The Tibetan Plateau Summer Monsoon (TPSM) has a distinct circulation structure driven by the Tibetan Plateau (TP) thermal air pumping. Its main features are lower-tropospheric convergence and upper-tropospheric divergence. Based on the JRA-3Q reanalysis, this study proposes a new index named the Pumping Plateau Monsoon Index (PPMI). The PPMI is defined as the difference in divergence between 200 and 600 hPa. It is used to measure the intensity of the TPSM thermal pumping effect and its associated three-dimensional circulation structure. The results show that the PPMI is significantly associated with the atmospheric heat source over the TP. It is also related to the zonal displacement of the South Asian High (SAH) and circulation variations over the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) region. During strong TPSM years, an anomalous anticyclone develops over the TP. This anomaly is accompanied by an eastward displacement of the SAH toward the Tibetan High mode. Meanwhile, upper-tropospheric circulation anomalies favor a reversal of the meridional potential vorticity gradient over the TP-TP. This reversal is accompanied by the bifurcation of the Rossby wave train. Its eastward propagation weakens, and downstream wave-activity energy transport decreases. During strong TPSM years, the atmospheric circulation features an alternating cyclone-anticyclone-cyclone-anticyclone wave train extending from the IP through the TP and Eastern China to the Korean Peninsula (KP). As the TPSM intensifies, alternating anomalous descending and ascending motions develop from Eastern China to the KP. These vertical-motion anomalies further modulate the East Asian Trough and moisture transport over the EASM region. Further analysis of the intraseasonal evolution of TPSM and EASM precipitation shows that the TPSM-related teleconnection has coordinated, stage-dependent intraseasonal variations. In June, its positive phase is characterized by reduced precipitation over eastern China and increased precipitation over the KP and southern Japan, which corresponds to the rapid development of the TPSM. The opposite pattern appears in July and August. This study reveals an important dynamical linkage through which TPSM thermal forcing influences EASM circulation anomalies. The results provide a new perspective for understanding the relationship between the TPSM, the EASM, and sub-seasonal climate variability.

In recent decades, the climate of Tibetan Plateau has undergone notable changes, which has a strong influence on global climate systems and human activities, making it a research hotspot. However, due to its extreme elevation, harsh environment, and complex underlying surface, long-term observations of the central Plateau's atmospheric vertical profiles have been challenging and scientific data sharing is crucial and in urgent need. This paper presents a 9-year observational dataset (2014-2022) with hourly temporal resolution from the Nagqu region of northern Tibet. The dataset is a combination of four field stations covering the central Tibetan Plateau, which recorded near-surface meteorological data, radiation budget, turbulent fluxes, and soil hydrothermal characteristics. All observational items in this dataset underwent data processing and quality control to ensure data quality. This dataset represents the most detailed raw observational data on the central Tibetan Plateau's spatial coverage and recent changes. It holds significant value in revealing energy and water exchanges between the land surface and the atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau. Main datasets are freely available at the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center (10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.270010, Hu et al., 2019 and https://cstr.cn/18406.11.Meteoro.tpdc.270010, last access: 5 November 2025) and additionally at National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center (10.11888/Atmos.tpdc.300325, Wang et al., 2023a and https://cstr.cn/18406.11.Atmos.tpdc.300325, last access: 5 November 2025).

The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau summer monsoon is an important component of the Asian monsoon system， significantly influencing the energy and moisture cycles in the plateau and its surrounding regions.This study uses JRA-55 monthly reanalysis data from 1980 to 2020 and GPCC monthly precipitation data， combined with the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Monsoon Index.Various statistical methods， including correlation analysis， regression analysis， composite analysis， and dynamic diagnostics， are used in this study.This paper focuses on the impact of the summer monsoon over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on water transport， such as precipitation， atmospheric circulation， and water budget.The results show that： （1） When the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau summer monsoon is strong （weak）， precipitation in the central and eastern parts of the plateau increases （decreases）.（2） From the perspective of water vapor transport， when the summer monsoon over the plateau is stronger， there is an anomalous anticyclonic circulation over central India， an anomalous westerly airflow to the south of the plateau， and the water vapor transport over the plateau is primarily dominated by the westerly water vapor transport channel.（3） Analysed in terms of moisture budget， when the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau summer monsoon is strong （weak）， moisture inflow at the southern and western boundaries of the plateau increases （decreases）， while moisture inflow at the northern boundary decreases （increases）， resulting in an increase （decrease） in regional net moisture budget.（4） The impact of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau summer monsoon on moisture convergence/divergence is mainly driven by the contribution of the wind’s dynamic component， while the thermal component from moisture advection is relatively small.

Aerosols from human activities significantly affect the radiative balance and energy equilibrium of the atmosphere, thereby influencing air pollutant concentrations and meteorological factors. This study examines the Chinese mainland and its surrounding regions in 2014, revealing that aerosols influence meteorological factors and therefore the pollutant concentrations, especially in areas experiencing severe particulate pollution. The aerosol feedback not only increases the annual average concentration of pollutants such as PM2.5 (0.30 mu g m_ 3) and CO (4.04 ppbV), but also reduces the annual average values of meteorological variables such as surface temperature (0.18 K) and wind speed (0.01 m s_ 1). The magnitude of aerosol feedback on pollutants and meteorological factors depends primarily on the mass concentration of aerosols. During the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit in Beijing emission reduction period, the impact of aerosol feedback on pollutants and meteorology was clearly weakened in the key emission reduction areas, reflecting the influence of aerosol feedback. Importantly, the feedback effects of aerosols in heavily polluted areas is up to an order of magnitude greater than in the broader study region, although with large spatial variability. In the heavily polluted areas like Beijing, PM2.5 concentrations correlate well with the difference of temperature and wind speed between Beijing and its surrounding areas. It is also shown that, in case of heavy pollution, WRF-Chem model predictive capabilities often diminish, presenting underestimation and shortcomings in assessing the impact of aerosols on heavy pollution and regional disparities. This implies that some feedback processes involving anthropogenic aerosols may not be fully represented in the model. In the face of increasingly severe climate change, better understanding of the bidirectional interactions between aerosols and meteorology, along with associated feedback mechanisms, is essential for effectively mitigating air pollution, adapting to climate change, and managing climate impacts. This study highlights the critical role of aerosol feedback in regional pollution and modulating meteorological factors, providing a scientific basis for targeted air quality management and climate mitigation strategies in heavily polluted areas.

The unique topography and location of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) often result in extreme weather events, which have led to disastrous consequences for the TP and its downstream regions. The TP summer monsoon (TPSM) and the TP vortex (TPV) play key roles in the transfer and redistribution of water vapour during the summer months on the TP and are increasingly active in summer and disappear in winter. However, it remains uncertain if a relationship between these systems. Understanding the relationship between these two systems is crucial for uncovering precipitation patterns on the TP, improving weather forecasting accuracy and reducing socioeconomic losses resulting from weather-related disasters. On the basis of GLDAS and ERA5 reanalysis data from 1996 to 2022, the relationships between TPVs and the TPSM were explored in terms of their intensity and spatial characteristics, and their impacts on the spatial distributions of precipitation across the TP were examined in this study. The results indicated that the monthly mean TPSM index agreed very well with the TPV in terms of the annual number formed, duration and intensity, especially in July and August. The investigation of the movement of the center of the TPSM from May to October revealed that the center of the TPSM moves westward when the TPV is active and moves eastward when the TPV is less active. In years with a strong TPSM, the precipitation location generated by TPVs was biased toward the east. This finding could be attributed to the greater number of TPV events and the fact that the TPVs in years with a stronger TPSM moved eastward across a greater distance than those in years with a weaker TPSM. These findings highlightthe contribution of the joint relationship between the TPSM and TPV to seasonal circulation changes and could provide a new perspective for the study and prediction of precipitation distributions on the TP.

The central Tibetan Plateau is the highest plateau in the world with an average elevation surpassing 4500 m. Its unique geographical location makes it a key area of land surface thermodynamic forcing on the atmosphere, as well as the transition zone between the Asian monsoon systems and the midlatitude westerlies. Observations from this region are important and critical, but they are severely lacking due to its challenging, harsh environment. To address this critical observational gap, the Nagqu Observational Network for Plateau Climate and Environment (NPCE), established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences with continuous operations since 1997, has made significant progress over 27 years of concerted effort. Consisting of five sites with various underlying surface conditions, this network has been continuously providing high-accuracy, multiparameter in situ measurements. To date, NPCE has produced a 27-yr in situ dataset for weather and climate research. NPCE focuses on investigation of surface-layer micrometeorology, surface energy budget and soil hydrothermal processes, clarification of boundary layer structure and variability, and development of regional coupled climate and hydrological models. This article introduces the network's construction, scientific objectives, key research findings, and future development framework. Data collected by NPCE will benefit the science community for research and climate monitoring, including weather forecasts, climate change, ecosystem services, and water resources management.

The energy transfer within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is a crucial variable influencing weather processes both on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and in its downstream areas. This paper assesses the accuracy of ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) in comparison with radiosonde data in different weather conditions. The effects of surface heat flux and precipitation on the atmosphere in different weather conditions are quantified to facilitate the study of land- atmosphere coupling in the Nagqu region. The findings indicate that microwave radiometer can provide accurate measurements of air temperature within 4 km height and specific humidity below cloud cover. The variation in surface sensible heat aligns with changes in the convective boundary layer (CBL) height, whereas latent heat shows no significant correlation during the diurnal cycle. Furthermore, daily precipitation process influences the lower atmosphere in the Nagqu region, with the impact scaling with precipitation intensity. The MWR observations indicate that precipitation generated by the Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) has the most significant impact on the land-atmosphere energy exchange.

Seasonal precipitation has always been a key focus of climate prediction. As a dynamic-statistical combined method, the existing observational constraint correction establishes a regression relationship between the numerical model outputs and historical observations, which can partly predict seasonal precipitation. However, solving a nonlinear problem through linear regression is significantly biased. This study implements a nonlinear optimization of an existing observational constrained correction model using a Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) machine learning algorithm based on output from the Beijing National Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC-CSM) and station observations to improve the prediction of summer precipitation in China. The model was trained using a rolling approach, and LightGBM outperformed Linear Regression (LR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost). Using parameter tuning to optimize the machine learning model and predict future summer precipitation using eight different predictors in BCC-CSM, the mean Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC) score in the 2019–22 summer precipitation predictions was 0.17, and the mean Prediction Score (PS) reached 74. The PS score was improved by 7.87

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The heat source of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau not only strengthens the formation and maintenance of the climate background in drylands of China, but also has a significant impact on the climate anomalies there. A deep understanding of the relationship between Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat source variety and climate anomalies in drylands of China is of great significance for maintaining ecological security, preventing major meteorological disasters and promoting regional sustainable development. This paper reviews and combs the current relevant research on the impact of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat sources on climate anomalies in drylands of China, including the climate characteristics of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat sources, the impact of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat sources on climate anomalies in drylands of China, and the prediction function of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat sources’ early signals on climate anomalies in drylands of China. Previous studies have shown that the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat sources have significant discrepancy of seasonality, regionality and time stages. By regulating the circulation systems such as the meridional circulation on the northern side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, South Asian high, westerly jet and zonal planetary wave, it has an impact on the climate anomalies in drylands of China; At the same time, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau snow and frozen soil change the surface energy balance and soil water and heat transfer through the land surface process, and affect the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat source, which can be used as the early signal for the prediction of summer precipitation in drylands of China. Finally, based on the summarizing of previous research progress and achievements, the future research direction of the impact of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat sources on climate anomalies in drylands of China is prospected. Under the background of global warming, there is still great uncertainty in the temporal and spatial variation law of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat sources. At present, the way of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau heat source affecting climate anomalies in drylands of China is not comprehensive, and the internal influence mechanism between them still needs to be further studied.

<正>2010年9月—2012年8月本科采用严格清创联合负压封闭引流技术(vaccum sealing drainage,VSD)治疗手部高压注射伤患者6例,取得良好效果,现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组6例患者均为男性,年龄22～65岁,平均年龄29岁。高压注射物分类:油漆伤2例,采油工程作业

Objective To study skills and effect of AO mini titanium plate fixation in the treatment of metacarpal and phalangeal intraarticular fracture.Methods The patients with metacarpal and phalangeal intraarticular fractures were treated by early open reduction and AO pure titanium mini plate and nail.Early rehabilitation was carried out postoperatively.Totle 42 cases of metacarpal fractures were observed.Among them,26 cases were metacarpal fractures,with the metacarpal head fracture in 9 cases,with basilar part fractures in 4 cases,with phalange fracture in 16 cases.Results All cases were followed up for 3 months to 1 year after operation.The fractures were healed completely.Functional evaluation were achieved good rate by the hand surgery standard.Conclusion The method of AO mini titanium plate and nail fixation could have good effect in the treatment of Metacarpal and phalangeal intraarticular fractures.

目的 探讨S形弯钩克氏针综合法在手指伸肌腱止点重建术中的治疗效果.方法 对11例手指伸肌腱止点离断的病例给予s形弯钩克氏针综合法治疗,即在原有的克氏针内固定术的基础上,背伸10°～15°固定远位指间关节,在针尾设计S形弯钩,并将止点重建缝合的肌腱线牵引出指端固定在保护垫的固定点上,术后辅以综合保护措施的方法.结果 11例患者均一期愈合,术后4周正常拆除外固定的肌腱线并拔除克氏针内固定.无一例切口感染、皮肤压迫坏死.随访2～22(5.41±4.94)个月,按照总主动活动度(TAM)评定标准,优6例,良4例,可1例,优良率为90.9%(10,11).结论 S形弯钩克氏针综合法是临床上治疗手指伸肌腱止点离断的一种简单、实用、疗效确切、经济有效的治疗方法。

大面积烧伤后存在严重的高分解代谢,有关文献报道烧伤面积超过60%代谢率最高达正常人的2倍左右[1].肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征(superior mesenteric artery syndrome,以下简称SMAS)好发于长期卧床、体重急剧下降的患者,其特点为胃、十二指肠球部降部扩大及内容物滞留.两者同时发生如不能及时有效诊治,则会带来严重的并发症,直接威胁生命.我科即成功收治了1例大面积烧伤合并SMAS的患者,现报道如下.