Tibetan pigs,Landrace were selected to analyze the polymorphism of erythropoietin gene(EPO) by the direct sequencing method and PCR-RFLP molecular markers.The result showed that compared with Landrace,there were 16 conversions and a 15 bp deletion in EPO gene sequence of Tibetan pig.

The structure of pulmonary tissue and pulmonary artery of 10 Tibetan pigs and 10 three-way crossbred finishing pigs(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc,Abbreviation:White pigs)at six months age was observed and measured by light microscope and computer image analysis system to find the relationship between pulmonary tissue structure of Tibetan pigs and its adaptation to plateau hypoxia.The results showed no significant difference in the mean alveolar number per unit area(MAN) between Tibetan pigs and White pigs(P0.05);but the mean alveolar septum thickness(MAST) of Tibetan pigs were obviously thicker than that of White pigs(P0.05),and rich of capillaries.The pulmonary arteries in Tibetan pigs were mainly muscular and elastic arteries;but in White pigs were mostly partial muscular artery and the elastic artery only account for 23.1%.The pulmonary artery diameter of Tibetan pigs was small;but the artery wall thick;and the percentage of medial muscle thickness of pulmonary artery(MT) of Tibetan pigs was higher than that of White pigs.It was indicated that the smooth muscles in pulmonary artery of the Tibetan pigs were abundant,which provided the structural mechanism for its adaption to plateau hypoxia for Tibetan pigs and introduced foreign pigs,and the theoretical basis for resolving the problems of introduced animals from plains area.

Tibet pig was a special Chinese indigenous pig breed.In order to research its blood physiological characteristics at high altitude,the blood was drawn and measured with auto blood analyzer for six-month Tibet pig and Landrace at high altitude area and effects of breed and sex were analyzed.The results indicated that Tibet pig had higher WBC,LY#,Mid#,Mid#,PLT,PEW and PCT,and lower RBC,HGB,HCT and MCH compared with Landrace.For blood physiological characteristic,Tibet pig had adaptability to high altitude hypoxia and anti-disease ability.The value of blood physiology in Tibet pig was similar to that in human,so it was a good experimental animal.

<正>研究对导致西藏高原的藏仔猪和长白仔猪腹泻的病原进行分离和鉴定,现报道如下。1材料病料,从西藏农牧学院猪场和尼洋河养殖场采用灭菌棉拭子分别采集1~30日龄腹泻藏仔猪和腹泻长白仔猪的粪便17份,放入营养肉汤中;普通营养琼脂、麦康凯琼脂、伊红美蓝琼脂、蛋白胨水、葡萄糖蛋

A sensitive and reliable method was developed and validated for the analysis of ractopamine in swine tissues. The sample preparation procedure was based on hydrolysis overnight, extraction with ethyl acetate, and solid-phase extraction cleanup. The target compound was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The average recoveries ranged between 93.3% and 106.5%, with relative standard deviations of 7.2–12.8%. The detection and quantification limits were 0.2 and 0.5μg/kg, respectively. The depletion profile of ractopamine was studied in healthy pigs after oral administration of feed containing 20mg/kg ractopamine for 30 consecutive days. Ractopamine residues were still detected 11days post-medication in all tissues examined with the exception of muscle. The highest ractopamine level was found in lung tissue. The developed method has been successfully applied to the depletion study of ractopamine in swine tissues.

A liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of nosiheptide in swine kidney and liver. The tissue samples were extracted with acetonitrile and defatted with hexane. The analytes were determined at a fluorescence excitation/emission wavelength of 357/515 nm and with gradient elution program. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 5 and 20 ng g−1, respectively, for swine kidney and liver. The mean recoveries for nosiheptide in swine kidney and liver ranged from 70.3 to 97.4% with coefficients of variation below 11.3% at 20–100 ng g−1 fortification levels.

为了解林芝地区猪旋毛虫感染情况,从2009年8月至2010年1月间,我们在林芝地区采集261份血清样(105份有对应的膈肌肉样)进行检测。调查结果显示,所采集的样本血清学阳性率为0.76%。同时,对血清ELISA检测阳性猪的膈肌脚肉样,进行旋毛虫压片镜检和消化法检测,结果均未发现旋毛虫体。

【Objective】 The aim of this research is to find the relationship to eprinomectin (EPR) residue amount in bovine blood,urine,feces,hair and tissues including muscle,liver,kidney and fat and develop prediction models. 【Method】 Twenty-four parasite-free cross cattle were administered subcutaneously with 1% EPR injectable oil formulation at a dose of 0.5 mg·kg-1 body weight. Three treated animals (two males and one female) were selected randomly and killed at 1,3,7,14,21,28,42 and 56 days after injection. The samples mentioned above were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 The relative coefficients of prediction model regress equations fitted using SPSS 13.0 software with EPR residue concentration in blood in elimination phrase as independent variable were more than 0.9. The F test was used to analyze goodness of fit for equations with P values lower than 0.001. The relative coefficients of prediction model regress equations with EPR residue concentration in feces in elimination phrase as independent variable were more than 0.8. The F test used to analyze goodness of fit for equations with P values was lower than 0.001. 【Conclusion】 These results demonstrated that the prediction models had statistical significance and furthermore revealed that there is a strong correlation between amounts of EPR residue in blood or feces and edible tissues.

那西肽(nosiheptide)又名诺西肽、诺肽菌素和诺肽霉素,是含硫多肽类抗生素家族中的一个新成员[1],1961年由法国洛普克公司首次发现.它不但可增强机体免疫力,对细菌等病原微生物有抑制、杀灭作用,而且可明显促进猪、鸡、鸭、鱼、虾等动物的生长,提高饲料报酬[2-6].具有用量小、不易产生耐药性、无残留、对环境污染少等特点,是一种理想的新型非吸收性动物饲料添加剂.

奶牛乳房炎由多种病原微生物引起,金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和大肠杆菌5种是最常见的病原[1].青霉素类抗生素是治疗乳房炎的常用药物,但由于不合理使用,金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌等奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌对该类抗生素有较强的耐药性.

In this study,a high performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detector(HPLC-FLD) was developed for determination of eprinomectin residue in bovine muscle,liver,kidney,and fat tissues.The tissue samples were extracted with acetonitrile,and cleaned up using basic SPE cartridge.Fortified at levels of 2-100 ng·g-1,mean recoveries were 70.5%-91.2%,with coefficient of variation of 2.3%-11.5%.The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 1 and 2 ng·g-1,respectively.Eighteen parasite-free cross cattle were treated with 1% eprinomectin injectable oil formulation at a dose rate of 0.2 mg·kg-1body weight.Six batches of three treated animals(two males and one female) each were selected randomly at 1,3,7,14,21,and 28 days withdrawal after injection and the tissue(muscle,liver,kidney,and fat) samples were collected and analyzed by the above HPLC-FLD method.The results indicated that the residue concentration in muscle(2.1-9.3 ng·g-1) was below the limit(10 ng·g-1) approved by USA and the concentration in liver(29.8-625.1 ng·g-1) was below the limits(4 800,1 500 and 2 000 ng·g-1) recommended by USA,EU,and CAC,respectively.The levels of eprinomectin residues in kidney and fat(4.1-112.5 ng·g-1 and 2.1-96.4 ng·g-1) were less than the limits(300 and 250 ng·g-1) regulated by EU and CAC.The withdrawal periods for all bovine tissues were zero days after the residue concentration-time data were analyzed using a statistical method recommended by Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products(CVMP) of The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products.

爱普菌素(eprinomectin,EPR)是一种新开发出来的阿维菌素类药物,主要用于防治畜类(特别是产乳期)的线虫、虱、螨、蝇等各种体内外寄生虫,具有高效、广谱、低残留等特点.该药目前主要以浇泼剂形式在国内外应用.

In vitro antibacterial activities of cefquinome against five pathogenic bacteria were investigated,and compared with those of other three antimicrobial agents including ceftiofur,ampicillin and ciprofloxacin.The results showed that cefquinome was a potent and broad spectrum antibacterial agent.Cefquinome showed the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus,with the minimun inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 1～2 μg/mL.The activity of cefquinome against E.coli,with the MIC of≤0.031～0.25 μg/mL,was similar to that of ciprofloxacin,but more potent than those of ceftiofur and ampicillin.The activity of cefquinome against Streptococcus,with the MIC of≤0.031～1 μg/mL,was almost the same as those of ceftiofur and ampicillin,and more active than that of ciprofloxacin.Cefquinome had an excellent activity against Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,with the MIC of≤0.031～0.5 μg/mL and ≤0.031 μg/mL,respectively,and was comparable to those of ceftiofur and ciprofloxacin,but more potent than that of ampicillin.

牛皮下单次注射爱普菌素注射剂,剂量为0.5 mg/kg,给药后在不同时间点采取肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和脂肪等组织样品检测爱普菌素残留,采用3P97软件对组织残留-停药时间数据进行分析。结果表明,注射部位、肝脏中爱普菌素残留浓度变化符合二室开放模型,肌肉、肾脏、脂肪中EPR残留浓度变化符合一室开放模型。爱普菌素经皮下注射后Tmax均小于1 d(0.17~0.76 d),Cmax范围在37.32~1453.79 ng/g之间。MRT范围在7.54~14.79 d之间,与T1/2el范围2.91~19.50 d相一致,说明药物在动物体内消除缓慢。

Trimethoprim(TMP) was extracted from animal feeds by solution mixture of sodium acetate and dichloromethane,after being centrifuged,the low layer of extractant was separated and then evaporated to dryness by nitrogen flow,which was dissolved with 1% acetic acid,then defatted by liquid-liquid extraction(LLE) with hexane twice,finally determined by HPLC/UV at 270 nm.The mean recoveries of TMP ranged from 80%-87%,with RSD 3.0%-8.5%(n=4),the limit of detection(LOD) 1.2 μg/g for compound feed,2.0 μg/g for concentrated feed,and 0.9 μg/g for premix feed,and the limit of quantitation(LOQ) 2.3,4.3 and 2.3 μg/g,respectively.

金黄色葡萄球菌是引起奶牛乳房炎的重要病原菌之一,其不仅给奶业生产造成严重损失,而且携带毒素基因的金黄色葡萄球菌在适当环境温度、pH、介质下可产生毒素,影响乳产品质量安全,危害人体健康.金黄色葡萄球菌常产生的、临床意义较大的毒素为肠毒素(SEs)、剥脱毒素(ETs)和中毒休克毒素-1(TSST-1)三类.

<正>盐酸多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)属于儿茶酚胺类的β-兴奋剂类药物,具有β-受体(主要是β1受体)激动作用和一定的α-受体激动作用,以及促进去甲肾上腺素释放的作用。它多用作人类疾病的治疗,兽药临床上也有使用(罗明生等,2001)。将盐酸多巴胺添加到饲料中能促进家畜生长,提高饲料转化率。但是,盐酸

Eprinomectin is a novel and potent antiparasitic animal health drug. An analytical procedure for the determination of EPR in bovine urine and feces has been developed. The urine sample was centrifuged and alkalized with ammonia following solid phase extraction. The fecal sample was extracted with acetonitrile, defatted with hexane, cleaned-up using C18 cartridge. All samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after derivatization with N-methylimidazole. The limits of detection are 0.5 ng mL−1 and 0.5 ng g−1, respectively. Fortified at 2, 10, 50, and 100 ng mL−1(ng g−1), inter-assay recoveries of EPR in cattle urine and feces were in the range of 87.9–91.5% and 78.6–86.3%, with coefficients of variation of 5.4–10.2% and 1.4–7.2%, respectively. Intra-assay mean recoveries of the analytes were 82.2–86.5% and 79.6–87.3%, with coefficients of variation of 7.8–11.5% and 6.3–7.8%, respectively. The method was used to study the excretion of eprinomectin in bovine urine and feces after subcutaneous administration at a dose of 0.5 mg kg−1.

化学发光分析法由于不需要外来光源,避免了瑞利散射和拉曼散射等噪声的影响,大大提高了信噪比[2].再加上灵敏的光电检测技术,使该法具有背景低、灵敏度高、线性范围宽、分析速度快、仪器简单等优点.