majority of current studies have concentrated on the present level of nursing students' motivation to volunteer. Objectives To identify subgroups of nursing students' volunteer motivation and its influential factors. Methods From January to February 2022, a cross-sectional online study was conducted, and 2569 nursing students from 10 provinces in China were recruited. Participants completed the General Information Questionnaire, Volunteer Functional Inventory (VFI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). We explore the categories and characteristics of volunteer motivation using latent profile analysis. Then, we determined factors that affect undergraduate nursing students' volunteer motivation using multinomial logistic regression. Results The volunteer motivation score of the nursing students was 77.65 (15.22). The study found that volunteer motivation could be divided into three categories: low-low protective volunteer motivation group (9.3%), general-high career values volunteer motivation group (37.5%), and high volunteer motivation group (53.2%). Perceived social support scale score, perceived stress scale score, gender, and grade significantly influenced the volunteer motivation of nursing students in different categories (both P < 0.05). Women were more likely to have higher motivation to volunteer than men, and fourth-year nursing students were more likely to be in general-high career values volunteer motivation group. Conclusions The study highlights the significant heterogeneity in volunteer motivation among nursing students. Higher volunteer motivation was associated with higher perceived social support and lower perceived stress. In addition, gender and academic year were significant influencing factors. Nursing educators should develop targeted volunteer management plans based on the typological characteristics of the population to motivate nursing students to volunteer and promote the development of individual physical and mental health and social well-being. Trial registration The survey was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Department of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University (No. 2022–0006).

Objective To explore the effects of perceived risk of COVID-19 of college students on their anxiety and depression, as well as the roles of attention to negative information and perceived social support, so as to provide theoretical basis for colleges and universities to formulate corresponding intervention measures. Methods By the convenience sampling method, totally 1 404 college students from Shaanxi and Henan provinces were investigated online by using General Information Questionnaire, Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Pandemic Scale, Attention to Negative Information Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Perceived Social Support Scale. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis, Pearson correlation method was used to explore the correlation between variables. The mediating effect of attention to negative information and the moderating effect of perceived social support were analyzed by PROCESS. Results The scores of anxiety and depression of the 1 404 college students included in the study were 4.03±4.48 and 6.21±5.41, respectively. The detection rate of anxiety symptom was 29.9%, and that of depression symptom was 44.4%. The risk perception of COVID-19 epidemic of the college students was positively correlated with attention to negative information（r=0.373, P＜0.001）, anxiety（r=0.227, P＜0.001）, and depression（r=0.226, P＜0.001）. Anxiety（r=0.553, P＜0.001） and depression（r=0.497, P＜0.001） were positively correlated with attention to negative information, while perceived social support was negatively correlated with the risk perception of the COVID-19（r=-0.154, P＜0.001）, attention to negative information（r=-0.259, P＜0.001）, anxiety（r=-0.321, P＜0.001） and depression（r=-0.278, P＜0.001）. The risk perception of COVID-19 affected the anxiety and depression of the students mainly through the mediating effect of attention to negative information. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and anxiety was 0.227, and the mediating effect accounted for 80.18% of the total effect. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and depression was 0.228, and the mediating effect accounted for 90.35% of the total effect. Perceived social support played a moderating role in the last half of this mediating model. Conclusion Risk perception of COVID-19 indirectly affects the occurrence of anxiety and depression in college students through attention to negative information, and perceived social support plays a moderating role in this mediating model. The findings suggest that when a risk event occurs, colleges and universities should pay attention to guiding students to adjust their attentional bias to external information, and give students enough care and support to improve their mental health.

Objective This study evaluated the association between N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration and one-year mortality in geriatric patients with intertrochanteric and femoral neck fractures receiving the operative treatment. Methods Consecutive age ≥65 years patients with hip fractures were screened between January 2015 and September 2019. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were collected. The multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the association between preoperative NT-proBNP concentrations and mortality. All analyses were performed using EmpowerStats and the R software. Result One thousand two hundred nineteen patients were included in the study. The average age was 79.73±6.65 years (range 66-99 years). The mean NT-proBNP concentration was 616.09±1086.85 ng/L (median 313.40 ng/L, range 16.09-20123.00 ng/L). The follow-up was 35.39±15.09 months (median 35.78 months, range 0.10-80.14 months). One hundred and eleven (9.1%) patients died within one year. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression models showed a curved association between preoperative NT-proBNP concentration and one-year mortality. When the NT-proBNP concentration was below 1099 ng/L, the mortality increased by 10% (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.17, P=0.0025) when NT-proBNP increased by 100 ng/L. When the NT-proBNP concentration was above 1099 ng/L, the mortality did not increase anymore when NT-proBNP increased (OR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.99-1.02, P=0. 7786). Thus, NT-proBNP was a valuable indicator to predict high one-year mortality in practice. Conclusion The NT-proBNP concentrations were nonlinearly associated with mortality in elderly hip fractures with a saturation effect, and NT-proBNP was a risk indicator of all-cause mortality. A well-designed controlled trial to show the role of mortality by decreasing the concentration of NT-proBNP is needed in the future.

ObjectiveTo explore the associations between the consumption frequencies of alcohol, tea and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and the hypertension risk among Chinese adults.DesignA longitudinal study of the effect of beverage consumption on hypertension risk.SettingNine provinces in China, including Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shandong and Henan.ParticipantsThe longitudinal data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 2004 to 2015 were used. A total of 4427 participants from 9 provinces were included at baseline.OutcomeFirst incidence of hypertension.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1478 participants developed hypertension. Alcohol consumption more than twice a week in young men (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.18) or middle-aged men (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.87) was associated with a higher hypertension risk. Middle-aged women who consumed tea frequently (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.97), or young women who consumed SSBs less than once a week (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.67) had a lower risk of hypertension.ConclusionsHigh-frequency alcohol consumption increased the risk of hypertension in men, and frequent tea consumption and low-frequency SSBs consumption were associated with lower risk of hypertension in women. Consumption frequency of beverages was also suggested to be considered in the prevention and control of hypertension.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of adolescent runaway and its correlation with family health so as to provide epidemiological evidence for future comprehensive interventions. Methods Using the quota sampling method, 1 065 adolescents aged 12-18 years old were surveyed by Questionnaire Star in 120 cities in China from July to September 2021. A well-developed electronic questionnaire was used to collect information about demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics, family health, social support, and behavior of running away from home. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression were used to explore the influencing factors of adolescent runaway and its correlation with family health. Results A total of 1 065 adolescents were investigated, among whom 334 were the only children（31.36%） and 442 were boys（41.50%）. Univariate analysis revealed that 7.6% of teenagers had the experience of running away from home in the last 30 days. Participants who were ethnic minorities（P=0.031） and had education of technical school or junior college（P=0.029） and a low family income（P＜0.001） were more likely to have running away behavior. Adolescents with low self-efficacy（P=0.005）, depression（P＜0.001）, anxiety（P＜0.001）, and more stress had higher detection rates of runaway behavior. However, adolescents with higher family health and social support were less likely to run away from home（P＜0.01）.Multivariate analysis showed that compared with adolescents with low family health, adolescents with high（OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.46） and moderate（OR =0.27, 95% CI: 0.14-0.55） family health had a significantly lower risk of runaway behavior. Conclusion The family is of great significance in preventing teenagers from running away from home. Parents should build a good parent-child relationship and create a happy family atmosphere to reduce the occurrence of teenagers running away from home.

目的 探讨新冠肺炎疫情期间志愿者不同组织氛围在志愿服务动机与工作投入间的中介效应.方法 采用便利抽样方法对来自陕西省、湖北省、河南省参与新冠肺炎疫情防控的志愿者进行调查,运用志愿服务动机量表、组织氛围量表、工作投入量表对相关内容进行调查.应用Pearson相关分析了解志愿服务动机、组织氛围、工作投入间的相关性,Bootstrap法探讨组织氛围在志愿服务动机和工作投入间的中介作用.结果 834 名志愿者服务动机、组织氛围、工作投入得分分别为 72.45±13.66、24.03±4.65、51.59±10.04;志愿服务动机与工作投入呈正相关(r=0.556,P＜0.001),与组织氛围呈正相关(r=0.604,P＜0.001),组织氛围与工作投入呈正相关(r=0.632,P＜0.001);组织氛围在志愿服务动机与工作投入之间起部分中介作用(效应值=0.278,占总效应的 47.0%).结论 志愿服务动机通过组织氛围间接影响志愿者工作投入,提示志愿者团队管理者可通过改善组织氛围,提高其工作投入水平.

Geriatric hip fracture patients often have increased N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. This study found a curved association between preoperative NT-proBNP level and all-cause mortality. There was an inflection point of NT-proBNP 781 ng/L in the saturation effect. Thus, NT-proBNP was a valuable indicator of all-cause mortality. To explore the relationship between N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and all-cause mortality in geriatric hip fractures and evaluate the possible predictive role of NT-proBNP level. Consecutive older adult patients with hip fractures were screened between January 2015 and September 2019. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were collected. Linear and nonlinear multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify the association between NT-proBNP levels and mortality. All analyses were performed using EmpowerStats and the R software. One thousand three hundred fifty-four patients were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 34.35 ± 15.82 months. Four hundred twenty-nine (31.68

目的 调查分析后疫情时代大学生社会支持、心理资本和志愿动机的内在关联,为制定提高大学生志愿活动参与度的政策措施提供理论依据.方法 通过方便抽样方法于 2022 年 3 月选取河南省内 15 所高校 1 120 名大学生,调查其一般资料、社会支持、心理资本和志愿动机水平,并进行单因素分析、相关分析和中介效应分析.结果 志愿动机的价值观表达、学习理解、自我发展、职业发展、社会交往、自我保护共 6 个维度的得分差异具有统计学意义(F= 124.90,P<0.001);不同性别大学生的社会支持水平差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.40,P<0.05),不同年级大学生志愿动机水平的差异具有统计学意义(F=6.72,P<0.001);社会支持、心理资本和志愿动机两两之间均呈正相关(r=0.41,r=0.35,r=0.50,P<0.001);心理资本在社会支持和志愿动机之间的部分中介效应显著(中介效应值= 0.49,95%CI:0.39～0.59).结论 高校可从提高社会支持和心理资本水平两方面出发,采取相应措施提高大学生志愿动机水平.

ObjectiveThe study aimed to analyze the research status, hotspots, and frontiers of global research on cancer and sleep through bibliometrics and provide references and guidance for future research.MethodsThe literature regarding cancer and sleep from 2002 to 2022 was searched from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace 5.6.R3 was performed for visualization analysis.ResultsA total of 1,172 publications were identified. The number of publications in the field has gradually increased over the past two decades. The United States had the most prominent contributions. Taipei Medical University and the University of California, San Francisco, and David Gozal were the most prolific institutions and author, respectively. The most published academic journal was Supportive Care in Cancer. The research hotspots can be summarized into the symptom cluster intervention for cancer survivors and the association between cancer and melatonin and/or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The complex interaction between cancer and sleep disruption and the influencing factors of sleep quality may be the emerging trends of research.ConclusionThis study systematically analyzed the hotspots and frontiers in the field of cancer and sleep and called for strengthening cooperation among countries, institutions, and authors. In addition, intervention measures for the cancer symptom cluster, the bioavailability of exogenous melatonin, the causal relationship between OSA and cancer, the mechanism of tumor-induced sleep disruption, the dose–response relationship between sleep duration and cancer risk, and the path relationship between sleep quality influencing factors may be the focus of future research.

Red meat and animal-sourced protein are often disparaged as risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome, while emerging research has shown the beneficial effects of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine which are all exclusively abundant in red meat. Thus, it is imperative to highlight the available evidence to help promote red meat as part of a well-balanced diet to optimize human health. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to investigate the current research status of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine with metabolic syndrome, identify research hotspots, and delineate developmental trends by utilizing the visualization software CiteSpace. A total of 1094 publications were retrieved via the Web of Science Core Collection from 1992 to 2022. There exists a gradual increase in the number of publications on this topic, but there is still much room for research papers to rise. The United States has participated in the most studies, followed by China and Japan. The University of Sao Paulo was the research institute contributing the most; Kyung Ja Chang and Sanya Roysommuti have been identified as the most prolific authors. The analysis of keywords reveals that obesity, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism, as well as ergogenic aid and growth promoter have been the research hotspots. Inflammation and diabetic nephropathy will likely be frontiers of future research related to dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine. Overall, this paper may provide insights for researchers to further delve into this field and enlist the greater community to re-evaluate the health effects of red meat.

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the psychological well-being (perceived stress and anxiety) of Chinese family members during nursing home visiting restrictions and to elucidate the relationships among satisfaction with care quality, emotion regulation, perceived stress, and anxiety.MethodsAn online survey was conducted with a cross-sectional study design. From 18 to 29 January 2022, a total of 571 family members of nursing home residents completed online questionnaires comprising socio-demographic characteristics, satisfaction with care quality, emotion regulation, perceived stress, and anxiety. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate the direct and indirect effects of satisfaction with care quality on anxiety using the PROCESS macro for SPSS.ResultsThe results showed that approximately one-quarter of Chinese family members had anxiety symptoms during nursing home visiting restrictions. Satisfaction with care quality affected anxiety via three mediating paths: (a) through cognitive reappraisal (effect = 0.028); (b) through cognitive reappraisal and perceived stress sequentially (effect = −0.057); and (c) through perceived stress (effect = −0.212). The chain mediating effect (path b) accounted for 23.7% of the total effect.ConclusionsThese findings corroborated our hypothesis that cognitive reappraisal (a kind of emotion regulation strategy) and perceived stress mediated the relationship between satisfaction with care quality and anxiety during nursing home visiting restrictions. Efforts to address family members’ psychological well-being by focusing on cognitive reappraisal should be considered.

The main causes of high productional costs and greenhouse gas emissions in the chopping process of maize straws are high energy consumption and breaking force. Addressing these issues, this paper proposes a solution that leverages machine-learning algorithms to select appropriate operational parameters for chopping devices, thereby reducing energy consumption and the cutting force. In this study, the peak breaking force of the stalk (PB), the energy consumption of the stalk chopping (EC) and the slide-cutting momentum of the disc blade (SM) were set as dependent variables, and the rotation speed of the Y-type blade (RSY), transmission ratio (TR) and slide-cutting angle (SA) were set as independent variables. Various techniques, including back-propagation (BP), a radial basis function (RBF), an artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression and a stepwise polynomial regression model, were applied using a 6-fold cross-validation approach to determine the most effective predictive models. The results indicated that the BP-ANN model performs best in predicting the PB (R2Test = 0.9860) and SM (R2Test = 0.9561), while the RBF-ANN model yields the highest accuracy in predicting the EC (R2Test = 0.9255) under the optimal parameters. Subsequently, a verification test was conducted using randomly selected training and testing data based on the selected predicted functions. The results demonstrated that the R2Train and R2Test data for PB, EC and SM are all above 0.95, indicating that the BP and RBF neural networks are capable of accurately predicting the nonlinear relationship between the dependent variables (EC, SM and PB) and independent variables (RSY, TR and SA) in practical applications.

Epidemiological evidence on the association between potassium and cardiometabolic outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to examine associations of dietary intake and blood and urinary levels of potassium with risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. Relevant prospective studies were retrieved through a comprehensive search of four electronic databases up to July 1, 2023. Random-effects models were used to pool the study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Fifty-six studies were included in this meta-analysis. A higher intake of potassium was significantly associated with a 16% lower risk of CVD (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78-0.90). Similar inverse associations were also observed between potassium intake and mortality. Each 1.0 g/d increment in potassium intake was associated with a decreased risk of CVD (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80-0.91) and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99). For blood and urinary potassium levels, higher level of blood potassium increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 23% (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.11-1.36). The association of blood potassium levels with mortality was nonlinear (Pnon-linearit<0.001). However, urinary potassium levels were inversely associated with the risk of all-cause mortality (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.93). Our findings support the benefits of moderate potassium consumption for primary prevention of chronic diseases and premature death.

目的:分析新型农村合作医疗制度对农村老年人健康水平及劳动供给的影响,为进一步提升农村老年人健康水平,提高劳动供给水平提供参考.方法:基于2000年和2015年中国健康和营养调查中的60岁及以上农村老年人数据,建立生命质量指标,使用P SM-DID和结构方程模型分析农村老年人健康水平在新型农村合作医疗制度与劳动供给间的中介作用.结果:参与新型农村合作医疗显著增加了农村老年人农业劳动参与和非农业劳动参与(P<0.01).农村老年人健康水平在新型农村合作医疗与非农业劳动参与和农业收入中起显著的中介作用,其占比分别为11.47％和12.77％.结论:新型农村合作医疗制度较好地改善了农村老年人健康水平,并且在一定程度上增加了劳动供给,对生产活动产生了正向作用.政府应进一步加大医疗制度的保障范围及水平,与我国人口疾病谱的趋势相适应,增强农村老年人自我健康管理的意识和能力,提升农村老年人的健康水平,从而提高劳动供给.