浙江省现有野生动物人工繁育企业约1500家,分布在11个市89个县(市、区),年产值约50亿元;经营类型主要可分为食药用性、皮毛用、观赏性与实验性.本文分析了发展形势及发展问题,当前野生动物人工繁育主要存在企业觃模小,抗风险能力弱,野生动物种群退化,缺乏科技支撑和技术培训,标准化人工繁育体系不完善,以及人工繁育法律制度不健全等问题.基于存在的这些问题提出了完善野生动物保护法律制度,促进野生动物产业可持续经营,推广科学驯养繁育及产品深加工技术,以及探索野生动物多元化经营模式等对策,旨在为浙江野生动物人工繁育产业管理、觃划和政策制定提供科学依据.

建立了一种可快速净化果蔬中有机磷农药残留测定的方法.在NY/T 761-2008标准的基础上,采用多功能的免疫亲和柱(MycoSep 226 AflaZon+)对杨梅Myrica rubra,黄瓜Cucumis sativus,辣椒Capsicum annuum样品的有机磷农药提取液进行净化,净化过程可在1 min内钟完成,净化液可直接用于测定,并可明显降低对检测设备的污染程度.试验结果表明,所测定的敌敌畏、丙溴磷、乙酰甲胺磷等19种常见有机磷农药在0.02～1.00 mg·L-1范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999;重现性良好,多次重复测定相对标准偏差仅0.84％,明显优于标准规定处理方法;低、中、高浓度的加标回收率分别在85.4％ ～96.1％,89.7％ ～97.1％,90.2％ ～103％之间,总体回收率均在85％以上.

Recently, with the rapid development of the domestic prefabricated concrete units industry in China, the layout of the beam field plays an exceedingly significant role in the efficiency and cost of the production on the prefabricated concrete. The research builds the assessment system based on the analysis of the process flow of the prefabricated box beam and combines with some relative factors on workshops of the prefabricated concrete, which designs the layout scheme of three workshops according to the unit area. The author gets the optimal layout design scheme of the prefabricated box beam by using the module of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and yaahp software which are used to calculate and analyze three layout schemes.

选取浙江省遂昌县等4个已种植3～5年的青钱柳(Cyclocarya paliurus)人工培育试验基地为研究对象,分析了各个试验地的土壤养分和土壤矿质元素含量及对应的青钱柳叶矿质元素和有机成分含量,并分析了它们之间的相关性.结果表明:淳安试验地的土壤有机质含量和水解性氮含量较高,属1级,其它3个试验地差别不大,分属3～5级;所有试验地的有效磷含量较低,仅为6级;各试验地土壤中钙、镁、铁、锌等矿质元素含量均较高,达到很高或特高级别;硒含量0.1～0.3mg/kg,属中等水平.青钱柳叶多糖含量以淳安试验地为最高,并与其他试验地的有显著差异(P＜0.05),其它指标间大部分无显著差异(P＞0.05);青钱柳叶所含矿质元素中,铁与土壤速效钾、土壤镁、土壤铁成显著负相关,青钱柳叶多糖含量与土壤有机质、土壤水解性氮、土壤交换性镁成显著正相关,青钱柳叶黄酮含量与土壤养分和矿质元素含量间的相关性不明显.

为了研究降香黄檀与越南香枝木材中的化学成分,采用顶空/气质联用法测定了降香黄檀与越南香枝可挥发性成分与脂溶性成分,通过对指纹图谱的对比分析,得出一种可以准确区分两种材质的鉴别方法.结果表明:在可挥发性成分测定中,顶空进样器平衡温度是影响可挥发性成分检出种类及量的主要因素之一,可挥发性成分检出种类及量随平衡温度增高而增加;两材种可挥发性成分较多,均达30种以上,且种类相似,虽含量有差别但不足以构成其特征性差异,无法将两材种加以区分.在脂溶性成分测定中,乙酸乙酯是提取两材种脂溶性成分的最佳试剂,石油醚提取效果较差,甲醇提取液对检测系统污染程度较高;两材种脂溶性成分丰富、相同成分众多,且差异性成分也多.两材种均含大量的橙花叔醇、反式-橙花叔醇和6,7-环氧-蛇麻烯等3种脂溶性成分,三者之和均可达脂溶性成分总量的40％以上.越南香枝中有5种含量较高的脂溶性成分即3,3',4,4'-四甲氧基二苯乙烯、松属素、3-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-7-甲氧基苯并二氢吡喃、3,4-二氢-7-甲氧基-3-(2,3,4-三甲氧基苯基)-2H-l-苯并吡喃、N-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙基]-3-甲氧基-苯甲酰胺,这5种脂溶性成分在越南香枝中含量之和占总脂溶性成分的20％～40％,而在降香黄檀中不足1％,由此可将两材种进行有效鉴别和区分.分析认为,降香黄檀与越南香枝两材种的化学成分差异显著,其中可挥发性成分差异不明显,无法以此准确区分材种,而脂溶性成分种类及含量差异显著,可准确区分两材种.

采用乙酸乙酯对檀香紫檀及6种常见仿紫檀木材抽提物进行提取,利用气质联用法对提取液进行成分分析,通过对抽提物化学成分种类及含量差异的对比,得出一种鉴别檀香紫檀的化学分类方法.结果表明:相同材种提取液所含化学成分种类相近,不同材种间差异较大;6种伪紫檀提取液化学成分均与紫檀有明显区别,且均有各自的特征性成分可作为鉴别该材种的标志性物质.鉴别方法操作简单方便,且高效环保,可作为鉴别紫檀等红木类珍贵木材的辅助方法.

竹席是我国南方普遍使用且与人体直接接触的夏季商品,但竹席生产中使用了醛类胶黏剂,有必要掌握其甲醛释放量.由于现行标准的检测标准存在差异,而水萃取法在此方面应用较少,故而为竹席质量统一评价带来困难.该文分别用两种方法测定竹席的甲醛含量,探讨比较两种测试方法的相关性和主要影响因素,解析追溯甲醛来源,以期为竹席甲醛指标评定和生产质量控制提供借鉴.实验结果表明:虽然两种方法可比性较低,但两种方法测定的竹席甲醛含量合格率普遍较低;水萃取法测定时优先选择以单位面积来衡量,该方法只检测到部分游离或水解的甲醛,水浴温度和水浴时间是影响水萃取法测定的主要因素,静置时间的延长也容易使甲醛含量出现增高趋势;竹席甲醛含量测定时的预处理方式对甲醛含量影响极大,经过一次擦拭、通风晾干,竹席甲醛释放量降低约50％,经过二次擦拭、通风晾干,70％超标竹席的甲醛释放量可达到合格线.建议加大力度开发竹席用环保型胶黏剂.

建立了一种高效液相色谱法测定人造板中甲醛含量的技术体系.在穿孔萃取法的基础上,通过改变测试样品的物理形态而减少称样量,采用挥发性相对较小的有机试剂作为提取液,引入2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)作为衍生剂,将萃取与衍生同时进行,并结合高效液相色谱法测定了人造板样品中的甲醛含量.结果表明:在供试提取剂中,乙腈的提取效率较好,与穿孔萃取法的测定结果一致,且重复性好.样品萃取时间以30 min为宜,甲醛标准曲线为y=2.525 1x-0.014 3,决定系数R2=0.999 4,最低检出质量浓度为0.01 μg/mL,方法检出限为2.0 × 10-4 mg/g.不同质量浓度甲醛在样品中的回收率在95％～ 98％之间,相对标准偏差在1.1％～2.9％以内.本方法的准确度和精密度均可满足痕量甲醛测定要求,可以对人造板中甲醛含量进行准确测定.

Soluble solid content in winter shoot ofPhyllostachys heterocycla cv.pubescens was determined by millipore filter-refractometry. At the same time, continuous determinations were conducted on aqueous solution of 10% sucrose, oxalic acid and citric acid for 6 times each. The result demonstrated that the average values of different solutions were 9.83%, 9.79%, 9.71% respectively and standard deviation of 6 tests was 1.31%, 1.04% and 1.05% respectively. Soluble solid content in winter shoot was 6.9% -8.2% and the average content was 7.5%.

通过对白花树Styrax tonkinensis多年的观察,其果实成熟期一般在9-10月.为了探索白花树果实成熟期内脂肪酸和含油率的累积变化规律,自2011年8月中旬(10日)起至201 1年10月下旬(21日),对标记的白花树果实定期取样(12d·次-1),共取7个批次.经过一系列处理后测定百粒质量、含油率和脂肪酸组成.结果表明:9月下旬(27日)至10月上旬(9日)是白花树果实和种子成熟的拐点时期,这段时期果壳开始干燥脱水,果实内含物迅速累积；随着果实和种子的成熟,饱和脂肪酸的相对含量逐渐下降,而不饱和脂肪酸除了亚油酸显著下降,其他脂肪酸相对含量均缓慢上升.这些结论对果实的采收时间和储藏方式有一定的理论指导意义.

Solid phase microextraction(SPME) is a new technology for pretreatment.Introduction was made on device,principles,extraction technology,influence factors,technical features and application of SPME.Presentations were made on application of SPME in determination of solvent residues,aroma compositions and contamination in plant oil and assessment of its oxidation progress and stability.

　　建立了基质分散萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定杨梅、猕猴桃中膨大素的方法：以乙腈为提取剂，甲醇为淋洗液、经氨基柱净化，高效液相色谱检测。结果表明：以乙腈：水（67/33, V/V）或甲醇/水（67/33， v/v）为流动相，流速0.5mL·min-1～1mL·min-1，色谱柱Kromasil C18(250mmX4.6mm），5μm锈钢柱，UV265nm检测，外标法定量。方法检测线性范围0.025μg·mL-1～100μg·mL-1，相关系数r=0.9999，回收率98.4%～110%，方法检出限0.01mg·kg-1～0.04mg·kg-1。应用该方法的提取液可同时测定有机磷、菊酯、多菌灵等农药残留。

以东魁杨梅为试验材料,研究不同浓度氯吡脲处理对其生长及果实营养品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,10、20 mg/L氯吡脲处理东魁杨梅单果重增加3.2%、6.8%,其他处理单果重均减少;20 mg/L氟吡脲处理东魁杨梅大小显著增加。10 mg/L氯吡脲处理使杨梅总糖含量和维生素C含量显著提高,对杨梅内在品质提高起一定作用。

10.3969/j.issn.2095-3704.2013.02.025

Determination was implemented on volatile components in Dalbergia cochinchinensis and D.retusa by headspace-GC-MC.The result demonstrated that relative content of benzaldehyde and 3-Phenyl-2-propenal in D.retusa was 72%-83%,while in D.cochinchinensis 32%-38%.The absolute content of benzaldehyde and 3-Phenyl-2-propenal in D.retusa was 8.2-11.2 time of that in D.cochinchinensis.The test resulted also that equilibrium temperature of Headspace sampler was one of the main factors to influence on detection of volatile components.

综述了食品中现有的甲醛检测方法(光度法、色谱法、电化学法、传感器法),比较了各检测方法的优缺点,并指出在实际分析过程中应根据不同检测方法的原理、范围、灵敏度、干扰因素、反应条件、检测速度等进行分析比较。

Volatile compounds of Pterocarpus santalinus wood were determined by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and qualitative analysis for identification of the wood.Samples were detected and their volatile compounds were compared with characteristics types and contents.Results showed that there are some same volatile compounds from different wood,but their characteristic contents had great difference.

Forchlorfenuron,a residue of plant growth regulator in kiwi fruit was determined by matrix solid phase dispersion extraction(MSPD) and reversed high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC).Kiwi fruit was extracted with acetonitrile.The extract was pre-purified by amino column eluted by methanol.The resultant extract was then separated and measured by HP LC.The optimum conditions of HPLC were as follows: mobile phase: methanol/water(67/33,V/V) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,column: Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),and UV detection wavelength:265 nm.External standard calibration was adopted for quantification.The linearity was good when the concentration ranged from 0.125 to 100 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9).Recovery rates at low,medium and high concentrations of the addition of forchlorfenuron were 108%,98.3%,and 97.9%,with the relative standard deviations of 2.1%,0.27%,and 0.23%,respectively.The limit of detection was 0.01 mg·kg-1.The method is accurate and reliable for the determination of forchlorfenuron in kiwi fruit.