【Objective】 To evaluate the effects of different carbohydrates on the predation and flight ability of Hippodamia variegata with a view to providing a theoretical basis for better exerting the pest control efficiency of H.variegata.【Method】 After supplementing with different carbohydrates, the predation of H.variegata under different densities ofAphis gossypii was measured indoors, and the flight parameters of H.variegata under different treatments were measured by an indoor flying mill system.【Results】 The predatory functional response of H.variegata adults to the fourth instar nymphs of A.gossypii after supplementing with different carbohydrates was Holling-Ⅱ. After supplementing carbohydrates nutrition, as the density of the prey gradually increases, the predation ability of H.variegata increases, and the searching ability gradually decreases. Compared with the treatment of water, the predation and searching ability of H.variegata under the treatment of glucose and sucrose have both increased, The daily maximum number of scales preyed theoretic by female H.variegata adults was 675.68 and 757.58 respectively, and The daily maximum number of scales preyed theoretic by male H.variegata adults was 374.53 and 609.76 respectively; after supplementing glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltoseand raffinose, the cumulative flight time and cumulative flight distance of H.variegata prolonged significantly; the accumulate flight time was 7.78, 6.17, 7.58, 6.80 and 6.63 h respectively, and the accumulate flight distance was 9.51, 7.70, 8.46, 6.94 and 7.12 km respectively of female H.variegata adults; the accumulate flight time was 4.69, 4.99, 5.17, 5.09 and 5.20 h respectively, and the accumulated flight distance was 4.53, 5.41, 5.28, 4.72 and 5.52 km respectively of male H.variegata adults; after supplementing glucose and maltose, the maximum flight time and flight distance of female H.variegata was significantly extended, the maximum flight time is 1.99 and 2.88 h respectively, and the maximum flight distance is 2.90 and 2.83 km respectively; supplementation of different carbohydrate nutrients had no significant effect on the flight speed of adult H.variegata.【Conclusion】 Supplementation of glucose and sucrose can improve the predation and searching ability of H.variegata, and supplementation of glucose and maltose can improve the flight ability of H.variegata.

绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum是我国棉花、果树及茶树等多种作物上的一种重要害虫,刺吸取食寄主植物可造成生长点枯死、叶片破损、花蕾脱落、棉铃及果实畸形等症状,严重影响农作物产量与品质(姜玉英等,2015).红颈常室茧蜂Peristenus spretus是我国绿盲蝽等多种盲蝽类害虫若虫的优势寄生蜂,自然控害作用明显,且可以规模化饲养和人工释放,在盲蝽防治中应用潜力巨大(罗淑萍等,2016),但在室内评价中发现红颈常室茧蜂对吡虫啉等多种常用化学药剂较敏感(Liu et a1.,2015).因此,本研究通过多重复小区试验评价吡虫啉对红颈常室茧蜂田间寄生控害功能的影响,以期为指导红颈常室茧蜂田间保育和人工释放提供科学依据.

本研究于2015—2017年通过扫网法系统调查了北疆棉田周边17种常见杂草上草蛉种群密度与季节动态.结果表明:北疆棉区杂草带上共有6种草蛉分布,其中普通草蛉Chrysopa carnea(占64.8％)、叶色草蛉C.phyllochroma(占25.8％)为优势种.草蛉种群密度在不同杂草上存在显著差异,紫花苜蓿、大麻上的草蛉密度分别在2015年、2016年显著高于其他杂草,2017年甘草、罗布麻、苦豆子上的草蛉密度较高.另外,草蛉密度呈现出明显的季节性波动,棉花花铃期(7月—8月)、吐絮期(9月)杂草上草蛉密度显著高于棉花苗期与蕾期(5月—6月).本研究明确了北疆棉区草蛉种类组成结构,筛选出紫花苜蓿、大麻、甘草、罗布麻、苦豆子5种对草蛉存在潜在保育作用的功能杂草,为利用田埂杂草促进棉田草蛉类天敌的保育控害提供了科学依据.

加强科研废弃物管理是保障农业科研单位安全、平稳运行的基本保障.文章总结了科研废弃物管理工作的重要性,分析了农业科研单位科研废弃物管理工作的现状与存在的问题,从健全规章制度、依法分类管理、统筹全流程管控、加强责任落实等方面提出了加强科研废弃物管理的工作思路,并从强化原位处理、做好暂存管理、及时清运处置、加强监督检查、提高应急能力等方面提出了加强科研废弃物管理的措施.

为了缓解玉米生产中涝渍胁迫带来的问题,通过小区试验,研究外源多胺拌种对玉米抗涝能力的影响.结果表明,淹水后,多胺拌种植株的丙二醛物质的量浓度均低于不拌种植株,且在恢复期内基本能下降到正常水平;多胺拌种植株的可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖质量分数在处理时期均低于不拌种植株,淹水后均升高,且表现出先升后降的趋势;淹水条件下,百粒质量和产量均大幅度下降,在淹水3、5、7、9d条件下,多胺拌种和不拌种植株百粒质量下降幅度分别为2.94％、14.42％、21.88％、22.11％和16.24％、18.30％、25.59％、27.99％,产量降幅分别为32.10％、43.20％、48.74％、43.94％和35.13％、47.65％、53.67％、48.86％;持续淹水条件下,多胺拌种产量比不拌种产量最高可提高625.11 kg/hm2.

Exogenous polyamine is a type of bioregulators and often used for drought resistance. This study investigated the feasibility to use it for waterlogging resistance in summer maize. A test-pit experiment was carried out in Shang qiu, China (24°35′N, 115°34′E, elevation 50.2 m). The waterlogging treatments for 3, 5, 7 and 9 days were designed in early grain filling stage of summer maize. At 3 days before ending waterlogging, the exogenous polyamine solutions or equivalent distilled water were sprayed 2 times per day (at 8:00 a.m. and 18:00 p.m.) to the maize in each treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, the field without waterlogging was set up as the control (CK). Samples were taken at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after spraying for determination of soluble sugar content of leaves, root activity, shoot dry biomass, and endogenous spermidine content of leaves. At harvest, grain weight, yield and its components were measured. The results showed that: 1) After waterlogging in the early grain filling stage of summer maize, the soluble sugar content of leaves decreased. Spraying exogenous polyamine greatly increased the soluble sugar content. At 3 days after waterlogging, compared with distilled water treatment, the exogenous polyamine treatments for 3, 5, 7 and 9 days waterlogging significantly increased the soluble sugar content by 12.13%, 8.36%, 20.01%, and 12.17%, respectively (P<0.05); 2) At 3 days after waterlogging, compared with the distilled water treatments, the root activity for exogenous polyamine treatments in 3, 5, 7 and 9 days waterlogging was significantly increased by 24.76%, 40.45% and 31.46%, respectively (P<0.05). Overall, the root activity presented a upward-to-downward trend after the waterlogging; 3) The shoot dry biomass, spike length, rows per spike, kernels per row and yield of all the treatments were reduced significantly (P<0.05) compared to the CK. The spike core weight of 5 and 7 days of water flooding treatments decreased significantly (P<0.05), while there weren't significantly different at 3 and 9 days of water flooding treatment. The hundred-grain weight of 3, 7, and 9 days of water flooding treatment increased significantly (P<0.05), while dropped significantly after 5 days of waterlogging treatment. For the 3 and 5 days of waterlogging treatments, compared with treatments with distilled water, spraying exogenous polyamine increased the spike length by 6.56% and 7.80%, respectively, increased the rows per spike by 8.24% and 7.41%, respectively, and the increased the yield by 7.92% and 5.85%, respectively (P<0.05). In general, spraying exogenous polyamine was effective for waterlogging resistance in the early grain filling stage of summer maize when waterlogging lasted for 5 days or less, but the effect was not obvious for 7-9 days of waterlogging. In the future, different spraying amount and concentrations should be explored in order to find an optimal spraying amount and concentration. This study could provide useful information forthe recovery of summer maize after waterlogging.

An advanced backcross population of 273 BC3S1 individuals was developed derived from the cross Solanum pimpinellifolium LA722 × Solanum lycopersicum 9706 and a map was constructed containing 35 CAPS markers and 62 SSR markers.The QTLs controlling cold tolerance were mapped in the wild tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium LA722 by mass screening test under cold stress.Using MQM mapping method,seven QTLs controlling cold tolerance were mapped in five chromosomes.The five QTLs coffering cold-tolerance during seed germination were mapped to chromosomes 1,2,5 and 11,while the two QTLs coffering cold-tolerance during seedling stage were mapped to chromosome 2 and 8.The QTLs on chromosomes 2 and 5(qRGI-2-1 and qRGI-5-1) could explain 12.8% and 32.9% of the phenotypic variance,respectively.The cold tolerance of 12 tomato self-offspring(BC3S2) during seed germination and seedling stages was at or better than that of LA722 and the agronomic traits,such as fruit weight,were also close to or better than normal tomato variety 9706.So these lines can be used as tomato cold-resistant breeding materials.