当前在全球后疫情时代背景下,卫生检验与检疫人才承担着病毒检测和疫情监测的任务.我国卫生检验与检疫专业本科人才培养起步较晚,培养模式尚处于摸索阶段,目前教学内容、方法仍较陈旧,重"理论"轻"实践"、重"检验"轻"检疫"、毕业生实际岗位胜任力不足.笔者以所在团队该专业本科生培养为例,探究后疫情时代多层次、多维度人才培养路径,助力卫生检验与检疫本科人才培养取得成效.

食品安全是直接关系到公众健康、生命安全和社会稳定的重大公共卫生问题.食品理化检验存在着理论教学重理论、轻实践,实验教学重验证性、轻设计自主创新性以及课程辐射性不强等不足.课题组在教学中以经典的食品安全案例为抓手,以学生为中心,创新性地构建理论教学-虚拟仿真-实样检测-盲样考核的教学体系,将专业知识+科技、专业知识+思政育人双链融合的教和学相贯通,实现了专业知识技能-文化传承创新的协同提升;同时,结合科技特派员的社会服务属性,充分利用国家各级科普平台,推送课程相关科普推文,增强了课程的社会辐射性.目前该课程已取得了较好的教学效果.

BackgroundArsenic is recognized as a kind of developmental toxicant, which can pass through the placenta barrier and induce health defects in offspring. However, the effects of environmental levels of arsenic exposure during gestation on the reproductive system of adult male offspring remain unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of environmental levels of arsenic exposure during gestation on testosterone synthesis and sperm quality in F1 adult male rats.MethodsForty sexually mature Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four groups according to body weight, namely control group, low-dose sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) group, middle-dose NaAsO2 group, and high-dose NaAsO2 group. They were mated with sexually mature Wistar male rats in a ratio of 2:1, and the day with presence of a vaginal plug or spermatozoa in the vaginal smear was designated as gestational day 0 (GD0). Pregnant rats were provided drinking water containing 0, 1, 5,, or 25 mg·L−1 NaAsO2 until delivery. At postnatal day 70, the F1 male rats were euthanized. Anogenital distance was measured, testis and epididymis were weighed, and associated organ coefficients were calculated. Epididymal sperm quality was evaluated. The histological changes of testis were observed. The levels of testosterone and estradiol in serum were determined with ELISA kit. The testicular mRNA relative expression levels of key steroidogenic enzymes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein relative expression levels of key steroidogenic enzymes were determined by Western blotting.ResultsCompared with the control group, the testicular coefficients and epididymis coefficients were increased in the low- and middle-dose groups (P<0.05), and the epididymis coefficient was also increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). As for the percentage of sperm motility, compared to the control group, grade Ⅰ sperm cells were increased in the low-dose group, but significantly decreased in the middle- and high-dose groups; grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ sperm cells were decreased in the low- and high-dose groups; grade Ⅳ sperm cells were significantly increased in the middle- and high-dose groups; all the differences above were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in serum testosterone levels in all treated groups (P<0.05), and the serum estradiol levels were significantly decreased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the relative mRNA expression levels of Hsd3β1 and Cyp19a1 were decreased (P<0.05), while those of StAR and Cyp11a1 were increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). In addition, the relative protein expression levels of CYP11A1 were significantly increased in all treated groups compared with the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionEnvironmental levels of arsenic exposure during gestation can up-regulate testosterone level and reduce sperm quality, and is a potential risk for reproductive dysfunction in adult male offspring.

目的 基于生物信息学视角探讨子宫内膜异位症与不孕症的关联. 方法 挖掘五类疾病-基因信息数据库平台获取子宫内膜异位症与不孕症的共同相关基因,并对其进行基因富集可视化以及构建蛋白互作网络图. 结果 子宫内膜异位症与不孕症的共有基因为366个.将其共有基因导入Metascape平台进行富集分析,发现两类疾病的共有通路主要集中在生殖结构发育、细胞因子介导的信号通路、癌症相关通路、细胞增殖负调控、类固醇代谢过程等;参与的蛋白质互作网络主要有15类模块子结构,参与蛋白最多的模块子结构最相关的三大通路为PD-1信号通路、CD28家族的共同刺激途径、Th17细胞分化. 结论 子宫内膜异位症与不孕症包含大量交叉共有的基因,同时其基因也共同作用于多个相关功能通路与生物过程,提示两类疾病之间存在着密切关联的机制,可为药物治疗提供共同靶点.

当前新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行,卫生检验与检疫专业承担着病毒检测和疫情监测的实验室任务,然而该专业本科人才培养方式尚处于摸索阶段.本研究以该专业实验教学为例,将翻转课堂和虚拟仿真教学模式结合应用在我校近2届该专业本科实验教学课堂中,探究线上线下混合教学模式助力卫生检验与检疫专业本科岗位胜任力培养的成效.

[目的]研究发现,必需氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸能够改善糖代谢,而稻谷胚芽中富含上述物质.本研究拟探讨稻谷胚芽对糖尿病模型大鼠糖代谢的影响.[方法]将100只雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为10只正常对照组和90只模型组.模型组给予高糖高脂饮食并且大鼠腹腔注射35 mg/kg链脲佐菌素建立Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型.将55只建模成功的糖尿病模型大鼠分成五组:模型组、药物对照组以及低、中、高剂量稻谷胚芽组,其中低、中、高剂量稻谷胚芽组大鼠分别予以添加了2.5％、10％和40％(均为质量分数)的稻谷胚芽饲料喂养12周,其余各组均给予基础饲料;药物对照组另每日灌胃500 mg/kg盐酸二甲双胍.实验结束后,测定空腹血糖和空腹胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素敏感指数.观察胰岛B细胞的超微结构.测定肝脏组织中的葡萄糖激酶与脂肪组织中的葡萄糖转运蛋白4和脂联素的mRNA水平.[结果]稻谷胚芽中的必需氨基酸含量高于精制大米(白米),尤其是赖氨酸[(7200±88) mg/kgvs (2530±33) mg/kg,P＜0.05]等;其脂肪酸含量也高于白米,达30～43倍.与模型组相比,低、中、高剂量稻谷胚芽组的空腹血糖[分别为(2493.7±473.0)、(1935.1±318.0)、(1583.8±345.9) mg/L]、空腹胰岛素[分别为(4.08±0.19)、(3.53±0.16)、(3.29±0.21)mU/L]均降低,胰岛素敏感指数[分别为(-6.93±0.29)、(-6.53±0.25)、(-6.26±0.23)]升高,胰腺组织损伤程度减轻,胰岛数目增加,胰岛B细胞超微结构损伤减轻.中、高剂量稻谷胚芽组葡萄糖激酶和脂联素的mRNA表达水平均上调(P＜0.05),高剂量稻谷胚芽组的葡萄糖转运蛋白4 mRNA表达也上调(P＜0.05).[结论]稻谷胚芽改善Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的机制可能与其肝脏组织中葡萄糖激酶和脂肪组织中脂联素、葡萄糖转运蛋白4的mRNA表达上调有关.以上结果表明稻谷胚芽也许是Ⅱ型糖尿病的潜在治疗剂.

围绕强化公共卫生现场综合实践能力与素质为专业核心能力培养,建立四个整合了多学科的理论与技能及职业素养于一体的特色教学内容模块,构建并实现三个综合化,实施“教学内容-教学方法-考核评价”三位一体化的教学模式,构建和制定综合实践能力培养要求标准与实践能力培养路径图,课程成效明显.

[背景]大豆异黄酮具有类似内源性雌激素的结构和功能,在豆类制品中广泛存在.既往研究表明不同发育时期大豆异黄酮暴露对女性生殖系统具有不同的影响,但关于成年期大豆异黄酮暴露的研究尚未见相关报道.[目的]探讨成年期大豆异黄酮暴露对大鼠卵巢卯泡发育的影响,为成年期大豆异黄酮的合理利用提供科学依据.[方法]44只3月龄清洁级雌性Wistar大鼠,按体重随机分为对照组和低、中、高大豆异黄酮剂量组(25、50、100 mg/kg),每组11只,每日灌胃1次,持续6个月.干预结束后取卵巢称重并计算脏器系数;观察卵巢组织学变化并计算卵泡构成比;测定血清抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)水平;测定卵巢AMH、雌激素受体β(ERβ)、卵特异性连接组蛋白(H1foo)、干细胞因子(SCF)及其受体(c-Kit)的mRNA表达水平.[结果]与对照组相比,各剂量组体重、卵巢重量及其脏器系数差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与对照组相比:低剂量组窦前卵泡构成比升高(12.2％ vs 8.6％);中剂量组有腔卵泡构成比升高(40.7％ vs 30.3％),但黄体构成比降低(7.4％ vs 19.1％);高剂量组窦前卵泡构成比降低(3.4％vs 8.6％),但闭锁卯泡构成比升高(53.8％ vs 42.0％);差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).各剂量组血清AMH水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但低、中剂量组AMH mRNA表达水平下降,高剂量组表达水平上调(对照组和低、中、高剂量组分别为1.00±0.03、0.58±0.03、0.53±0.03、2.82±0.37,P＜0.05).与对照组(0.92±0.07)相比,低、中、高剂量组c-Kit mRNA表达水平均上调(分别为1.19±0.01、1.50±0.07、1.80±0.15,P＜ 0.05).同样,低剂量组SCF mRNA及高剂量组H1foo、ERβ mRNA表达水平相较对照组也上调[分别为(2.08±0.06) vs (1.19±0.29),(1.46±0.03) vs (1.03±0.13),(1.29±0.26) vs (0.92±0.09),P＜0.05].[结论]成年期大鼠25 mg/kg及以上的大豆异黄酮暴露可通过影响卵巢细胞因子的表达进而影响卵巢卵泡发育.

目的 探讨断乳至性成熟期赤霉素暴露对大鼠卵巢类固醇激素合成的影响.方法 将40只21日龄清洁级Wistar雌性大鼠按体重随机分为4组,分别为对照组、50、100和200 mg/kg赤霉素染毒组,灌胃至性成熟(56日龄),其中对照组灌喂蒸馏水,观察大鼠动情周期,测定血清中雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(Pg)、睾酮(T)含量.采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)测定卵巢类固醇激素合成相关基因StAR、HSD3B1、SF-1、CYP11A1、CYP17A1、CYP19A1的mRNA表达水平.结果 与对照组比,赤霉素各剂量组大鼠体重、卵巢重量以及卵巢脏器系数差异均无统计学意义;与对照组比较[(9.36±4.39)h],高剂量组动情前期时长[(2.00±4.32)h]明显缩短(P＜0.01),而动情期[(56.20±9.73)h vs.(45.00±12.40)h]及动情周期总时长[(97.20±9.62)h vs.(82.55±10.21)h]明显延长(P＜0.05);与对照组比较[(51.82±9.82) pg/mL],中剂量组雌二醇[(38.98±10.01) pg/mL]水平显著下降(P＜0.01),而高剂量组[(72.36±13.19) pg/mL]水平显著上升(P＜0.01).而孕酮(PG)、睾酮(T)水平各组间差异无统计学意义.与对照组比较(1.005±0.114),低、中、高剂量组CYP17A1 mRNA水平表达上调[(1.446±0.117)、(1.626±0.232)和(1.652±0.132)],中、高剂量组CYP11A1[(1.367±0.143)和(1.668±0.123)]、HSD3B1[(1.442±0.039)和(1.696±0.078)]、SF-1[(1.322±0.137)和(1.553±0.149)]、StAR[(1.598±0.133)和(1.603±0.096)]基因mRNA水平上调(P＜0.01).结论 断乳至性成熟期赤霉素暴露可通过影响类固醇激素合成相关基因的表达,进而影响卵巢类固醇激素的合成.

当前我国医学教育改革发展进入了一个新阶段,面对高等教育改革发展的新形势,高等医学院校教师对教育改革研究的积极性却受到教学评价导向性不足、行政化制约、奖励机制不均衡等诸多因素制约.本文分析了教师教学改革研究积极性现状和原因,并从加强顶层设计、完善制度导向、创新工作机制等方面提出相应措施,旨在促进医学高等教育内涵式发展.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的探讨米胚芽对成年小鼠糖耐量的影响及作用机制。方法 6周龄ICR小鼠30只,按体重随机分为对照组、低、高剂量米胚芽组,分别给予基础饲料、添加10%和40%米胚芽饲料饲养4周,实验结束后测空腹血糖、胰岛素,计算胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）,进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）;取小鼠血清和肝组织测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力和丙二醛含量;采用荧光实时定量PCR（RT-PCR）测定小鼠肝脏组织中葡萄糖激酶（GCK）和脂肪组织中葡萄糖转运体-4（GLUT-4）mRNA表达水平。结果与对照组比较,高剂量米胚芽组小鼠ISI（-2.59±0.33）明显升高、0.5 h血糖[（6.75±2.20）mmol/L]与血糖曲线下面积（12.81±3.19）下降（P&lt;0.05）;与对照组比较,高剂量米胚芽组小鼠肝脏组织中GSH-Px、SOD酶活力[分别为（44.34±11.96）、（34.88±7.70）U/gprot]升高,丙二醛含量[（1.57±0.43）nmol/m L]降低;与对照组比较,低、高剂量米胚芽组小鼠血清中SOD活力[分别为（48.45±2.54）、（53.27±2.51）U/m L]升高,MDA含量[分别为（1.44±0.25）、（1.46±0.35）nmol/m L]降低（P均&lt;0.05）;与对照组比较,高剂量米胚芽组小鼠肝脏组织GCK mRNA表达水平上调,低高剂量米胚芽组小鼠脂肪组织GLUT-4 mRNA表达水平上调（P&lt;0.05）。结论米胚芽可提高成年小鼠的糖耐量水平,其机制可能与其抗氧化活性和调控糖代谢相关基因表达有关。</span>

目的 探讨米胚粉饮食干预对Ⅱ型糖尿病模型SD雄性大鼠的影响,为防治Ⅱ型糖尿病的相关并发症提供科学依据.方法 102只SD雄性大鼠随机分为Ⅱ型糖尿病模型组和正常对照组,前者给予高脂高糖饲料和小剂量STZ后,再随机分为模型组、阳性对照组及米胚粉低、中、高剂量组,分别给予普通饲料、普通饲料+500 mg/kg二甲双胍溶液灌胃、2.5％、10％、40％米胚粉饲料,正常对照组给予普通饲料.饮食干预4周后,计算各组大鼠死亡率,并检测血清及肝脏抗氧化指标(SOD、MDA、GSH-PX)和血脂指标(TG、CHO、LDL-C).结果 高剂量组无死亡发生,高剂量组与模型组相比较,血清与肝脏中SOD显著增加[分别为(44.81±6.17)、(150.36±24.11)U/ml](P＜0.05),MDA显著降低[分别为(7.53±1.84)、(7.07±1.13)U/ml](P＜0.05),且血清CHO与LDL-C明显降低[分别为(2.57±0.41)、(1.04±0.47)mmol/L](P＜0.05).结论 米胚粉对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠具有降血脂、改善氧化损伤、降低死亡率的作用.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的探讨大豆异黄酮对未成年小鼠卵巢发育影响,为雌性生殖发育毒性研究提供实验依据。方法21 d ICR小鼠48只,按体重随机分为对照组,低、中、高剂量大豆异黄酮组（50、100、200㎎/㎏）,每日灌胃1次,持续5周,干预结束后测定血清性激素水平,观察阴门开放时间,计算卵巢脏器系数及各级卵泡构成比。结果高剂量大豆异黄酮组小鼠卵巢系数[（0.436±0.120）mg/g]低于对照组[（0.987±0.420）mg/g]（P&lt;0.05）;高剂量大豆异黄酮组小鼠雌二醇水平[（32.96±12.83）pg/m L]明显低于对照组[（53.76±16.44）pg/m L]（P&lt;0.05）,而孕酮在各组间差异无统计学意义;与对照组小鼠阴门开放时间[（33.50±2.68）d]比较,中剂量大豆异黄酮组小鼠阴门开放时间[（31.14±1.21）d]提前,差异有统计学意义（P&lt;0.05）;大豆异黄酮组小鼠成熟卵泡比例随着剂量增加呈下降趋势,而闭锁卵泡比例呈上升趋势,与对照组比较,高剂量大豆异黄酮组小鼠成熟卵泡比例下降,闭锁卵泡比例上升,差异有统计学意义（P&lt;0.05）。结论断乳至性成熟期持续暴露大豆异黄酮,可干扰未成年小鼠卵巢发育。</span>

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的探讨大豆异黄酮对幼鼠动情周期和卵巢钙铁锌含量影响。方法 21日龄ICR小鼠经口灌胃不同剂量的大豆异黄酮（50、100、200 mg/kg）5周,观察各组小鼠动情周期、计算卵巢系数,原子吸收分光光度法测定小鼠卵巢和血清钙铁锌含量。结果高剂量大豆异黄酮组小鼠卵巢系数[（0.746±0.213）mg/g]低于对照组[（1.135±0.468）mg/g]（P&lt;0.05）;各组小鼠动情周期差异无统计学意义（P&gt;0.05）;与对照组比较,大豆异黄酮各剂量组小鼠卵巢钙锌含量均明显降低（均P&lt;0.05）,中、高剂量组小鼠卵巢铁含量[分别为（0.776±0.177）、（0.770±0.138）mg/g]明显降低（P&lt;0.05）、血清锌含量[分别为（3.570±0.697）、（4.954±1.448）μg/m L]明显增加（P&lt;0.05）;而各组小鼠血清钙、铁含量差异无统计学意义（P&gt;0.05）。结论大豆异黄酮持续暴露可影响幼鼠卵巢钙铁锌含量。</span>

Objective To examine the single nucleotide polymorphisms in ORMDL3 gene impact on childhood asthma in Guangdong Chinese population.Methods A multicenter,large sample,prospective case-control study was conducted.A total of 598 cases of Guangdong cadastral children (300 cases in asthmatic group and 298 cases in control group) were selected.Using univariate Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the association between ORMDL3 gene SNP rs12603332 CC and the risk factors related to age,gender,family history,atopic history of physique,respiratory virus infection,suction sensitization,and food sensitization.Multifactor Logistic regression analysis was selected to analyze the interactive effect between ORMDL3 gene and the risk factors for childhood asthma.Results ORMDL3 gene SNP rs12603332 CC genotype was significantly associated with family history(P =0.007,OR =1.845,95 ％ CI 1.178-2.889) and respiratory virus infection (P =0.007,OR =1.976,95 ％ CI 1.206-3.235).ORMDL3 gene SNP rs12603332 CC genotype,CT genotype and TT genotype had interactive effect with family history [OR =22.644 (95 ％ CI 9.390-54.606),OR =33.500 (95 ％ CI 7.839-143.157),and OR =11.167 (95 ％ CI 1.319-94.559)].ORMDL3 gene SNP rs12603332 CC genotype,CT genotype and TT genotype had interactive effect with respiratory virus infection [OR =32.476 (95 ％ CI 9.875-106.805),OR =12.667 (95 ％ CI 3.699-43.375),and OR =7.917(95％ CI0.909-68.945)].Conclusions ORMDL3 gene SNP rs12603332 CC genotype indicates a high frequency in asthmatic children.The children who have ORMDL3 gene SNP rs12603332 CC genotype are easily attacked by respiratory virus.Compared with other asthma risk factors,SNP rs12603332 and family history of asthma or SNP rs12603332 and respiratory virus infection are more likely to have childhood asthma in Guangdong population.

目的用超声骨密度测定影响低骨量婴幼儿的相关因素并探讨低骨量患儿在中山北部地区的干预方案。方法选取在南方医科大学附属小榄医院儿童体检室作常规健康体检的6～36个月婴幼儿211例。所有研究对象测定骨超声传导速度(SOS),同时抽血查血钙、磷、铁、锌和碱性磷酸酶(ALP),将超声骨密度Z值低于均数2个标准差的小儿编为低骨量组,将骨密度Z值在均数±2个标准差间的小儿编为正常组,分别比较两组血液检测结果。对低骨量组患儿予补充维生素D(Vit D)、钙剂和补充相应微量元素,并对饮食结构、日光浴等做干预性行为指导。于3、6、12个月后分别复查SOS,三次复查结果分别与前一次结果比较。结果低骨量组血钙、磷、锌、铁均降低。正常组与低骨量组上述指标比较差异有显著性,两组ALP比较差异无显著性。低骨量组在治疗前与治疗后第3个月的SOS值比较差异无显著性;治疗后第3个月与第6个月的SOS值比较差异有显著性;治疗后第6个月与第12个月的SOS值比较差异有显著性。结论①婴幼儿低骨量与血钙、血磷、血锌、血铁相关。②对饮食结构、日光浴等行为指导及加强对Vit D、钙剂、磷、铁、锌等元素的补充,可提高远期骨量。

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics and causes of nosocomial infections in the neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.METHODS The clinical data of 156 cases of neonates with HIE who were treated in the neonatal department from Jan 2008 to Dec 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS Of totally 156 neonates with HIE,the nosocomial infections occurred in 42 cases with the incidence rate of 26.92%;there were 84 cases with mild HIE,among which there were 20 cases with nosocomial infections;there were 53(23.81%) cases with medium HIE among which there were 12(22.64%) cases with nosocomial infections;and there were 19 cases of severe HIE among which there were 10 cases with nosocomial infections,the incidence rate was 52.63%,two times of the incidence of the nosocomial infections as the slight HIE.CONCLUSION The incidence rate of the nosocomial infections in the HIE neonates is higher than the total infection rate,the skin and mucous membrane infections is a common cause,the neonates with the severe HIE are prone to be infected,and the most appropriate time for the treatment of HIE is 6h.

Objective To explove the correlation between Alberta Infant Motor Scale(AIMS)and the motion field of 0 ~6-year-old pediatric examination table of neuropsychological development(pediatric neuropsychological table for short)to provide a basis for the extension use of AIMS on the assessment for the infants' motor development and provide the basis for the early intervention for the infants with motor developmental delay.Methods A total of 238infants were selected,without high risk factors,from 3-month-old to 12-month-old,with regular health examination,from the pediatric examination room of Xiaolan's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University.They were divided into groups:3~6-month group,6~ 9-month group,9~12-month group and 3~12-month group.The infants were assessed by AIMS and pediatric neuropsychological table.The correlations of AIMS and pediatric neuropsychological table were analyzed.Results The correlations of results of AIMS and pediatric neuropsychological table were:3~6-month:r=0.92,6~9-month:r=0.77,9~12-month:r= 0.90,3~12-month:r=0.97).The tests of the correlation coefficient of the population in each month group were statistically significant.Conclusions AIMS is significantly correlated with those of the motion field of 0~6-year-old pediatric examination table in the north area of Zhongshan City.And so AIMS provide a basis for the extension use of AIMS on the assessment for the motor development of infants with high risks but normal motor pattern and provide the basis for the early intervention for the infants with motor developmental delay in the north area of Zhongshan city.

With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up,international students' education has become an important part of higher education in China.It also embodies degree of openness and international level on college.According to the enrolling characteristics of exchange students and the difficulties encountered in teaching,this paper proposes some appropriate countermeasures.

建立验证性和设计性实验两种教学模式检测食物中维生素C的含量,通过问卷调查方法对两者的教学效果进行比较。结果表明综合性设计性实验教学更能有效提高学生的综合分析能力并培养学生的科研能力。