Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grains is a global food safety issue, and various methods and materials have been used to remove or reduce As and Cd in agricultural soils and rice grains. Despite the availability of synthesized materials capable of simultaneous As and Cd reduction from soil and rice grains, the contributions, efficiency, and main ingredients of the materials for As and Cd immobilization remain unclear. The present study first summarized the biogeochemistry of As and Cd in paddy soils and their transfer in the soil-food-human continuum. We also reviewed a series of reported inorganic and organic materials for simultaneous immobilization of As and Cd in paddy soils, and their reduction efficiency of As and Cd bioavailability were listed and compared. Based on the abovementioned materials, the study conducted a meta-analysis of 38 articles with 2565 observations to quantify the impacts of materials on simultaneous As and Cd reduction from soil and rice grains. Meta-analysis results showed that combining organic and inorganic amendments corresponded to effect sizes of -62.3% and -67.8% on As and Cd accumulation in rice grains, while the effect sizes on As and Cd reduction in paddy soils were -44.2% and -46.2%, respectively. Application of Fe based materials significantly (P < 0.05) reduced As (-54.2%) and Cd (-74.9%), accounting for the highest immobilization efficiency of As and Cd in rice grain among all the reviewed materials, outweighing S, Mn, P, Si, and Ca based materials. Moreover, precipitation, surface complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic attraction mechanisms were involved in the co-immobilization tactics. The present study underlines the application of combined organic and inorganic amendments in simultaneous As and Cd immobilization. It also highlighted that employing Fe-incorporated biochar material may be a potential strategy for co-mitigating As and Cd pollution in paddy soils and accumulation in rice grains.

Identifying changes in source-specific fine particles (PM2.5) over time is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory measures and informing future policy decisions. After the extreme haze events in China during 2013–14, more comprehensive and stringent policies were implemented to combat PM2.5 pollution. To determine the effectiveness of these policies, it is necessary to assess the changes in the specific source types to which the regulations pertain. Multiple studies have been conducted over the past decade to apportion PM2.5. The purpose of this study was to explore the available literature and conduct a critical review of the reliable results. In total, 5008 articles were screened, but only 48 studies were included for further analysis given our inclusion criteria including covering a monitoring period of ≥1 year and having enough speciation data to provide mass closure. Using these studies, we analyzed temporal and spatial trends across China from 2013 to 2019. We observed the overall decrease in the concentration contributions from all main source categories. The reductions from industry, coal and heavy oil combustion, and the related secondary sulfate were more notable, especially from 2013 to 2016–17. The contributions from biomass burning initially decreased but then increased slightly after 2016 in some locations despite new constraints on agricultural and household burning practices. Although the contributions from vehicle emissions and related secondary nitrate decreased, they gradually became the primary contributors to PM2.5 by ~2017. Despite the substantial improvements achieved by the air pollution regulation implementations, further improvements in air quality will require additional aggressive actions, especially those targeting vehicular emissions. Ultimately, source apportionment studies based on extended duration, fixed-site sampling are recommended to provide a more thorough understanding of the sources impacting areas and transformations in PM2.5 sources prompted by regulatory actions.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), levels of which are about 6 times the 2014 WHO air quality guidelines for 190 cities in China, has been found to be associated with various adverse health outcomes. In this study, personal PM2.5 exposures were monitored along a fixed routine that included 19 types of non-residential micro-environments (MEs) on 4 hazy days (ambient PM2.5 292 ± 70 μg m-3) and 2 non-hazy days (55 ± 16 μg m-3) in Nanjing, China using miniaturized real-time portable particulate sensors that also collect integrated filters of PM2.5 (MicroPEMs, Research Triangle Institute (RTI), NC). Gravimetric correction is necessary for nephelometer devices in calculating real-time PM levels. During both hazy and non-hazy days, personal PM2.5 levels were generally higher in MEs with noticeable PM2.5 sources than MEs serving as receptor sites, higher in open MEs than indoor MEs, and higher in densely populated MEs than MEs with few people. Personal PM2.5 levels measured during hazy and non-hazy days were 242 ± 91 μg m-3 and 103 ± 147 μg m-3, respectively. The ratio of personal exposure to ambient PM2.5 levels (rp/a ) was less than 1.0 and less variable on hazy days (0.85 ± 0.31); while it was larger than 1.0 and more variable on non-hazy days (1.71 ± 1.93), confirming the importance of local sources other than ambient during non-hazy days. Air handling methods (e.g., ventilation/filtration) impacted personal exposures in enclosed locations on both types of days. Street food vendors with cooking emissions were MEs with the highest personal PM2.5 levels while subway cars in Nanjing were relatively clean due to good air filtration on both hazy and non-hazy days. In summary, on hazy days, personal exposure was mainly affected by the regional ambient levels, while on non-hazy days, local sources together with ambient levels determined personal exposure levels.

Exposure to extreme temperatures or fine particles is associated with adverse health outcomes but their interactive effects remain unclear. We aimed to explore the interactions of extreme temperatures and PM 2.5 pollution on mortalities. Based on the daily mortality data collected during 2015–2019 in Jiangsu Province, China, we conducted generalized linear models with distributed lag non-linear model to estimate the regional-level effects of cold/hot extremes and PM 2.5 pollution. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was evaluated to represent the interaction. The relative risks (RRs) and cumulative relative risks (CRRs) of total and cause-specific mortalities associated with hot extremes were significantly stronger ( p < 0.05) than those related to cold extremes across Jiangsu. We identified significantly higher interactions between hot extremes and PM 2.5 pollution, with the RERI range of 0.00–1.15. The interactions peaked on ischaemic heart disease (RERI = 1.13 [95%CI: 0.85, 1.41]) in middle Jiangsu. For respiratory mortality, RERIs were higher in females and the less educated. The interaction pattern remained consistent when defining the extremes/pollution with different thresholds. This study provides a comprehensive picture of the interactions between extreme temperatures and PM 2.5 pollution on total and cause-specific mortalities. The projected interactions call for public health actions to face the twin challenges, especially the co-appearance of hot extremes and PM pollution.

Environmental pollution of trace elements has become of main concern due to the adverse effects. To estimate the impact of PM2.5-bound trace elements on human health, a time-stratified case-crossover study has been designed to examine the short-term associations between 28 elements and asthma hospitalizations from January 2019 to November 2021 in Xiamen, China. This research summarized the major components that pose health risks in different seasons and took risk assessment for different groups. We found that an inter-quartile range (IQR) increase of Ca, Fe, Mn, Pd, Si, and Ti was positively associated with the incidence of asthma in the lag of 0-4 days. In winter, the elements that predisposed the population to asthma attack were the most, such as Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Pd, Si, and Ti, and these elements are at higher risk for longer periods of time. The discrepancy in risk levels and major elements of asthma diagnosis among various age groups were also found in this work. Our results provided insights into the development of specific policies to reduce the risk of asthma attacks due to exposure to PM2.5-bound trace elements.

The inability to quantify the difference between ambient temperature (AT) and personal exposure temperature (PET) is a common limitation in environmental health research. The actual exposure variability is underestimated when we used measurements from fixed monitoring stations to estimate PET. The study aims to explore a more reasonable temperature exposure calculation method to relate PET to AT and links heat exposure to adverse health events. We measured hourly PET of 129 participants from July 8th to July 13th, 2021 in Xinyi City, China. The linear mixed-effects model was used to build the relationship between hourly PET and AT in rural and town. Several calculation methods that can capture the intensity, frequency and duration of daily exposure were used to calculate the daily PET and AT and establish the relationship between the two factors. A generalized linear model was used to establish the relationship between city-scale AT indicators and health endpoints from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2015 in Shanghai, China. The result showed that the hourly PET was significantly related to AT, wind speed, air pressure, precipitation, outside time, and air-conditioning use. Among several daily temperature indicators, we found that ATDHAT (Degree Hours Above Threshold (27.4 °C)) was tight with the PETDHAT in different regions (R2 > 0.99). DHAT strengthened the relationship between daily AT and health endpoint in the urban-scale heat-related health impact study, especially in respiratory diseases. The method proposed in this study can improve the accuracy of future epidemiological studies on the effects of heat exposure.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition induced by diabetes mellitus that often causes heart failure (HF). However, their mechanistic relationships remain unclear. This study aimed to identify immune gene signatures and molecular mechanisms of DCM. Microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database from patients with DCM were subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identify co-expression modules. Core expression modules were intersected with the immune gene database. We analyzed and mapped protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using the STRING database and MCODE and filtering out 17 hub genes using cytoHubba software. Finally, potential transcriptional regulatory factors and therapeutic drugs were identified and molecular docking between gene targets and small molecules was performed. We identified five potential immune biomarkers: proteosome subunit beta type-8 (PSMB8), nuclear factor kappa B1 (NFKB1), albumin (ALB), endothelin 1 (EDN1), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). Their expression levels in animal models were consistent with the changes observed in the datasets. EDN1 showed significant differences in expression in both the dataset and the validation model by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting(WB). Subsequently, we confirmed that the potential transcription factors upstream of EDN1 were PRDM5 and KLF4, as its expression was positively correlated with the expression of the two transcription factors. To repurpose known therapeutic drugs, a connectivity map (CMap) database was retrieved, and nine candidate compounds were identified. Finally, molecular docking simulations of the proteins encoded by the five genes with small-molecule drugs were performed. Our data suggest that EDN1 may play a key role in the development of DCM and is a potential DCM biomarker.

As the country where the COVID-19 was first reported and initially broke out, China has controlled the spread of the pandemic well. The pandemic prevention process included emergency response and risk communication, both of which could notably increase public participation, people's anxiety has been alleviated, their confidence in the government has been enhanced, and the implementation of prevention and control measures has been understood. This study selected 157,283 articles published by 447 accounts across 326 cities in February 2020 from WeChat, the largest social media application in China, to systematically compare the spatial distributions in the effectiveness of emergency responses and risk communication. The results showed that there were significant regional differences in the effectiveness of emergency response and risk communication during the pandemic period in China. The effectiveness of emergency response and risk communication are related to the exposure risk to the COVID-19, the level of economy, culture, and education of the region, the type of accounts and articles, and the ranking of the articles in posts. The timeliness and distribution types of articles should take into account the psychological changes in communication recipients to avoid the dissemination of homogenized information to the masses and the resulting information receiving fatigue period.

The frequency and intensity of high-temperature events continue to increase, resulting in a surge of pathogenicity and mortality. People with low levels of risk perception and adaptability, such as the elderly, suffer more from high temperatures. Effective intervention measures may lead to reduced levels of high temperature-related risk. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in temperature exposure, risk perception and coping behaviors under different intervention methods. Herein we conducted three different interventions including education, subsidies for electricity and uses of spray-cooling appliances as well as collected data about temperature exposure, risk perception, and coping behaviors. Before and after the experiment, we evaluated the intervention effectiveness with a number of variables related to alerting human responses under high temperatures. We conducted nonparametric tests for paired samples and generalized linear mixed effect models. Compared with subsidy support and outdoor spray-cooling methods, education is more effective as it leads to lower levels of temperature exposure, higher levels of risk perception, and more behavioral responses. The subsidy support intervention is useful in increasing risk perception and promoting home cooling practices as well. In comparison, spray cooling barely contributes to the reduction of personal temperature exposure. The encouragement of risk-related education and continued government subsidy may prevent elderly individuals from experiencing high-temperature exposure.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the primary complication associated with diabetes mellitus and also is a major cause of death and disability. Limited pharmacological therapies are available for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Qiliqiangxin (QLQX), a Chinese medication, has been proven to be beneficial for heart failure patients. However, the role and the underlying protective mechanisms of QLQX in diabetic cardiomyopathy remain largely unexplored. Methods: Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with glucose (HG, 40 mM) to establish the hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis model in vitro . Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) was intraperitoneally injected into mice to establish the diabetic cardiomyopathy model in vivo . Various analyses including qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining] histology (hematoxylin–eosin and Masson's trichrome staining), and cardiac function (echocardiography) were performed in these mice. QLQX (0.5 μg/ml in vitro and 0.5 g/kg/day in vivo ) was used in this study. Results: QLQX attenuated hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activating peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). In vivo , QLQX treatment protected mice against STZ-induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological remodeling. Conclusions: QLQX attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy via activating PPARγ.

Significance Coal combustion releases CO 2 but also leaves behind solid waste, or fly ash, which contains considerable amounts of carbon. The organic carbon sourced from fly ash resists chemical breakdown, and we find that it now contributes nearly half of the fossil organic carbon exported by the Chang Jiang—the largest river in Asia. The fly ash flux in this basin is similar to the natural sediment flux to the oceans because dam building has reduced sediment transport, while increased coal consumption generates abundant fly ash. Our results show that fly ash is an important component of the present-day carbon load in rivers and illustrates that human-driven carbon cycling can match the pace of the geological carbon cycle at decadal timescales.

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to treat calcified root canal and assess the accuracy of guided endodontics using laser melting templates.METHODS:Two cases with calcified anterior teeth were treated with laser melting templates. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to scan the maxillary teeth of patients before surgery to establish the root canal system model. The maxillary impression of the patient was made and it was scanned by a 3D scanner. The CBCT scans were matched with surface scans of plaster model. Mimics 19.0 and 3-matic 11.0 software were used to design the virtual planning to access cavities. The templates were produced by laser melting 3D printing. Access cavity was prepared under the guidance of laser melting template. Then the deviations of planned and prepared cavities in three dimensions and angle were measured.RESULTS:The two teeth obtained satisfactory results. The first case had a angle deviation of 1.77°, a drilling base deviation of 0.403-0.497 mm, and a tip of 0.433-0.537 mm. The second case had a angle deviation of 3.26°, a drill base deviation of 0.18-0.347 mm, and a tip of 0.310-0.463 mm.CONCLUSIONS:Laser melting template-guided endodontics is an effective technique for the treatment of calcified root canal and can be used as a new strategy for the treatment of calcified canal.

磁聚焦现象是大学物理教学中很重要的内容之一,对磁聚焦现象的认识将加深学生对磁场与电荷作用的理解.以Matlab为工具,实现了磁聚焦现象中所有电子共同运动进而汇聚的动画效果,能使学生直观、真实、动态地观察到电子束中的电子在均匀磁场中螺旋运动进而再次汇聚的图景,加深学生对本部分相关知识的理解,突破了教学上的时空限制,体现了以学生为中心的思想和能力的培养,有助于激发学生学习相关物理知识的兴趣,进而提高教学效果.

Although short-duration elevated exposures (peak exposures) to pollutants may trigger adverse acute effects, epidemiological studies to understand their influence on different health effects are hampered by lack of methods for objectively identifying peaks. Secondhand smoke from cigarettes (SHS) in the residential environment can lead to peak exposures. The aim of this study was to explore whether peaks in continuous PM2.5 data can indicate SHS exposure. A total of 41 children (21 with and 20 without SHS exposure based on self-report) from 28 families in New York City (NY, USA) were recruited. Both personal and residential continuous PM2.5 monitoring were performed for five consecutive days using MicroPEM sensors (RTI International, USA). A threshold detection method based on cumulative distribution function was developed to identify peaks. When children were home, the mean accumulated peak area (APA) for peak exposures was 297 +/- 325 hour*mu g/m(3) for children from smoking families, six times that of the APA for children from non-smoking families (similar to 50 +/- 54 hour*mu g/m(3)). Average PM2.5 mass concentrations for SHS exposed and unexposed children were 24 +/- 15 mu g/m(3) and 15 +/- 9 mu g/m(3), respectively. The average SHS exposure duration represents similar to 5% of total exposure time, but similar to 13% of children's total PM2.5 exposure dose, equivalent to an additional 2.6 mu g/m(3) per day. This study demonstrated the feasibility of peak analysis for quantifying SHS exposure. The developed method can be adopted more widely to support epidemiology studies on impacts of short-term exposures.

Either long- or short-term of fine particle (PM2.5) exposure is associated with adverse health effects especially for children. Primary school students spend much time in schools whereas PM2.5 prediction for such fine-scale places remains a demanding task, let alone a combined prediction with high temporal resolution. The study aimed to estimate PM2.5 levels of different time scales for primary schools in Jiangsu Province, China. Hourly PM2.5 measurements within the academic year (Sept. 2016-June 2017) were collected from 72 routine monitoring sites. Together with PM2.5 emission inventory and dozens of geographic variables, an advanced spatiotemporal land use regression (LUR) model was employed to estimate PM2.5 concentrations of biweekly, seasonal and academic year levels in Jiangsu Province at 2457 primary school locations. 10-fold cross-validation verified high prediction ability with squared correlations RCV2 of 0.72 for temporal and 0.71 for spatial changes. PM2.5 levels in primary schools in Nanjing and Nantong were >10% higher than that of the corresponding cities while pollution levels in primary schools in Xuzhou were >20% lower. For 10 out of the 13 cities in Jiangsu, PM2.5 levels for primary schools surpassed 70 μg/m3 in winter. Schools in Lianyungang, Zhenjiang and Huai'an suffered the most. This study demonstrated the fine-scale prediction ability of the novel spatiotemporal LUR model, as well as the potential and necessity to apply it in epidemiological studies. It also verified the emergency of pollution control for primary schools from cities such as Lianyungang and Zhenjiang.

Portable monitors such as MicroPEM can accurately characterize personal exposure of pollutants, which is critical for linking exposure and health effects of air pollution. The RTI (RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) MicroPEM V3.2A provides both real-time fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and time-integrated PM samples collected onto Teflon filters that can be used to correct real-time data as well as allow further lab chemical analysis of species on filters (e.g., metal, black carbon). Due to the optical reflectivity of local PM sources can be very different from available standard reference particles used for calibration by RTI, there is a need for gravimetric correction and validation at each study location. However, assessments of MicroPEM have been limited in locations with severe air pollution, such as Beijing. We selected a variety of weather and air quality conditions, including both clear and hazy days in Beijing, to compare PM2.5 data among MicroPEMs as well as between MicroPEM and other types of samplers. We also compared MicroPEM real-time PM2.5 concentrations with data from nearby fixed-sites. The results show MicroPEM performed well across a wide range of PM2.5 concentrations (6-461 mu g/m(3)) and MicroPEM data, after gravimetric correction, were consistent with those from moderate-volume samplers. Good agreement was also found between real-time data from MicroPEM and fixed-site data. The present study covered a wide range of pollution levels in actual environments and validated the usage of MicroPEM as a PM2.5 monitor in locations with elevated PM2.5 levels.

Background: Reducing cadmium (Cd) exposure in Cd-polluted areas in Asia is urgently needed given the toxic effects of Cd. The short-term and long-term benefits of lowering Cd exposure are unknown because of its long half-life in the body. Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether an intervention with low-Cd rice in a contaminated area of China reduced urinary Cd (UCd) levels and improved blood pressure and kidney function outcomes compared to no-intervention in consumers of high-Cd rice in the same region. Methods: 106 non-smoking subjects were divided into three treatment groups: the intervention group (replacing homegrown high-Cd rice with market low-Cd rice, n = 34), the non-intervention group (continue eating high-Cd rice, n = 36) and the control group (continued eating low-Cd rice they have been eating for years, n = 36). The intervention period lasted for almost 8 months, during which participants were visited on up to 4 occasions and UCd, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), kidney function biomarkers (beta(2)-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) were measured. Results: After 3 months, the geometric mean UCd in the intervention (Int) group decreased significantly by 0.32 mu g/g (p = 0.007), while changes were not significant in the non-intervention (non-Int) group (0.13 mu g/g, p = 0.95) or the control group (-0.01 mu g/g, p = 0.52). UCd in the Int group remained lower than in the non-Int group but higher than in the Control group through the end of follow up. DBP in the Int group decreased significantly from 80 mm Hg at month three (p = 0.03) and stayed around 74 mm Hg for the remainder of the study. SBP also decreased in the Int group but with variations similar to those observed in the other two groups. The two kidney biomarkers showed variations without a clear pattern. Conclusion: This study suggested that UCd reflected both short-term (<3 months) and long-term Cd exposure. In addition, the low-Cd rice intervention showed initial benefits in lowering blood pressure levels, especially DBP, but not kidney biomarkers.

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with various adverse health outcomes. The MicroPEM (RTI, NC), a miniaturized real-time portable particulate sensor with an integrated filter for collecting particles, has been widely used for personal PM2.5 exposure assessment. Five-day deployments were targeted on a total of 142 deployments (personal or residential) to obtain real-time PM2.5 levels from children living in New York City and Baltimore. Among these 142 deployments, 79 applied high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in the field at the beginning and end of each deployment to adjust the zero level of the nephelometer. However, unacceptable baseline drift was observed in a large fraction ( > 40%) of acquisitions in this study even after HEPA correction. This drift issue has been observed in several other studies as well. The purpose of the present study is to develop an algorithm to correct the baseline drift in MicroPEM based on central site ambient data during inactive time periods. Method: A running baseline & gravimetric correction (RBGC) method was developed based on the comparison of MicroPEM readings during inactive periods to ambient PM2.5 levels provided by fixed monitoring sites and the gravimetric weight of PM2.5 collected on the MicroPEM filters. The results after RBGC correction were compared with those using HEPA approach and gravimetric correction alone. Seven pairs of duplicate acquisitions were used to validate the RBGC method. Results: The percentages of acquisitions with baseline drift problems were 42%, 53% and 10% for raw, HEPA corrected, and RBGC corrected data, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis of duplicates showed an increase in the coefficient of determination from 0.75 for raw data to 0.97 after RBGC correction. In addition, the slope of the regression line increased from 0.60 for raw data to 1.00 after RBGC correction. Conclusions: The RBGC approach corrected the baseline drift issue associated with MicroPEM data. The algorithm developed has the potential for use with data generated from other types of PM sensors that contain a filter for weighing as well. In addition, this approach can be applied in many other regions, given widely available ambient PM data from monitoring networks, especially in urban areas.

随着半导体器件特征尺寸的不断减小,传统的浮栅型存储器件逐渐接近其物理和技术的极限,多晶硅一氧化物-氮化物-氧化物-硅(SONOS)型电荷存储器件以其低电压、小尺寸及良好兼容性等特点成为近年来半导体行业研究的热点.但是,写入/擦除速度与数据保持性能之间的平衡问题一直制约着SONOS型存储器件的发展.为了解决这一问题,本文利用脉冲激光沉积系统制备了叠层薄膜基电荷陷阱存储器件,其中SiO2作为隧穿层,叠层ZrO2/Al2O3作为电荷存储层,Al2O3作为阻挡层,并对器件的电荷存储性能做了系统分析.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了器件的微观结构,采用4200半导体参数分析仪测试了器件的电学性能,包括存储窗口、写入/擦除速度及数据保持性能.研究结果表明,存储器件具有良好的电荷存储性能.当栅极扫描电压为±2V时,存储窗口仅为0.9V,随着电压增加到±6和±8V时,存储窗口分别达到3和4.4 V;+-8 V,5×10-5 s的写入操作下,平带偏移量达到1V;室温,85和150℃测试温度下,经过1×105 s的数据保持时间,器件的存储窗口减小量分别为5％,10％和24％.优异的电学性能主要归功于ZrO2和Al2O3之间的深能级界面陷阱及层间势垒.因此,采用ZrO2/Al2O3叠层薄膜结构作为电荷存储层,具有良好的市场应用前景.

The fully transparent indium-tin-oxide/BaSnO3/F-doped SnO2 devices that show a stable bipolar resistance switching effect are successfully fabricated. In addition to the transmittance being above 87% for visible light, an initial forming process is unnecessary for the production of transparent memory. Fittings to the current-voltage curves reveal the interfacial conduction in the devices. The first-principles calculation indicates that the oxygen vacancies in cubic BaSnO3 will form the defective energy level below the bottom of conduction band. The field-induced resistance change can be explained based on the change of the interfacial Schottky barrier, due to the migration of oxygen vacancies in the vicinity of the interface. This work presents a candidate material BaSnO3 for the application of resistive random access memory to transparent electronics.