The centrifugal pump with high lift and large capacity is required in Ganhe Pumping Station,a component of Niulan River-Dianchi Lake Water Supplement Project located at high altitude area.Because of no technical information and pump type can be refereed,the design of pump unit is challenged by large design flow and wide amplitude of lift.Through comprehensively considering the conditions of elevation,water supply demands,amplitude of water lift,sedimentation and operation modes,the hydraulic parameters such as rotating speed,efficiency,cavitation coefficient are optimized by CFD numerical simulation and model test.The results demonstrate that the centrifugal pump designed for the project can fulfill the requirements of long-term stable operation.

The long distance pressure water diversion by pump is the core of a water diversion project and a difficult point in design.The hydraulic transient process of complicated water diversion system of Ganhe Pumping Station under different operation conditions are calculated and the maximum inverted rotation speed and minimum rotational inertia of the units are obtained.The closing law of pump outlet valve is optimized and the time interval of the opening of the units is determined.The minimum size for surge shaft and the highest and lowest surge levels are calculated.The maximum and minimum water hammer pressure along the water diversion system is selected.All the calculation results and parameters meet the design standard,which provides key technical reference for diversion system layout,parameters selection.

The impeller of hydraulic model HEC A934 was used as an initial impeller for the centrifugal pump to be developed,and its diameter was enlarged to an expected value while the outlet blade angle kept unchanged,then the impeller geometry is going to be optimized.The meridian flow channel shape,number of blades,blade section profile,inlet and outlet blade angle and so on were altered according to the lowest,design and highest head specified by the pump user,the performance of those impellers was estimated by means of CFD code-CFX-TASCFlow to examine if the expected head-flow rate curve has been achieved;if not,the alteration will be continued until an impeller with best performance is obtained.Further,the flow in the pump with this optimized impeller was simulated by using Ansys CFX to check if the suction entry,guide vane and volute casing have matched the impeller.Finally,the corresponding model pump was measured on the high head test system II in HEC.It was confirmed that all the hydraulic parameters,namely,head,flow rate,efficiency,cavitation number etc have met the target values.

Ganhe Pumping Station of Niulan River-Dianchi Lake Water Supplement Project is characterized by large embedded depth,complicated underground chamber group and difficult natural ventilation.Based on analysis of local climate,the ventilation parameters for every layer and all locations are calculated and determined.In addition,for a reasonable air blowing amount,the air distribution scheme by rock-wall cooling only is demonstrated.The demonstration results show that for the determined ventilation scheme,cooling scheme by rock-wall can save the operation cost of air conditioners,reaching the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction and meeting the ventilation requirement.

This paper is concerned with performance characteristics of a large-scale high head centrifugal pump,based on A1054 centrifugal pump impeller,for pumping station of Niulan River-dianchi Lake water supply project.The focus is on frequency-change adjusting mode and characteristics analysis of this pump.Application of a large power frequency-change device to this project was introduced.

With the development of modern hydraulic technology, automatic control technology and microcomputer technology,microcomputer governor has been development rapidly; it is a confused problem for user to select correct microcomputer governoraccording to actual conditions. Based on characteristics and adaptability of microcomputer governor, some Key points of selectionwere discussed, it may be refered for other users.

A room temperature ionic liquid,1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(BF4) was prepared by a two-step synthesis.Then gel polymer electrolytes(GPE) prepared by incorporating the ionic liquid BF4 and poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) were modified with aprotic solvents propylene carbonate(PC) and dimethyl carbonate(DMC) and SiO2 nano particles.The structure and properties of the GPE were studied by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),A.C.impedance(AC),thermogravimetry(TG),and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed that the introduction of aprotic solvents PC-DMC and nano-SiO2 particles increased the ionic conductivity of the GPE,which showed a highly ionic conductivity of up to 5.25×10-3 S/cm at room temperature.In addition,the conductive behavior of the GPE follows an Arrhenius equation.The gel polymer electrolytes shows high thermal stability and tends to decompose at temperature higher than 300 ℃.

Different hard segment waterborne polyurethane prepolymers are synthesized in two steps from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)/ toluene diisocyanate (TDI), polyester polyol (N210), dimethlolpropionic acid (DMPA), using deionized water with triethylamine to neutralize and emulsify, then being chained with ethylene diamine (EDA), to obtain WPU adhesives from TDI and IPDI. The structure and properties of different hard segment WPU emulsions and films are investigated by FTIR, Viscosity, Thermo Gravimetric (TG) methods. The NCO contents are analyzed by the quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. It is shown that with the reaction in process, the NCO group content is gradually reduced, and it takes at least 200min to reach the theoretical value. WPU adhesives from TDI and IPDI emulsions are more stable, transparent, and the solvent resistance is better when the contents of DMPA are 3.0%(W/W) and 8.0%(W/W), respectively; Under these conditions, the viscosity can reach 2000mPa·s and 6950mPa·s, respectively. Both WPU films from TDI and IPDI have good thermal stability, and the thermal decomposition temperatures are 350.8℃ and 295.0℃ , respectively. WPU from IPDI has higher mechanical strength, with tensile strength of 3.37MPa. The overall performance of WPU adhesive prepared by IPDI is better than that by TDI.

The IL-Pro/SBA-15 catalyst was prepared using SBA-15 as the support to immobilize ionic liquid proline, which was synthesized from L-proline. The IL-Pro/SBA-15 catalyst was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal gravity analysis-derivative thermogravimetry, N-2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, and the catalytic performance of the catalyst was measured for Knoevenagel reaction. The results showed that the mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was not affected by immobilization; however, the pore diameter, pore volume, and surface area were decreased. Mass loss of the supported ionic liquid occurred at 250-360 degrees C, and reached the maximum at 310 degrees C. The Pro-IL/SBA-15 catalyst had higher activity in Knoevenagel reaction of benzaldehyde with malononitrile and gave the corresponding product yield of 94%. The supported catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction system and reused at least seven times without loss of catalytic activity.

The composite gel polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid [BMIM]PF6 in aprotic solvents were prepared and invesigated.The gel polymer electrolyte PMMA-PC-[BMIM]PF6 showed a highly ionic conductivity about 3.44×10-3 S/cm when the mass ratio of [BMIM]PF6∶PC is 45∶55.The gel polymer electrolyte PMMA-LiPF6-(PC-DMC)-[BMIM]PF6 showed a highly ionic conductivity about 10.05×10-3 S/cm when the mass ratio of [BMIM]PF6∶(DMC-PC) is 35∶65.The electric conductivity of the polymer electrolyte increases with increasing temperature,and fits the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) equation.The gel polymer electrolytes exhibited a greater thermal stability than the traditional non-aqueous electrolyte systems including organic solvent.Most of them exhibited high decomposition temperatures above 250 ℃,and the weight loss was found less than 0.97%(mass fraction) up to 80 ℃.The transference number of lithium ions in the polymer electrolyte is about 0.3.The electrochemical window is up to 5.1 V.

近年来,共轭聚合物与生命科学的交叉学科吸引了众多研究者的兴趣.其中,阳离子共轭聚合物(CCP)在DNA特异性识别生物传感器上的应用最为普遍,成为相关研究者们关注的热点.

Gel polymer electrolytes with ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl-ZnCl2 and an aprotic solvent were prepared via in situ free radical polymerization from vinyl monomers MA,MMA or HEMA as matrix and studied. The structure and properities of the products were studied by means of FTIR,AC,and TG. The interactions and structure changes of the composites were investigated by FTIR. The combination of a Lewis acid ionic liquid,[BMIM]Cl-ZnCl2 with aprotic solvent PC or DMC strongly increased the ionic conductivity in comparison with the neat ionic liquid,which showed a highly ionic conductivity of up to 2.83×10-3 S/cm at room temperature. And the activation energies of ions were calculated according to VTF equation. The gel polymer electrolytes exhibited high decomposition temperatures of above 275 ℃.

Under microwaves irradiation,the enhancement of sulfuric acid hydrolysis process of rice straw was studied.The effects of microwave power,irradiation time,mass fraction of sulfuric acid and rice straw amount in 1 L sulfuric acid solution on yield of reducing sugar were investigated.Compared with conventional acid hydrolysis,microwave radiation can significantly raise the rate of hydrolysis and shorten the time of saccharification.By means of orthogonal experiment,the conditions for sulfuric acid hydrolysis of rice straw under microwaves irradiation were optimized as follows: microwave power 280 W,irradiation time 30 min,sulfuric acid mass fraction 25 %,rice straw amount in 1 L sulfuric acid solution 30 g,and the reducing sugar yield reached 26.45 %.

离子液体是完全由正负离子组成的室温下为液体的盐.离子液体具有低蒸汽压、低熔点;可溶解有机物、无机盐;宽的电化学窗口;良好的离子导电性、导热性及热稳定性等特点,在有机合成、有机催化、电化学、分离分析及纯化等方面具有广泛的应用研究~([1]).离子液体越来越受到人们的关注,但在荧光分析方面的应用研究报道较少.

Gel polymer electrolytes comprising 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-chloride-ZnCl2(Cl-ZnCl2) Lewis acid room temperature ionic liquid in PMMA matrix were prepared by means of in situ radical polymerization of vinyl monomers.The polymer matrix was formed by free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA) monomers.Structure and properities of the product were studied by FTIR,AC,TG,GPC.The interactions and structure changes of Cl-ZnCl2/PMMA were investigated by FTIR,which showed composites structure.When n(Cl-ZnCl2)∶n(MMA) is 7∶3,the gel polymer electrolyte showed the maximum ionic conductivity of about 0.36×10-3 S/cm at room temperature.The gel polymer electrolytes had greater thermal stability than the traditional non-aqueous electrolyte systems including organic solvent.They exhibited high decomposition temperatures above 286 ℃.Mw/Mn ratios of the gel polymer electrolytes were decresed as Cl-ZnCl2 mol content increased,which showed narrower molecular mass distribution.Ionic conductivities of the gel polymer electrolytes were increased as Cl-ZnCl2 mol content increased.

The experiments of catalytic hydrolysis of rice straw by dilute sulfuric acid were performed.The influences of dilute sulfuric acid mass fraction,reaction temperature,reaction time on hydrolysis were discussed.The result showed that rice straw directly treated by dilute sulfuric acid can save the pretreatment step,and obtain good yield of reducing sugar.With the orthogonal test and the variance analysis of the experimental,the optimum reaction conditions were:dilute sulfuric acid mass fraction 20%,reaction temperature 60℃,reaction time 36 h,the ratio of solid to liquid(W/V)was 1∶10,the concentration of reducing sugar can reach 23.835 g/L.For the total progress,we believed that the hemicellulose acid hydrolysis was happened at the first 4 h,cellulose acid hydrolysis was between 16 h and 36 h,the whole progress was finished after 36 h.

The synthesis methods of the polymer electrolyte with organic ionic liquid were summarized.The characters of polymer electrolyte and its application in the catalyst and electric material were also introduced.

利用粉碎分级的天然磷矿石去除废水中的Cd2+,研究了磷矿石对Cd2+的吸附性能。考察了吸附时间、样品用量、溶液pH值、样品粒径以及电解质对吸附性能的影响。实验表明,这五种因素均对Cd2+的吸附有显著的影响,在粒径为180目,pH值为6～7,吸附时间为3h的条件下,磷矿石对Cd2+的去除率可达95.9%。此外电解质阳离子对Cd2+会产生竞争吸附。

化工专业大学生专业素质包含科学素质和化工工程素质.科学素质是指掌握科学研究的系统科学方法,对科学事业执着追求,具有怀疑态度、实事求是、团队合作的精神.