Objective To observe the expression and the distribution of Netrin-1 in the spastic and normal segment of colon in patients with Hirschsprungs disease (HD) and investigate the relationship between Netrin-1 and development of HD.Methods Colon specimens of 36 cases with HD were selected for this study.Normal segment of colon served as the control group,while the spastic segments of colon as the lesion group.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detecte the expression and the distribution of Netrin-1.Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of netrin-1 was positive in the intestinal muscular layers (longitudinal muscle,circular muscles),myenteric ganglias and mucosal layers in the control group.However,the expression of Netrin-1 was also positive in muscular layers and mucosal layer in the lesion group.There was no significant difference in the expression intensity of Netrin-1 between the two groups (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The expression of Netrin-1 in both the control group and the lesion group may indicate that netrin-1 have no significant correlation with genesis of HD.

目的探讨需要手术治疗的小儿肠套叠的诊断与治疗方法。方法对本院自2001年10月至2014年7月经手术治疗的53例肠套叠患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果48例患儿术前行Χ线空气灌肠复位术，4例因就诊时间超过72 h，而直接予手术治疗，1例巨结肠根治术后出现肠梗阻，经剖腹探查证实为回回型肠套叠。53例患儿中，原发性肠套叠46例，继发性肠套叠7例；继发于过敏性紫癜2例，美克尔憩室2例，肠息肉1例，淋巴瘤1例，异位胰腺1例。手法复位37例，行肠切除肠吻合术13例，肠穿孔肠修补术3例。结论手术是治疗小儿肠套叠的必要手段。当出现肠穿孔、腹膜炎及空气灌肠失败时应积极进行手术治疗。继发性肠套叠临床表现复杂多变，术前确诊困难，反复复发的肠套叠患儿疑有继发性肠套叠时应及时行剖腹探查术。

Objective To investigate the changes of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) and expressions of folkhead helix transcription factor 3 (FoxP3) in intestinal mucosa in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Methods Twenty-one HIV infected patients and 17 control subjects without HIV infection were included in this study. The expression of FoxP3, which was considered as a specific marker of CD4+ CD25 + Treg, was detected in intestinal mucosa specimens from HIV infected patients by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the in situ expression of CD4+ T lymphocyte was also determined by immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed by t test. Results The positive labeling index of CD4+ T lymphocyte in intestinal mucosa was significantly lower in HIV infected patients compared to the controls (11. 56%±4. 44% vs 43. 49% ±8. 90% ,t=-11. 86,P<0. 01). The positive labeling index of FoxP3 in intestinal mucosa was also significantly lower in HIV infected patients compared to the controls (0.46% ± 0.20% vs 1. 18% ± 0. 44% ,t= - 5. 98,P<0.01). Conclusion The depletion of CD4+ CD25+ Treg is accompanied with the depletion of CD4 + T lymphocyte and the reduction of FoxP3 expression in intestinal mucosa of HIV infected patients.

Schilder病主要见于儿童及青少年,以视力障碍、进行性精神失常、痉挛性瘫痪、惊厥发作等为主要表现,是一种大脑半球白质广泛脱髓鞘疾病[1].

选用适当的抗生素及其给药剂量、途径及每日用药次数,对于有效地治疗感染起着决定性的作用.因此,必须了解抗生素的特性,即其药效学及药代动力学,从而以最低剂量、最简便途径来达到最佳疗效.

目的调查我国北方4市城区2～7岁儿童末梢全血锌原卟啉(ZPP)水平和铁缺乏症患病率.方法流行病学调查采用是整群随机抽样方法.血红蛋白(Hb)用氰化高铁法,末梢全血ZPP用荧光法,血清铁蛋白(SF)用微粒子酶免法.结果北方4市城区(北京、沈阳、丹东和邢台)5333例2～7岁儿童末梢全血ZPP含量中位数分别为2.4,2.2,2.6和2.8μg/(g@Hb),其95%上限值分别为3.7,3.9,4.2,4.4μg/(g@Hb).随机抽取ZPP为3.4～4.4μg/(g@Hb)的138份静脉血清标本,其SF值为(43.61±17.42)μg/L.4市城区总贫血、缺铁性贫血(IDA)和红细胞生成缺铁(IDE)患病率分别为3.92、1.88和7.63%.结论建议采用4市的ZPP 95%上限值,即北京＜3.7、沈阳＜3.9、丹东＜4.2和邢台＜4.4μg/(g@Hb)作为这些城市铁缺乏症的诊断标准.