受经济和社会发展程度的影响,我国环境空气监测点位在运行、维护和管理上未能出台相应的系统化管理文件或指南,导致各地环境监测站点运行维护制度差异较大,存在较多问题.为了更好地获得科学可靠的监测数据,本文给出了建立系统化空气监测点位管理模式的几点建议,为监测点位系统化建设提供理论支持.

通过室内盆栽试验研究了中、低浓度铅（Pb）和苯并[a]芘（B[a]p）复合污染在土壤-植物系统中的归宿规律和相互影响,以考查Pb-B[a]p复合污染的相互作用.采用4因素6水平均匀设计试验方案,w（Pb）范围为0～1 120 mg·kg^-1,w（B[a]p）范围为0～6.4 mg·kg^-1.结果表明,在非根际环境中,Pb的不同结合态未受到B[a]p的影响,而土壤中B[a]p的自然降解过程也未受到Pb的影响;在黑麦草根际环境中,Pb的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态以及Fe/Mn氧化物结合态含量与非根际土壤相比明显降低,有机物和硫化物结合态含量明显升高,这与黑麦草根际分泌物和植物根际的吸收作用有关;玉米和黑麦草地上部和根部Pb含量均与土壤中Pb总量之间呈显著正相关关系,与B[a]p含量间不存在显著相关性;在玉米和黑麦草根际环境中,B[a]p的降解速率比非根际土壤有明显提高,其中黑麦草的促降解作用强于玉米;Pb对玉米和黑麦草根际土壤中B[a]p的降解过程具有一定的抑制作用,这与根际环境对Pb的活化作用进而增加Pb对微生物有效性有关;Pb对植物根部吸附B[a]p的过程也有一定影响.总体而言,在根际和非根际条件下B[a]p与Pb的共存均未影响Pb的归宿,在非根际环境中Pb也未影响B[a]p的归宿,但在根际环境中Pb抑制了B[a]p在土壤中的降解及植物根部对B[a]p的吸收.

Due to various restriction factors,most monitoring sites in cities of China at present were macro-scale or above,which were used to capture the main air quality status and long term trends,as well as providing guides for environmental management and pollution prevention.Because lacking of micro-scale sites,the monitoring network was not good enough to meet the increasing requirements from the public.China should increase proportions of micro-scale sites in the monitoring network of city in the further.

The problems of recent ambient air monitoring center is stated in this paper,combine with secondary planet,remote sensing,aerial survey,geography information systems,and other modern environmental monitoring technologies,and propose modern ambient air quality monitoring network concept.

The concentration characteristics of SO2,NO2 and PM10 in China's key environmental protection cities from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed based on the daily reported data of atmospheric pollution.The results showed that the concentrations of SO2 and PM10 declined continuously and significantly,but the change of NO2 did not show a significant trend.The three kinds of pollutants had common seasonal variation characteristics,which were higher concentrations in winter and lower in summer.The variations of mass concentrations of SO2,NO2 and PM10 across the whole country were in the ranges of 0-0.150,0-0.100 and 0-0.250 mg/m3,respectively.The peak concentrations of SO2 and PM10 decreased gradually from 2006 to 2010,and the number of high pollution cases were also reduced,which indicated that the two kinds of pollutants were controlled during this period.However,the peak concentration of NO2 changed very little over these years.As for the annual change rates of the concentrations of SO2,NO2 and PM10 in the provinces of China,the maximum declining values were in Shanxi Province,which were-11.2,-3.6 and-14.2 μg/m3.The yearly change rates of SO2 in Qinghai Province and of NO2 and PM10 in Shandong Province increased remarkably,which were 4.4,2.7 and 4.5 μg/m3,respectively.

<正>近年来,随着经济快速发展、汽车保有量不断增加以及城市化进程加剧,中国的灰霾污染日益加重。灰霾天气呈现出频率增高、持续时间增加、影响范围不断扩大等特点。由于灰霾是一种气溶胶和污染气体造成的城市和区域性污染现象,会对人的视觉和其他健康造成极大影