[目的]研究氮肥配施生物炭对坡耕地烤烟/青贮玉米套作生物量和光合特性的影响.[方法]以云烟87烤烟品种和中玉335青贮玉米品种为试验材料,在坡度为10°的模拟小区进行套种试验.设置氮肥水平(N)和生物炭(B)2个因素:3个氮肥施用量(烤烟+青贮玉米)分别为0+0(N0)、52.5 kg/hm2+100 kg/hm2(N1)和105 kg/hm2+200 kg/hm2(N2);2个生物炭施用量分别为不添加生物炭(B0)和添加3％生物炭(每100 kg土添加3 kg生物炭,B1).测定烤烟和玉米成熟期的质体色素含量、光合参数及鲜干质量.[结果]在同一氮肥水平下,添加生物炭可提高成熟期烤烟烟叶的质体色素含量;氮肥配施生物炭对烤烟及青贮玉米的鲜干质量有积极作用,可提高拔节期青贮玉米叶片的叶绿素含量,对成熟期烤烟净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率有提高作用,对拔节期青贮玉米的各项光合参数有提高作用.[结论]生物炭搭配常规施氮处理对提高烤烟鲜干质量和青贮玉米光合作用效果最好,生物炭搭配常规氮肥减半处理次之.因此,生物炭搭配减氮施肥能起到降低氮肥施用量的作用,但具体氮肥的减少量需根据土壤类型和生物炭添加量而定.

[目的]完善烟叶感官质量评价体系以及评判生物质能源烘烤可行性.[方法]采用专家咨询法、描述性统计法、聚类分析法和地统计学,以云南省生物质能源烘烤产区烟叶样品为材料,分析构建生物质能源烘烤烟叶感官质量评价体系,并进行烟叶感官质量区域特征分析.[结果]云南省生物质能源烘烤烟叶感官质量评价指标间大部分存在极显著的相关关系(P＜0.01),其中香气质和香气量与其他指标的相关系数最高;不同等级烟叶感官质量分值是:X2F＜B2F＜C3F,差异极显著(P＜0.01);不同品种烟叶感官质量分值是:云烟87＜K326＜红大,差异极显著(JP＜0.01);烟叶感官质量指数高值区域出现在滇中烟区,向四周逐渐递减,空间差异明显;烟叶感官质量指数高的烟区主要集中在楚雄州、昆明市和玉溪市.[结论]生物质能源烘烤烟叶感官质量量化评价体系具有合理性,对云南省生物质烘烤区域烟叶感官质量进行综合评价是可行的.

控制非烟杂物是烟叶生产收购检查的一项重要工作,是保证烟叶商品质量和提高烟叶使用价值的基本内容.为了更好地控制临沧烟区的非烟物质,生产出更加优质安全的烟叶,对云南省临沧市8个县(区)进行了问卷调查与分析.结果表明,临沧烟区大部分烟农都不同次数地接受过非烟物质控制的宣传和培训;但烟田中、烘烤中和分级中的场所卫生状况还较差,在烟叶生产中烟农对非烟杂物的防范意识还不够强.提出控制非烟物质的建议:加强宣传培训和警示,从人工和相关设备结合来控制非烟物质,在各个环节建立对非烟物质控制的相应考核机制.

The effects of plastic film mulching time on the nitrogen supply of Lincang paddy soil and the nitrogen accumula-tion in tobacco plants were explored.The results indicated that the field growth duration of flue-cured tobacco was 127 d, the chlorophyll content at mature stage was higher , and the various agronomic characters of tobacco plants during 35~45 d after trans-planting were better.In the whole growth period of tobacco, the nitrogen supply of Lincang paddy soil showed the trend of decrease-increase -decrease -increase in treatment M5, and showed the trend of decrease first and then increase in other 4 treatments. The accumulation of nicotine in various organs of tobacco plants revealed the following sequence:leaf>root>stem, and the ac-cumulation of nicotine in roots and stems was slow at T 1~T2 stage and fast at T2~T4 stage.The accumulation of total nitrogen in tobacco plants was arranged as follows: leaf >stem >root.

研究了不同硅肥施用量(0、20、40、60 kg/hm2)对临沧烟区主栽烤烟品种K326农艺性状、花叶病、产质量的影响.研究结果表明:与不施硅肥的处理相比,施用硅肥的烤熠不但提高烟叶的产量、产值、均价和烟叶的质量,而且提高了烟草的抗病性.其中施硅肥60 kg/hm2的处理在产量、产值、均价、中上等烟比例最高,分别为2 773.43 kg,/hm2、48 936.23元/hm2、17.64元/kg、88.76％.

Considering the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)and brown spot disease prevailing in Lincang new tobacco-growing area,organic induced resistant agent (DMP),Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum were studied comparatively on flue-cured tobacco resist-ance.Three kinds of selected organic induced resistant agent (DMP),Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are used in flue-cured tobacco fields to observe the control effect.The result shows that four methods all have significant effect on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)and brown spot disease.Among which DMP +Trichoderma harzianum +Bacillus subtilsi performed best on TMV and brown spot disease with a control effect of 55.1 2% comparing with blank control effect for brown spot disease and 92.35% for (TMV), with a control effect of 4.7% comparing with chemical control effect for brown spot disease and 1 3.0% for (TMV).

An application research of dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (DMP) cooperate with two kinds of bio-control bacterium was carried out in Lincang Tobacco-growing area. The results indicated that,employ DM P in the plant hole before tobacco seedling transplant,then spray trichoderma agent in re-settling stage and before topping,and root-irrigate bacillus agent in the period of vigorous grow th can sig-nificantly improve the length,the width and the area the biggest waist leaf in squaring period and mature period compare with conventional control,blank control and deal with DMP only. The relative control effect of the above mentioned treatment to tobacco mosaic virus amounted to 80.12%,higher than 25.30%of conventional control,higher than 25.90% of treatment deal with DMP. The relative control effect of the above mentioned treatment to tobacco blown spot amounted to 62.24%,higher than 5.83% of the con-ventional control,higher than 13.29% of the treatment deal with DMP only. The relative control effect of the above mentioned treatment to tobacco black shank amounted to 77.42%,15.32 points higher than the conventional control,higher than 26.61% of the treatment deal with DMP. The yield of the above men-tioned treatment is 1886.70kg/hm2,196.80kg/hm2 higher than the blank control,96.60kg/hm2 higher than conventional control. The production value of tobacco leaf reached 49450.41 Yuan per hectare, 6493.15 Yuan per hectare higher than the blank control,3104.72 Yuan per hectare higher than conven-tional control.

The effect of different pesticides on growth characteristics of tobacco was investigated and its yield and economic values and the incidence of root knot nematode situation from a field test in Gengma county,Lincang were compared.The results showed that,the effective method to control of tobacco root-knot nematodes disease was using 3 grams of 5% Shennongdan granules and 0.5% Kenbanxianzun drug granules for each plant,which gained the highest control efficiency(74.52%),and the economic value and quality was about 32 495 Yuan/hm2;the average price was about 12.89 Yuan/kg.Among our test,the treatment with 0.5% Kenbanxianzun drug granules had the preferable and its control efficiency was about 66.87%.While the treatment with full-digested farmyard manures gained the highest yield(2 979 kg/hm2).Then,we concluded that,using 5% Shengnongdan granules and 0.5% Kenbanxianzun drug granules appropriately with more organism fertilizer should be the optimal way to control of the root-knot nematode disease on the flue-cured tobacco.It was also useful to increase the economic yield and promote sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco.