Based on the physical mechanism that clay mineral can produce characteristic spectrum at shortwave infrared ray(SWIR),we chose the characteristic wave band of clay mineral,used the actual analysis results and test data of the mineral components,and adopted multivariate linear regression analysis to build model for inversing the soil clay mineral content of Jinchanggouliang area of Inner Mongolia.The study results demonstrated that applying soil spectral reflectance which was corresponding with the characteristic wave band to establish forecast model could carry out the inversion of hydrated clay mineral content in the soil of this area.The clay mineral content influenced the discretion of the soil spectral reflectance.

the effects of gonadotropin on the expression of NGF and TrkA in oviduct epithelial cells were investigated with fluorescence quantitative-PCR and ELISA.The results of fluorescence quantitative-PCR indicated that the expression level of NGF mRNA was significantly higher than that of the control when treated with LH(10 or 20 mg/L)(P<0.05);although the level of TrkA mRNA increased,no statistical difference was observed(P>0.05).The expression level of NGF mRNA in oviduct epithelial cells cultured with FSH at the concentration of 20 mg/L was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05),and the amount of TrkA mRNA also significantly increased when treat with FSH(10 or 20 mg/L).The results of ELISA showed that the expression level of NGF protein was higher in the LH and FSH groups than that of the control,but no statistical difference(P>0.05).The results showed that the gonadotropins could affect the expression of NGF and TrkA in oviduct epithelial cells.

Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index(TVDI) is an inversion analysis method for soil water content in vegetation coverage area based on optical and thermal infrared remote sensing channel data.The traditional TVDI model does not consider the affects of surface energy balance factors on the surface temperature(Ts) and the atmosphere and the soil background on vegetation index.Firstly,the impacts of topography and differences of cover types on Ts were eliminated using Digital Elevation Model(DEM) image.Secondly,the correlation between the measured soil moisture content and different TVDI index models such as Ts/RVI,Ts/NDVI,Ts/EVI and Ts/MSAVI was analyzed.Then,choosing the model of Ts/MSAVI,of which correlation is the highest,to invert moisture content in soil.Finally,the results indicated that the Ts/MSAVI model can estimate the soil moisture content in Dongliaohe basin effectively.

To explore the effects of long-term treatment of different dietary energy levels on ovarian expression of mRNAs for LHR and FSHR,the present study was performed in nine growth-matched littermate crossbred (Land-race×Large White X Duroc) prepubertal gilts. At approximately 30 kg of body weight and 50 day of age,gilts were housed with individual feeding stalls and placed on a normal level of feeding for 90 days (dl-90) with free ac-cess to water and food throughout the whole research. From d91 ,littermates were divided and randomly assigned to one of the following three treatment lines for 3 weeks till d112:Group H,Group M, and Group L, fed the high energy level diet (n = 3, digestible energy 14.87 MJ/kg), moderate energy level diet (n = 3, digestible energy 12.39 MJ/ kg), and low energy level diet (n = 3, digestible energy 9.98 MJ/kg), respectively. When gilts were slaughtered on d112 after 3 weeks energy treatment, both ovaries of every gilts were collected,snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and re-tained at -80℃ for use to determine and analysis the relative amount of ovarian LHR and FSHR mRNAs using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results showed that the effect of dietary energy treatment was notable: the ovarian ex-pression of mRNAs for LHR and FSHR was significantly higher (P<0.05) in gilts treated with high energy diet compared to gilts treated with moderate and low energy diets, while gilts treated with low energy diet had a signifi-cantly lower (P<0.05) ovarian LHR and FSHR expression compared with gilts treated with moderate and high en-ergy diets. These results revealed that ovarian expression of I.HR and FSHR in prepubertal gilts increased as the lev-el of dietary energy intake elevated,i, e. , high energy diet can markedly enhance ovarian expression of mRNAs for LHR and FSHR,whereas energy deficit markedly suppress the expression.

The experiments were conducted to examine influences of dietary energy on profiles of FSH,LH concentrations in peripheral plasma.Twenty-four gilts(Duroc×Landrace×Large Yorkshire) at the age of 140 days were assigned to three energy treatments for a period of 20 days: high energy group(HG),middle energy group(MG),and low energy group(LG).The results showed that concentrations of FSH and LH in peripheral plasma increased quickly in HG and reduced slowly in LG,respectively,till the day 10 compared to those in MG,but on day 20 recovered to the basement level before treatment.Concentrations of FSH as well as of LH were different significantly(P0.05) on day 5 and very significantly(P0.01) on day 10 between energy treatments,with those in HG higher than those in LG.The results demonstrated that dietary energy affects reproductive performance in prepubertal gilts through hypothalamus-pituitary-ovaries axis.

The transmission electron microscope(TEM) analysis showed that the mechanically isolated preantral follicles were with 1 to 3 layers of granulose cells tightly enclosing the oocyte and they were surrounded by a thick layer of glycoproteins,the basement membrane.There was no follicular interna theca around them.The ultrastructural characteristics of the preantral follicles isolated freshly were mostly similar to those presented in situ.The quiescent oocyte was spherical or oval,having a large eccentrically located nucleus with a conspicuous nucleolus.The organelles were uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm.The cytoplasm of oocytes also contains numerous rounded mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER,RER) besides the usual organelles.The oocyte plasma membrane presented projections that penetrated between adjacent granulosa cells and a few short microvilli lying parallel to the oocyte surface.The results indicated that this isolation procedure induced no damage to follicles.

Uterine blood flow is one of critical determinants of the proper functioning of the placenta and thus the health of the fetus.During the whole of gestation period,the nutrition of fetus is ingested by the blood circulation between maternal and fetus.To protect the health of the fetus,it is essential to understand the factors affecting uterine blood flow.

The goals of this article is to investigate impact and manchisms on reproductive capability in prepubertal gilts and primiparous sows by feeding of short-term restriction.While no changes in body weight and ration of fat to musle,ovary function was affected by feeding of short-term restriction.Glucose and insulin play an important role in reproductive unction of prepubertal gilts.Insulin is a mediator between nutrition and reproductive function of ovaries of prepubertal gilts Non-gonadotropin,ovary function was affected by feeding of short-term restriction.During feeding restriction,a distinct diunal rythym in gonadotropin secretion was observed.Effects on follicle development,weaning-to-estrus interval and ovulation rate of primiparous sows through insulin by feeding of short-term rerm restriction are obivious.Insulin is a mediator between nutrition and survival rate of embryo.Impact on survival rate of embryo of primiparous sows is different due to the differnt time of restriction.Discovering relationship between nutrition and reproductive function is to study its manchism,regulating nutrition is to promote the reproductive portential of sows in order tp promote develoment of swine industry.

There are some kinds of hormones and factors,linking energy intake and reproductive system in a manner of incretion.The development of ovarian follicle plays a primary basic role in the reproductive function of female livestock.Porcine industry is the main source providing pork consumed in our daily life.Recent researches increasingly focus on the effects of energy intake on follicle development.The changes of dietary energy level may influence some circulating metabolism hormones and factors,which may impact the development of follicle,as metabolism signals including insulin,leptin and IGF-I.It is demonstrated that these metabolism signals can act on the level of hypothalamic,pituitary and gonad.Mediated by these metabolism signals such as insulin,leptin and IGF-I,dietary energy makes an impact on reproductive function of female livestock,by influencing the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis.