为探讨密集烘烤精准工艺远程调控对烟叶烘烤质量的影响,通过试验对比的方法就常规控制烤房与远程控制烤房对烟叶质量的影响进行了探讨.结果表明:与常规控制烤房相比,远程控制烤房3个部位烟叶上中等烟比例明显增加,烘烤损失率降低1.59百分点;烤后烟叶颜色橘黄,成熟度好,结构疏松,油分足,色度强,烟叶化学成分协调,香气质、香气量好,烘烤后熟充分,清香型风格特色突出.

为了解黑暴烟与旱黄烟烘烤难度较大的因素,为上部叶的特殊烟叶烘烤提供科学依据,以正常烟为对照,以黑暴烟与旱黄烟为处理,研究了采烤后鲜烟叶的质体色素、水分以及化学成分的差异,并分析了不同类型烤烟的等级质量与均价.结果表明:(1)与正常烟相比,黑暴烟的总叶绿素、叶绿素a与叶绿素b的含量显著高,类胡萝卜素的含量显著低;(2)黑暴烟的水分总含量显著高于正常烟旱黄烟,正常烟叶中的自由水含量显著高于黑暴烟与旱黄烟,而黑暴烟与旱黄烟中的束缚水含量显著高于正常烟;(3)黑暴烟的化学成分表现为糖低碱高,正常烟表表现为糖高碱低;(4)不同处理烤后烟以正常烟的等级结构最高,均价表现为正常烟>旱黄烟>黑暴烟,正常烟的均价比旱黄烟高6.98元/kg,比黑暴烟高9.38元/kg.

[目的]探究采收方式对烤烟烘烤效果的影响,确定不同部位烤烟适宜的采收方式.[方法]设置4个不同采收方式,研究不同采收方式下不同部位烤烟的SPAD值、采收时间及烘烤效果.[结果]T1与T2处理可以降低采烤烟叶第3叶位的SPAD值,促进下部叶的成熟采收;除第3位叶,T3处理可以明显降低烟叶SPAD值,提高烟叶的成熟度;采用养熟中部叶与上部叶的3个采烤方式均可提高烟叶的成熟度;T1、T2、T3处理采收方式有利于加速烟叶落黄,均可缩短采收时间,尤其是T1处理与CK相比可以明显缩短烤烟的采收时间;T1处理可以有效提高下部叶与上部叶的上、中等烟比例,T2处理可以提高中部叶的上、中等烟比例.[结论]烤烟采收方式的改变可以显著提高中上等烟与橘色烟的比例,降低青烟与黑糟烟的比例,进而提高烟叶生产的经济效益.

[目的]研究不同的肥料处理对烟叶机械承受能力的影响,及其潜在的作用机制.[方法]以云烟87为试验材料,设计大田试验,通过方差分析和显著性检验进行研究.[结果]与对照组相比,硫酸钾、硼砂、水溶性有机钾、水溶性有机钾+喷施含微量元素的菌肥和含微量元素的菌肥处理能显著提高云烟87脚叶、下二棚和腰叶的机械承受能力,降低田间折断率,同时能提高烟叶主叶脉中的木质素含量.研究结果显示,抗折损的烟叶主叶脉中木质素含量以及烟叶叶肉组织中的木质素合成关键酶过氧化物酶(POD)和L-苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性普遍偏高.烟叶的最大机械承受重量与主叶脉中的木质素含量呈正相关.主叶脉解剖结构特征表明,抗折断烟叶中的维管束厚度较大,机械组织较多,肥料处理能增加维管束厚度.[结论]以上肥料处理能提高烟叶叶肉组织中POD和PAL活性、叶柄主脉木质素含量,使茎秆机械强度增加,有效增强烟叶机械承受能力.

Considering the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)and brown spot disease prevailing in Lincang new tobacco-growing area,organic induced resistant agent (DMP),Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum were studied comparatively on flue-cured tobacco resist-ance.Three kinds of selected organic induced resistant agent (DMP),Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are used in flue-cured tobacco fields to observe the control effect.The result shows that four methods all have significant effect on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)and brown spot disease.Among which DMP +Trichoderma harzianum +Bacillus subtilsi performed best on TMV and brown spot disease with a control effect of 55.1 2% comparing with blank control effect for brown spot disease and 92.35% for (TMV), with a control effect of 4.7% comparing with chemical control effect for brown spot disease and 1 3.0% for (TMV).

An application research of dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (DMP) cooperate with two kinds of bio-control bacterium was carried out in Lincang Tobacco-growing area. The results indicated that,employ DM P in the plant hole before tobacco seedling transplant,then spray trichoderma agent in re-settling stage and before topping,and root-irrigate bacillus agent in the period of vigorous grow th can sig-nificantly improve the length,the width and the area the biggest waist leaf in squaring period and mature period compare with conventional control,blank control and deal with DMP only. The relative control effect of the above mentioned treatment to tobacco mosaic virus amounted to 80.12%,higher than 25.30%of conventional control,higher than 25.90% of treatment deal with DMP. The relative control effect of the above mentioned treatment to tobacco blown spot amounted to 62.24%,higher than 5.83% of the con-ventional control,higher than 13.29% of the treatment deal with DMP only. The relative control effect of the above mentioned treatment to tobacco black shank amounted to 77.42%,15.32 points higher than the conventional control,higher than 26.61% of the treatment deal with DMP. The yield of the above men-tioned treatment is 1886.70kg/hm2,196.80kg/hm2 higher than the blank control,96.60kg/hm2 higher than conventional control. The production value of tobacco leaf reached 49450.41 Yuan per hectare, 6493.15 Yuan per hectare higher than the blank control,3104.72 Yuan per hectare higher than conven-tional control.