Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a rare interstitial lung disease. Although CEP has been partially characterized in adults, pediatric data remain scarce, which often leads to diagnostic delays and management uncertainty. This retrospective cohort study analyzed demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and treatment data from children with CEP between 2014 and 2025. Patients were stratified into ‘Cured’ (complete resolution) and ‘Protracted’ (persistent symptoms or imaging abnormalities > 3 months) groups for exploratory comparison. Thirteen patients (median age 2.92 years; 61.5

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a rare, rapidly progressive respiratory disease characterized by diffuse pulmonary eosinophilia. Its etiology, clinical course, and prognosis in children remain incompletely understood. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Yuying Children’s Hospital, enrolling children diagnosed with AEP between January 2014 and December 2024. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed. Among 31 patients with pediatric AEP, the highest proportion occurred in autumn (38.7

This study aimed to identify the spectrum and prevalence of viral, atypical, and bacterial pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children aged 0–5 years and to evaluate their relationship with clinical indicators such as white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT). This study analyzed 923 children hospitalized with CAP admitted at the Pediatric Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, China. Multiplex RT-PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis was used for diagnosis to detect 13 respiratory pathogens. Other tests included routine blood tests, CRP, and PCT measurements from venous blood samples, and standardized sputum samples were obtained for bacterial culture. Among 923 children aged < 5 years, 659 (71.40

Background: The majority of children hospitalized with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection do not exhibit conventional identifiable risk factors. The composition of the respiratory microbiota, in conjunction with host factors, significantly influences the initiation and progression of respiratory tract infections. We hypothesized that the severity of RSV infection in children is influenced by the interplay between host immune response regulation and the respiratory microbiota. Methods: 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted on nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from pediatric RSV-infected patients (n = 129) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 21). Leukocyte transcriptomics was conducted using whole blood samples from 75 RSV-infected children and 40 age-matched HCs. Patients were grouped by severity of illness. To identify pathologic regulatory mechanisms, advanced computational methods were employed to analyze and integrate these datasets. Results: Compared with HCs, RSV-infected children exhibited decreased microbial diversity, and higher relative abundances of the genera Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, and Variovorax that were positively correlated with the severity of infection. Transcriptomics uncovered 1,016 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the mild-, moderate-, and severe-infection groups versus the HC group. Of these, the 169 DEGs were common to all three infection groups were mainly enriched in processes related to hydrogen peroxide catabolic precursors, host entry mechanisms, response to lipopolysaccharide, and receptor-mediated endocytosis of viruses by host cells.Integrated microbiome and transcriptome analyses revealed strong correlations between two characteristic genera and two genes. Conclusions: The respiratory microbiota is useful to distinguish severity of infection. Specifically, interactions between RSV and nasal microbes may regulate the host immune response, potentially affecting the severity of clinical diseases.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and the risk factors of severe human metapneumovirus (hMPV)-associated community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. Methods: A retrospective case summary was conducted. From December 2020 to March 2022, 721 children who were diagnosed with CAP and tested positive for hMPV nucleic acid by PCR-capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis of nasopharyngeal secretions at the Yuying Children's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were selected as the research objects. The clinical characteristics, epidemiological characteristics and mixed pathogens of the two groups were analyzed. According to CAP diagnostic criteria, the children were divided into the severe group and the mild group. Chi-square test or Mann-Whitney rank and contrast analysis was used for comparison between groups, while multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors of the severe hMPV-associated CAP. Results: A total of 721 children who were diagnosed with hMPV-associated CAP were included in this study, with 397 males and 324 females. There were 154 cases in the severe group. The age of onset was 1.0 (0.9, 3.0) years, <3 years old 104 cases (67.5%), and the length of hospital stay was 7 (6, 9) days. In the severe group, 67 children (43.5%) were complicated with underlying diseases. In the severe group, 154 cases (100.0%) had cough, 148 cases (96.1%) had shortness of breath and pulmonary moist rales, and 132 cases (85.7%) had fever, 23 cases (14.9%) were complicated with respiratory failure. C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated in 86 children (55.8%), including CRP≥50 mg/L in 33 children (21.4%). Co-infection was detected in 77 cases (50.0%) and 102 strains of pathogen were detected, 25 strains of rhinovirus, 17 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 15 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 12 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 10 strains of respiratory syncytial virus were detected. Six cases (3.9%) received heated and humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, 15 cases (9.7%) were admitted to intensive care unit, and 2 cases (1.3%) received mechanical ventilation. In the severe group, 108 children were cured, 42 children were improved, 4 chlidren were discharged automatically without recovery and no death occurred. There were 567 cases in the mild group. The age of onset was 2.7 (1.0, 4.0) years, and the length of hospital stay was 4 (4, 6) days.Compared with the mild group, the proportion of children who age of disease onset <6 months, CRP≥50 mg/L, the proportions of preterm birth, congenital heart disease, malnutrition, congenital airway malformation, neuromuscular disease, mixed respiratory syncytial viruses infection were higher (20 cases (13.0%) vs. 31 cases (5.5%), 32 cases (20.8%) vs. 64 cases (11.3%), 23 cases (14.9%) vs. 44 cases (7.8%), 11 cases (7.1%) vs. 18 cases (3.2%), 9 cases (5.8%) vs. 6 cases (1.1%), 11 cases (7.1%) vs. 12 cases (2.1%), 8 cases (5.2%) vs. 4 cases (0.7%), 10 cases (6.5%) vs. 13 cases (2.3%), χ2=0.42, 9.45, 7.40, 4.94, 11.40, 8.35, 3.52, 6.92, all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age<6 months (OR=2.51, 95%CI 1.29-4.89), CRP≥50 mg/L (OR=2.20, 95%CI 1.36-3.57), prematurity (OR=2.19, 95%CI 1.26-3.81), malnutrition (OR=6.05, 95%CI 1.89-19.39) were the independent risk factors for severe hMPV-associated CAP. Conclusions: Severe hMPV-associated CAP is most likely to occur in infants under 3 years old and has a higher proportion of underlying diseases and co-infection. The main clinical manifestations are cough, shortness of breath and pulmonary moist rales, fever. The overall prognosis is good. Age<6 months, CRP≥50 mg/L, preterm birth, malnutrition are the independent risk factors for severe hMPV-associated CAP.

Objective:In order to explore the impact of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)on the hospitalization of children with bronchiolitis and to improve clinicians′ understanding of the characteristics of bronchiolitis during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:This was a multicenter clinical study, and the data have been collected from 23 children′s medical centers in China.All the clinical data were retrospectively collected from children with bronchiolitis who were hospitalized at each study center from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021.The results included gender, age at hospitalization, length of stay, respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) test results, severity rating, ICU treatment, and the total number of children hospitalized with respiratory tract infection during the same period.The clinical data of children with bronchiolitis in 2019 before COVID-19 epidemic and in 2020、2021 during COVID-19 epidemic were statistically analyzed and compared.Results:According to a summary of data provided by 23 children′s medical centers, there were 4 909 cases of bronchiolitis in 2019, 2 654 cases in 2020, and 3 500 cases in 2021.Compared with 2019, the number of bronchiolitis cases decreased by 45.94% in 2020 and 28.70% in 2021.In 2019, 2020 and 2021, there were no significant differences in gender ratio, age, and duration of hospitalization.Compared with 2019, the ratio of bronchiolitis to the total number of hospitalizations for respiratory tract infection decreased significantly in 2020 and 2021( χ2=12.762, P<0.05; χ2=84.845, P<0.05).The proportion of moderate to severe bronchiolitis cases in both 2020 and 2021 was lower than that in 2019, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.054, P<0.05; χ2=8.109, P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of bronchiolitis cases requiring ICU treatment between 2019, 2020, and 2021 ( χ2=1.914, P>0.05).In 2019, a total of 52.60%(2 582/4 909) of children with bronchiolitis underwent RSV pathogen testing, and among them, there were 708 cases with RSV positive, accounting for 28.00%.In 2020, 54.14%(1 437/2 654) of children with bronchiolitis underwent RSV pathogen testing, and there were 403 cases with RSV positive, accounting for 28.04%.In 2021, 66.80%(2 238/3 500) of children with bronchiolitis underwent RSV pathogen testing, and there were 935 cases with RSV positive, accounting for 41.78%.Compared with 2019 and 2020, the RSV positive rate in 2021 showed a significant increase( χ2=99.673, P<0.05; χ2=71.292, P<0.05). Conclusion:During the COVID-19 epidemic, the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures reduced the hospitalization rate and severity of bronchiolitis, but did not reduce the positive rate of RSV detection.

目的 研究毛细支气管炎患儿出院1年后反复喘息的发生情况及危险因素,并比较呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncy-tial virus,RSV)和人鼻病毒(human rhinovirus,HRV)感染患儿的反复喘息发生率.方法 收集2018年1～12月温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院收治的932例因毛细支气管炎住院患儿的鼻咽部分泌物,采用聚合酶链反应-毛细电泳片段分析法(polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis,PCR-CEFA)检测呼吸道病毒核酸.出院后随访1年,比较反复喘息组与非反复喘息组的临床资料,以及RSV、HRV感染患儿反复喘息发生率.结果 共检出981株病毒,以HRV 333株(33.9％)和RSV 319株(32.5％)最常见.随访成功435例,随访1年时有130例患儿(29.9％)发生反复喘息,其中,HRV组的反复喘息发生率明显高于RSV组(37.7％vs 25.5％,χ2=5.504,P=0.019).反复喘息组中男性、既往喘息史、哮喘家族史、家族过敏性疾病史、HRV感染比例均高于非反复喘息组(χ2分别为13.715、12.913、6.795、5.706、4.664,P<0.05).结论 RSV、HRV是毛细支气管炎患儿的主要病原体;HRV感染后反复喘息发生率高于RSV感染;男性、既往喘息病史、哮喘家族史、HRV感染为毛细支气管炎患儿发生反复喘息的危险因素.

Severe adenoviral pneumonia (SAP) can cause post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) in children. We aimed to investigate the relevant risk factors for PIBO and develop a predictive nomogram for PIBO in children with SAP. This prospective study analysed the clinical data of hospitalised children with SAP and categorised them into the PIBO and non-PIBO groups. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regressions were applied to variables that exhibited significant intergroup differences. Logistic regression was adopted to analyse the risk factors for PIBO. Additionally, a nomogram was constructed, and its effectiveness was assessed using calibration curves, C-index, and decision curve analysis. A total of 148 hospitalised children with SAP were collected in this study. Among them, 112 achieved favourable recovery, whereas 36 developed PIBO. Multivariable regression after variable selection via LASSO revealed that aged < 1 year (OR, 2.38, 95

目的 研究联合ADL、HCT、FEV1％pred对慢阻肺急性加重患者并发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的预测价值.方法 选取2019年1月至2022年10月合肥市第二人民医院收治的慢阻肺急性加重患者共306例,根据有无并发Ⅱ型呼衰将其分为呼衰组(97例)与非呼衰组(209例).经Logistic回归分析探讨慢阻肺急性加重患者并发Ⅱ型呼衰的危险因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估相关指标的预测价值.结果 呼衰组ADL、FEV1/FVC、FEV1％pred及L、PLT低于非呼衰组,HCT高于非呼衰组(P<0.05).ADL、FEV1％pred、HCT是慢阻肺急性加重患者并发Ⅱ型呼衰的独立危险因素(P<0.05),且三者对其均具有预测价值,AUC分别是0.720、0.778、0.662,联合指标ADL+FEV1％pred+HCT也具有预测价值,AUC为0.833,且联合指标AUC高于个单个指标(P<0.05).结论 ADL、FEV1％pred、HCT是慢阻肺急性加重患者并发Ⅱ型呼衰的独立危险因素,三者联合预测价值优于单个指标.

目的:探讨宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)技术诊断肺脓肿病原的价值.方法:回顾性分析2019年8月至2021年8月温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院儿童呼吸科住院的4例肺脓肿患儿的临床资料和mNGS结果,并对相关文献进行复习.结果:4例患儿均为男性,年龄2月龄至11岁,有咳嗽、发热,发热持续时间10.5 d(6～17 d),其中例4伴呼吸困难、胸痛.4例均经胸部CT诊断为肺脓肿,例4为两侧肺脓肿.例1-3支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)mNGS分别检出肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、普雷沃菌,例4外周血mNGS检出约翰逊不动杆菌和人葡萄球菌.例1 BALF培养出肺炎链球菌,余3例均阴性.患儿经静脉抗菌药物治疗平均11.75 d(9～14 d)后病情好转,出院后口服抗菌药物序贯治疗,门诊随访8～12周,复查影像学显示肺脓肿吸收完全.共检索到7篇成人应用mNGS诊断肺脓肿病原的文献,未检索到儿童相关文献.结论:mNGS因其独特的技术优势,敏感性高,并能检出厌氧菌及罕见病原,可为儿童肺脓肿病原诊断提供新的手段,从而指导临床抗菌药物治疗.

目的:基于RNA测序数据的分析,寻找A亚型呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎有关的关键基因(Hub基因)和通路,为RSV毛细支气管炎的干预和治疗提供依据.方法:招募23例RSV毛细支气管炎住院患儿为病例组,以10例健康儿童为对照组.收集外周血白细胞并提取RNA用于高通量测序.利用三种R软件包(DESeq2、edgeR、limma)获取病例组和对照组之间的差异表达基因(DEGs).利用R包clusterProfiler和Metascape在线工具对所有的DEGs进行GO和KEGG富集分析.利用STRING数据库进行DEGs的蛋白互作分析,利用Cytoscape软件筛选Hub基因.结果:共筛选出286个DEGs,包括166个表达上调的基因和120个表达下调的基因.GO功能富集分析发现DEGs主要参与过氧化氢代谢过程、细胞对生物刺激的应激反应、维生素D受体信号通路等生物学过程.KEGG通路分析显示DEGs主要涉及免疫系统中的细胞因子信号、适应性免疫系统、中性粒细胞脱颗粒等信号通路.从蛋白互作网络中筛选出4个核心模块,主要与RAF/MAP激酶级联反应、病毒蛋白与细胞因子和细胞因子受体互作等通路有关.最后筛选出RRM2、BUB1B、BUB1、MCM10、CDC45、MKI67、ASPM、NCAPG、NUSAP1、ESPL1、CDT1共11个与A亚型RSV毛细支气管炎相关的Hub基因.结论:本研究鉴定出的免疫相关通路和Hub基因可能与RSV毛细支气管炎发病有关,其具体机制值得进一步研究.

Objective:To identify the core genes related to the disease severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in children using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), aiming to provide reference for predicting the condition of RSV infection.Methods:Twenty-two patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University with RSV bronchiolitis from October 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 were enrolled as the case group. They were divided into three groups based on the severity of the disease: mild group, moderate group and severe group. Twenty-two healthy children were selected as the control group. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood leukocytes and analyzed by RNA-seq to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between children with RSV bronchiolitis and healthy children. The gene co-expression modules related to disease severity and biological indicators for disease severity assessment were identified.Results:The median age of the 22 patients (19 males and 3 females) was 3 months. The median age of the 22 healthy children (14 males and 8 females) was 4 months. There was no significant difference in age or gender between the two groups. There were 8 cases in the mild group, 7 cases in the moderate group and 7 cases in the severe group. Through significance analysis, 416 DEGs were found in the mild group, 586 in the moderate group and 846 in the severe group. According to WGCNA analysis, 10 co-expression modules were found, among which brown module ( r=0.62, P<0.001) was significantly correlated with disease severity. The protein-protein interaction network of DEGs in brown module was constructed and the top 30 core genes were selected according to the connectivity of gene nodes, among which the genes with high correlation were RBX1 and PSMA7. The expression of RBX1 and PSMA7 genes was up-regulated in the severe group, but their expression in the mild and moderate groups was not significantly different from that in the control group. Conclusions:RBX1 and PSMA7 genes might be biological predictors of disease severity in RSV bronchiolitis.

目的 探讨姜黄素衍生物通过Notch1/发状分裂相关增强子1(Notch1/Hes1)信号通路对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染后人肺上皮细胞BEAS-2b黏蛋白5AC(MUC5AC)分泌的影响及其作用机制.方法 建立体外RSV感染细胞模型,随机分成6组:姜黄素衍生物B6组、γ分泌酶抑制剂(DAPT)+B6组、DAPT组、地塞米松(DXM)组、RSV组和细胞对照组.B6组在RSV感染造模0.5 h前予10滋mol/L B6预处理,DAPT+B6组在B6预处理前先以20滋mol/L DAPT预处理1 h.造模开始前1 h,DXM组加入0.01 mg/ml DXM.B6组、DAPT+B6组、DAPT组、DXM组及RSV组以100倍半数感染量(TCID50)浓度的RSV感染吸附2 h后加维持液培养12、24 h收获细胞及上清液进行检测.应用RT-PCR、Western blot法分别检测各组细胞Notch1、Hes1、MUC5AC mRNA与蛋白质的表达;ELISA法检测上清液中IL-25蛋白水平.结果 与细胞对照组相比,B6组、DAPT+B6组、DAPT组、RSV组Notch1、Hes1、MUC5AC mRNA和蛋白表达水平及IL-25蛋白水平在12、24 h两个时间点均显著升高(均P<0.05),其中MUC5AC表达水平在24 h升高更显著.与RSV组相比,两个时间点其他组上述指标表达水平均有所降低(均P<0.05),以DXM组表达水平最低;而B6组、DAPT+B6组、DAPT组同一时间点上述指标表达水平相近.结论 RSV感染人肺上皮细胞后,通过Notch1/Hes1信号通路促进IL-25的释放,并上调MUC5AC表达,导致气道黏液高分泌,而姜黄素衍生物对此具有抑制效应.

目的 评估中国儿童主要照护者的健康素养水平及其与儿童用药错误之间的潜在相关性,以便采取有效措施,促进儿童用药安全.方法 对2018年6月1日—8月31日在全国104家医院儿科门诊就诊儿童的主要照护者进行电子问卷调查,内容包括家庭药柜儿童药品储备情况以及照护者给儿童用药的认知和行为.使用Logistic回归分析方法分析照护者健康素养的相关影响因素.结果 49982份有效调查问卷被纳入最终分析.我国家庭药柜储备排名前三名的儿童用药分别为感冒药(85.09％)、解热镇痛药(口服)(46.41％)和镇咳祛痰药(29.39％).给儿童服药的人员绝大部分为父母(84.34％).照护者有较强的阅读药品说明书(97.00％)和用药前咨询专业人士(92.60％)的意识.不正确的用药认知和行为仍然常见,50.89％的照护者曾给儿童服用过成人药物,16.06％的家庭发生过儿童药物中毒.22～40岁的照护者的健康素养显著高于22岁以下的照护者.祖父母的用药健康素养显著低于父母.教育水平较高的照护者给儿童使用成人药和导致儿童发生药物中毒的风险显著降低.结论 教育水平较高的照护者有较高的健康素养,提高照护者的受教育程度有利于儿童用药安全.祖父母和22岁以下父母的用药健康素养相对较低.

空气污染是导致全球疾病负担的十大主要原因之一,并以独特方式影响着最脆弱的群体——儿童[1].大气颗粒物(particulate matter,PM)是主要的空气污染物之一,对人体各系统均有一定的损害,对呼吸系统的影响尤为明显.PM根据空气动力学直径可分为粗颗粒物(PM10-2.5,2.5 μm＜直径≤10.0 μm),细颗粒物(PM2.5,直径≤2.5μm)和超细颗粒物(PM0.1或UFPs,直径≤0.1 μm).

Background Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare, severe chronic lung disease without optimal treatment. Currently, treatment in children mainly relies on systemic corticosteroids, but long-term use of these drugs may lead to adverse reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of the budesonide, azithromycin, montelukast, and acetylcysteine (BAMA) regimen in paediatric PIBO patients and whether it can reduce systemic corticosteroid use. Methods This was a prospective study. From June 2017 to July 2020, patients diagnosed with PIBO at Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were treated with the BAMA regimen for 3 months. Methylprednisolone was added only when the clinical manifestations did not improve or deteriorated. All patients were followed up every 2 to 4 weeks, and changes in clinical symptoms were recorded. Pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were performed, and systemic corticosteroid use was recorded after the 3-month follow-up. Results A total of 75 patients with PIBO were included; overall, 54 patients completed the course of treatment. After treatment, the respiratory manifestations were improved in 37 patients (68.5%), but 4 patients (7.4%) showed decreased exercise tolerance, and 2 patients (3.7%) were readmitted to the hospital. Additionally, 17 (56.7%) of the 30 patients whose pulmonary function was re-examined showed improvement, and 28 (77.8%) of the 36 patients who underwent HRCT showed marked improvement. Importantly, 20 patients (54.1%) received systemic corticosteroids for 2 weeks or less, while 31.5% of patients used no corticosteroids. Conclusions The BAMA regimen effectively relieved clinical symptoms and signs of PIBO in children, improved pulmonary function and HRCT manifestations, and reduced the use of systemic corticosteroids.

目的 探讨PCR-毛细电泳片段分析法(PCR-CEFA)检测毛细支气管炎病原的临床应用价值.方法 选取2018年1至12月温州医科大学附属第二医院、育英儿童医院儿科收治的因毛细支气管炎住院的≤24个月且喘息次数≤2次的患儿932例,采集患儿鼻咽分泌物,采用PCR-CEFA检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、鼻病毒(RV)、流感病毒(Flu)、副流感病毒(HPIV)、腺病毒(ADV)等8种病毒核酸;直接免疫荧光法(DFA)检测RSV、HPIV、Flu、ADV抗原;并收集患儿性别、年龄、既往喘息史、湿疹史、哮喘家族史、家族过敏性疾病史、总IgE、血嗜酸性粒细胞计数(B-Eos)等资料.比较两种方法、不同年龄组患儿病毒检出率及RSV组与RV组患儿流行病学资料及实验室检查结果.结果 PCR-CEFA病毒检出率为88.2％,高于DFA的33.6％,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).PCR-CEFA对RSV、HPIV、Flu、ADV的检出率均高于DFA,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01).以DFA为参照,PCR-CEFA检测RSV、HPIV、Flu、ADV的特异度均达80％以上.≤12月龄患儿RSV检出率高于>12～24月龄患儿,RV、ADV、HBoV检出率均低于>12～24月龄患儿,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).RV组患儿年龄、B-Eos升高比例均明显高于RSV组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01).结论 与DFA比较,PCR-CEFA病毒检出率更高,病毒检测种类更多,具有良好的特异度,有利于早期明确毛细支气管炎病原.

目的 了解儿童主要照护者儿童用药的需求,以促进儿童用药安全.方法 采用目的抽样法,在全国104家医院,对2018年6月1日至8月31日前来儿科就诊的儿童照护者就儿童用药需求开展电子问卷调查,数据分析采用SPSS 25软件,问卷信度和效度分别采用Cronbach'sα系数和KMO值作为评价指标.结果 49982份有效调查问卷显示,儿童照护者获取儿童药品信息途径主要有医师(59.11％)、药师(55.09％)和药店店员(42.87％),按照医师处方购买儿童药品占比最高(70.82％),对儿童药品的关注要素主要集中在安全性(77.57％)、有效性(56.52％)、品牌(52.25％)和是否纳入国家医保报销范围(79.91％).果味颗粒剂(54.43％)和液体剂型(51.11％)是最容易被儿童接受的剂型.家庭药箱药品配备及管理(68.63％)、儿童常备药品正确使用(64.91％)和儿童意外急救知识培训(43.19％)是照护者需要培训的儿童安全用药知识.安全用药常识、抗菌药物、发热、感冒方面的需求程度最高.结论 安全性、有效性、剂型及是否纳入国家医保报销范围是儿童用药选择的重要考虑因素.照护者对儿童用药知识有很高需求,医疗机构应加强儿童用药知识的教育和普及,以促进儿童用药安全.

The global burden of disease attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains high,especially in children younger than 2 years old.At present,there are still no safe and effective vaccines and specific antiviral drugs available.Understanding the mechanism of virus infection in host cells can provide targets for the development of new anti-RSV drugs.In recent years,targeting fusion protein to prevent virus entry and targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to inhibit virus replication have been hot spots in the research of RSV inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies.In addition,more and more attention has been paid to the development of anti-RSV drugs targeting host factors.This article explains the pathogenesis of RSV.Moreover,the drug targets and its representative drugs are listed.