对宇宙中的引力波进行探测,可以帮助人类发现天体源深处和高密度部分所发生物理过程的完整信息,并绘制全新的"天体分布太空图";激光干涉仪引力波探测器的发展提升了全球范围内的引力波探测研究热度.美国、德国、英国、法国、意大利、日本、澳大利亚、印度和中国等国家纷纷设立了引力波探测计划和项目,并开展了大量的研究工作.本文基于文献计量学的视角,分析引力波探测领域研究的发展历程、主要研究国家、重点机构、基金资助机构和研究热点.通过分析可以看到,引力波探测领域年度发文呈现逐年上升趋势,美国、德国、英国和意大利是主要发文国家,发文数量排在前4位.美国在该领域的发文数量最多,占全球发文总量的41.7％.美国在该领域的研发机构也最多,TOP50机构中有48％的机构来自美国.该领域的科研合作非常密切,整体呈现5大区域性合作网络,分别为美国合作网络、中国与澳大利亚合作网络、日本合作网络、德国与英国合作网络.目前该领域的研究热点主要集中在引力波源研究、引力波探测数据研究、引力波探测装置研究、引力波产生机理研究和引力波观测对象研究等方面.

超低轨道由于其轨道较低，在该轨道运行的航天器在对地观测、科学研究方面具有其独特优势，但对该轨道的大气密度变化特性认知不足。在阐述国内外超低轨道大气密度原位探测发展历史及现状的基础上，总结了现有超低轨道大气密度原位探测技术，对我国超低轨大气密度原位结果进行了初步分析和讨论，分析结果表明：在2020年10月空间环境平静期250 km和350 km高度大气密度相差一个量级；升降轨期间超低轨道大气密度每公里分别下降0.025×10 -12 kg/m 3 、0.04×10 -12 kg/m 3 ，均小于模式值的0.5倍；北纬40°时，处于午夜的升轨段（～250 km）大气密度是处于正午的降轨段（～420 km）大气密度的11.2倍，高度的影响大于地方时的影响；不同纬度下，实测日均值和模式日均值的比值从高纬的0.49降为低纬的0.39，模式值偏大。在超低轨道上，实测值总体上比模式值小，可为大气物理研究和应用研究提供基础数据。

经过多年发展,大数据从一个新兴的技术方向,正在成为融入实体经济发展的要素、资源和动力.美国、中国、英国、德国、澳大利亚等国家纷纷出台相关政策,推动大数据产业发展.文章基于文献计量学的视角,分析了大数据研究领域的发展历程、主要研究国家、重点机构、资助基金和研究热点.通过分析可以看到,2012—2019年期间,全球大数据研究领域年度发文整体呈现上升趋势.美国和中国在该领域发文数量最多,中国近几年的发文量逐步超过美国,位居全球第一.美国在大数据研究领域的发文机构数量最多,中国科学院在该领域发表论文数量最多.全球机构在该领域的科研合作非常密切,整体呈现4大区域性合作网络,分别为美国机构合作网络、中国机构合作网络、英国机构合作网络、澳大利亚机构合作网络.大数据领域研究热点研究方向最主要聚焦在6个方面,分别是:大数据在生命健康领域应用研究、大数据管理研究、大数据应用相关技术研究、大数据关键技术研究、大数据在工业领域应用研究、大数据在开放科学和共享方面研究.

[目的/意义]随着自主创新战略的提出,科技信息和科技情报在国家科技发展中的基础性作用日益受到重视,开展区域创新和经济发展的信息服务研究与实践,构建面向区域创新和经济发展的信息服务方法体系、实施方案,是十分必要的.[方法/过程]通过对国内外文献情报机构服务区域创新和经济发展的实践调研,以及中国科学院文献情报中心在"十二五"和"十三五"期间面向省级科学院、中国科学院转化中心、地方政府、园区企业开展区域信息服务的整体设计和服务实践与案例分析,总结归纳中国科学院文献情报中心开展区域创新和经济发展知识服务的特色和成效.[结果/结论]在实践的基础上提出图书馆面向区域创新和产业发展提供信息服务,进一步拓展了图书馆的服务领域,是图书馆发展的一个生长点,并将在服务内容与服务方式上不断发展完善.

基于京津冀协同发展背景,对京津冀地区的科研投入、产出、相关科技资源分布与协同共享等情况进行调研,揭示三地科技合作现状及面临的问题.研究结果表明:京津冀三地科研投入和投入结构差距巨大,但研发领域相似且各具特色;三地科研产出差距大,但均以当地特色产业为依托;三地科技合作比例偏低,但专利转让相对活跃.目前京津冀科技合作和科技资源共享以"点对点"的形式为主,未来深度的合作尚需政府引导、上层推进,形成以产业链为依托的科技合作形式.

中高层大气在日地空间环境中起着承上启下的作用,同时也是热层、电离层和磁层耦合研究的重要领域,而中高层大气密度是大气环境的重要参数,是当前空间科学研究的热点,因此国内外学者开展了大量的研究工作.基于文献计量学的视角,分析了中高层大气密度研究的发展历程、主要研究国家、重点机构、资助基金和研究热点.通过分析可以看到,中高层大气密度研究领域年度发文呈现波动上升趋势,全球整体发文趋势受美国、德国、中国、法国和英国5个主要国家的影响较大.美国在该领域的研发机构数量非常多,尤其是美国科罗拉多大学和美国国家航空航天局科研实力雄厚,且相互之间科研合作非常密切.中国进入该领域较晚,但发展迅速,研究队伍、研究成果和基金数量进步明显,已经开展了神舟飞船、APOD(Atmospheric density and Precise Orbit Determination)卫星、天宫实验室、气象卫星等重大项目的大气密度探测,获取了大量高精度实测数据.目前该领域的研究热点主要集中在中高层大气密度多手段探测、高精度大气模型建立及大气密度预报等方面.

科研管理信息化是国家信息化建设的重要支撑.科研水平和自主创新能力的不断提升,使得科研管理和信息化建设相融合成为必然的过程.以河北省科学院科研管理信息化建设为例,设计实现了协同创新研究平台.系统的应用极大提高科研管理的效率和质量.

The Hetao region of China is a traditional agricultural and livestock farming region.The forage yield is low, of a single variety, poor quality, and cannot fully meet the animal husbandry development requirements of the region.To improve and accelerate the industrialisation and the scale development of the forage industry, we studied the adaptability, productivity, and nutrition of 23 new internal and external alfalfa (Medicago sativa) varieties in the Hetao area.We made the following conclusions: 1) There were significant differences in the winter survival rate of the different varieties of alfalfa;the winter survival rate of Gongnong No.1 and Millionaire were higher, whereas Liangmu No.1 was the lowest (55%);2) Cuts of different height showed the first crop stubble tended to be higher than the second and third stubble;the first crop of the hay yield variation was higher than the second and third crop stubble;3) The forage yield increased with an increase in height, whereas the stem/leaf ratio and protein showed a negative correlation;4) The comprehensive evaluation of the indicators showed that Millionaire, WL353LH, and Sitel were better than the others.Therefore, preliminary results indicate their suitability for planting in the Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District.

用户进行位置移动时,电脑可以立即进行复杂的运算,将精确的三维世界视频传回产生临场感.该技术集成了计算机图形、计算机仿真、人工智能、感应、显示及网络并行处理等技术的最新发展成果,是一种由计算机技术辅助生成的高技术模拟系统.

与其他基于身份证、虹膜、掌纹、指纹等技术手段相比,由于受到光照、表情、遮挡、朝向等干扰因素的影响,人脸识别技术的准确率相对较低,但其采集方式最为友好:无须当事人配合,甚至在其意识不到的情况下,就完成了对人脸信息的采集与识别.因此,人脸识别技术在过去的40多年中一直是人工智能领域的热点研究课题,至今已逐渐走向成熟,已经应用于反恐、安防、门禁等领域,近年来开始向教育、金融等领域推广.

一、引言 可穿戴设备(又称智能穿戴设备、穿戴式智能设备等),泛指内嵌在服装中,或以饰品、随身佩带物品形态存在的电子通信类设备.可穿戴技术是20世纪60年代美国麻省理工学院媒体实验室提出的创新技术,利用该技术可以把多媒体、传感器和无线通信等技术嵌入人们的衣着中,可支持手势和眼动操作等多种交互方式.通过"内在连通性"实现快速的数据获取、通过超快的分享内容能力高效地保持社交联系,摆脱传统的手持设备而获得无缝的网络访问体验[1].

The application of CRM, customer relationship management, in sci-tech novelty search service management is discussed. The paper discusses the relation between sci-tech novelty search and customer relationship management. By summarizing the innovation mode of the current sci-tech novelty search service, this paper discusses the characteristics and advantages of the new service based on customer relationship management. hTe goal of the implementation of customer relationship management in sci-tech novelty search service is to change the situation of passive service, and mine the value of users to provide value-added services, and then to promote the value of sci-tech novelty search service. hTe CRM service including four aspects: the customer analysis, customer satisfaction and loyalty management, customer relationship maintenance and development, as well as the value of customer discovery. Taking the sci-tech novelty search service of National Science of Library, CAS as a case, the service practice and effect are discussed.

以美国11个秋眠级标准苜蓿品种为对照,按照Teuber的方法在内蒙古土左旗和五原县评定国内和国外引进的45个苜蓿品种的秋眠级,测定其越冬率和返青后第一茬的株高、分枝数和单株鲜重,并对秋眠性与越冬率和株高、分枝数、单株鲜重等农艺性状做相关分析,以期为苜蓿品种的适应性推广提供理论依据.结果表明,土左和五原两个试验点苜蓿秋季刈割后第21d的自然再生高度与原秋眠级存在真实的线性回归关系,R2为0.993和0.995;两个试验点11个标准对照品种的实际秋眠级与原秋眠级之间相关系数为0.993和0.995,存在极显著正相关.22个国内苜蓿品种多数为极秋眠型和秋眠型,中兰1号为半秋眠型,区试品种凉苜1号和国审品种甘农5号为非秋眠型;23个国外引进品种秋眠级梯度层次广,秋眠类型多样.相关分析表明,秋眠性与抗寒性具有高度表型相关,土左试验点极秋眠型和秋眠型苜蓿的秋眠性和农艺性状均不相关,而半秋眠型苜蓿的秋眠性和单株分枝数和单株鲜重显著相关(P＜0.05);五原试验点不同苜蓿的秋眠性与株高极显著相关(P＜0.01),不同秋眠类型的秋眠性与各农艺性状不相关.

As a global forage legume, lucerne ( alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) is valuable for studying the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms of plant adaptation to freezing, owing to the characteristic of contrasting winter hardiness induced by autumn dormancy. Autumn-dormant lucerne plants often exhibit greater cold tolerance than non-dormant plants under natural field conditions. The study examined the autumn shoot growth of four diverse lucerne cultivars, and the influence of two sampling dates in late autumn, three sampling positions and four autumn-dormancy categories on cas18, vsp and corF gene transcripts during the first year of lucerne establishment. Results showed that in field-grown lucerne, non-dormant and highly non-dormant cultivars had greater shoot growth than a dormant cultivar in autumn. The level of transcripts of cas18 ( which encodes a dehydrin-like protein) was highest in dormant cultivars and lowest in semi-dormant cultivars in both November and December; in particular, the cas18 transcripts in the crown remained highest in both November and December. The level of transcripts of vsp ( which encodes vegetative storage protein) in all dormant cultivar tissues was highest in both November and December. In semi-dormant cultivars, the expression of vsp in the taproot increased compared with the lateral root and crown in November. The corF transcript in the dormant cultivar was markedly higher than in the semi-dormant cultivar and almost zero in the non-dormant and highly non-dormant cultivars. These results indicate that the significant impact of autumn dormancy and plant position on gene expression of cas18, vsp and corF occurring during autumn hardening, and continuing low temperatures, are likely to have significant consequences on lucerne productivity and its long-term persistence.

Following the methods of Teuber and using 11 different American fall dormancy standard alfalfa cultivars as contrasts,we assessed the fall dormancy class of 45 alfalfa cultivars from the drought area of western Inner Mongolia in 2013 and 2014.We conducted a regression analysis of the relationship between fall dormancy class and natural plant height after final clipping and compared results with the 11 American cultivars.Results showed that natural plant height at 21 days after autumn clipping and fall dormancy class had a linear relationship with R 2 of 0.9643 and 0.9867 respectively.Analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between actual fall dormancy class and the 11 comparator varieties is 0.994.The correlation coefficient for 13 known fall dormancy introduced varieties is 0.969.Cluster analysis showed that 90% of 21 domestic alfalfa cultivars are either dormant or highly dormant types.The actual fall dormancy classes of Yumu No.1, Gannong No.5 and Liangmu No.1 were 6.8,7.4 and 8.5,indicating that they belong to the non-dormant type.

技术趋势 从车联网产业链划分看,主要包括终端软、硬件提供商、电信运营商、整车厂商、互联网厂商、第三方IT提供商、行业应用提供商、大众及行业客户,上游以终端为主,主要是软、硬件提供商,负责车辆数据的收集及交互;中游以运营商为主,主要是提供数据的传送,是连接车与应用平台的通道;下游主要是应用与服务,是平台为用户提供主要内容.其实,在汽车销售后,车联网延伸产业链还包括提供交通信息的公路IT、二手车、租车、金融支付和保险等多个项目.

增强现实(Augmented Reality简称AR)技术是对现实世界的补充,使得虚拟物体从感官上成为周围真实环境的组成部分.与传统的虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,简称VR)不同,增强现实只是实现对现实环境的补充,而不是完全替代现实环境.增强现实增强了用户对现实世界的感知能力.其主要技术包括图像输入设备、用户交互技术、计算机与存储设备、跟踪定位技术、虚拟对象数据库、虚实融合技术、系统显示技术.

Purpose: By case studies of the service for regional economic development（SRED） carried out by the National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences（NSLC）, this article tries to describe basic directions of special libraries in the SRED.Design/methodology/approach: By comparing the aims and service forms of the SRED provided by domestic and foreign libraries and information service institutions, the authors examined the basic services provided by special libraries. Through a summary of the SRED exploration carried out by the NSLC, the authors introduce its main content, service methods, products, and service mechanisms. By analyzing the information needs of SRED users and summarizing users’ practical experiences of services, the authors propose a design for the SRED framework of the NSLC. In addition, the authors mention key points to be noticed during the process of service implementation, illustrating them with a number of selected SRED cases. The authors suggest that the SRED network and joint service mechanism are effective ways to implement SRED services. Findings: Based on information resource and expert networks, special libraries like the NSLC can carry out SRED to meet user requirements. The NSLC has not only constructed its own SRED framework, but has also expanded the patron service to the industrial intelligence service area. By setting up a nationwide S＆T（science and technology） novelty search network and a literature and information service alliance, the NSLC provides a variety of information training services. This enriches the content of the knowledge service of special libraries and enlarges the library service of the NSLC.Research limitations: The SRED of Chinese libraries is still in the exploratory stage. Questions as how to scientifically design service content and service modes, and how to establish a sustainable regional service system based on user needs are still being researchedand discussed. Furthermore, we need to pay more attention to the construction of the service network and respond more quickly to feedback while creating the SRED.Practical implications: The SRED experience of the NSLC has shown that special libraries can implement a knowledge service for economic development, and the SRED is an important direction of knowledge services for special libraries.Originality/value: Through describing a practical SRED, this paper provides a valuable reference for libraries in the transformation process from library service to knowledge service. The experimental SRED of the NSLC has verified the rationality of our service framework in support of regional economic development.

背景介绍 1.智能家居概念 智能家居概念的起源于20世纪80年代初,随着大量采用电子技术的家用电器面市,住宅电子化开始实现.80年代中期,将家用电器、通信设备与安全防范设备各自独立的功能综合为一体,又形成了住宅自动化概念.至80年代末,由于通信与信息技术的发展,出现了通过总线技术对住宅中各种通信、家电、安防设备进行监控与管理的商用系统,这在美国被称为Smart Home.

技术趋势 智能穿戴技术是20世纪60年代,美国麻省理工学院媒体实验室提出的创新技术,利用该技术可以把多媒体、传感器和无线通信等技术嵌入人们的衣着中,可支持手势和眼动操作等多种交互方式,通过"内在连通性"实现快速的数据获取、通过超快的分享内容能力高效地保持社交联系,摆脱传统的手持设备而获得无缝的网络访问体验.