Background: Despite considerable literature supporting the benefit of dietary interventions in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight/obesity, which diet works best is currently unknown. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different dietary approaches in overweight or obese adults with T2DM. Methods: We searched EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and PubMed up till July 2023 for controlled studies using different dietary approaches. Next, we updated the literature search to September 2024 but found no new relevant studies. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and body weight were used as primary outcomes. For each outcome, a pooled effect was determined for each intervention compared with other interventions. Mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used for ranking the dietary approaches. Moreover, confidence was assessed using the CINeMA (confidence in network meta-analysis) framework. Results: Overall, 31 trials that compared eight diet interventions (Mediterranean, moderate-carbohydrate, low-carbohydrate, vegetarian, low-glycaemic index/load, low-fat, high-protein and control diets) and involved 3096 people were included. In terms of glycemic control, the Mediterranean diet yielded the best ranking (SUCRA: 88.15%), followed by the moderate-carbohydrate diet (SUCRA: 83.3%) and low-carbohydrate (LC) diet (SUCRA: 55.7%). In terms of anthropometric measurements, the LC diet (SUCRA: 74.6%) ranked first, followed by the moderate-carbohydrate diet (SUCRA: 68.7%) and vegetarian diet (SUCRA: 57%). These results also showed that the differences in almost all dietary patterns regarding anthropometric measurements were mostly small and often trivial. Conclusions: In summary, the Mediterranean diet was the most efficient dietary intervention for the improvement of glycaemic control, and the LC diet obtained the highest score for anthropometric measurements in individuals with T2DM and concurrent overweight/obesity.

Hyperandrogenism-insulin resistance-acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) syndrome is a special and rare subtype of polycystic ovarian syndrome. It can lead to hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR), and acanthosis nigricans (AN) accompanied by acne, hirutism, irregular menstruation, and other androgen excess symptoms. A case of pediatric HAIR-AN syndrome with severe AN was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital. The patient's clinical manifestations, laboratory data, imaging features, and gene sequencing were analyzed, and the patient was diagnosed with pediatric HAIR-AN syndrome. Obesity, IR, hyperglycemia, menstrual disorder, and AN were significantly improved after treating with metformin and liraglutide. HAIR-AN syndrome occurs in various forms. When the patient appears unexplained acanthosis nigricans and menstrual disorders, the disease should be considered possible. Early diagnosis and symptomatic supportive treatment can improve the quality of life.

BACKGROUND:This study investigated the effects of early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) vs late-onset type 2 diabetes (LOD) on nonfatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 46 239 participants from 14 provinces in China from 2007 to 2008, selecting 4949 participants with type 2 diabetes for analysis. Participants were categorized as EOD (<40 years) or LOD (≥40 years) based on age at diabetes diagnosis. Sociodemographic and nonfatal CVD information was collected through an interviewer-assisted questionnaire and clinical examination. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the nonfatal CVD risk. RESULTS:Out of 4949 participants with type 2 diabetes, 390 (7.88%) had nonfatal CVD. Participants with EOD had a higher age-standardized prevalence of nonfatal CVD than those with LOD (11.4% vs 4.4%). Compared to LOD patients, EOD patients tended to be males and had a higher family history of diabetes, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, and lower blood pressure levels. After adjustment for age and sex, EOD patients had a higher risk of nonfatal CVD than LOD patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.5). After further adjustment for diabetes duration, use of drugs, and other risk factors, the OR of nonfatal CVD was reduced but significant (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9). Sensitivity analysis revealed that EOD patients with metabolic syndrome had an increased nonfatal CVD risk compared to LOD patients (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.5). CONCLUSIONS:EOD patients are at increased risk of nonfatal CVD. Individualized intervention and management measures for EOD patients are necessary.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one microvascular complication of diabetes. About 30% of diabetic patients can develop DN, which is closely related to the high incidence and mortality of heart diseases, and then develop end-stage renal diseases. Therefore, early detection and screening of high-risk patients with DN is important. Herein, we explored the differences of serum transcriptomics between DN and non-DN in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. We obtained 110 target genes using weighted correlation network analysis. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicates these target genes are mainly related to membrane adhesion, alpha-amino acid biosynthesis, metabolism, and binding, terminus, inhibitory synapse, clathrinid-sculpted vesicle, kinase activity, hormone binding, receptor activity, and transporter activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicates the process of DN in diabetic patients can involve synaptic vesicle cycle, cysteine and methionine metabolism, N-Glycan biosynthesis, osteoclast differentiation, and cAMP signaling pathway. Next, we detected the expression levels of hub genes in a retrospective cohort. Then, we developed a risk score tool included in the prediction model for early DN in T2DM patients. The prediction model was well applied into clinical practice, as confirmed by internal validation and several other methods. A novel DN risk model with relatively high prediction accuracy was established based on clinical characteristics and hub genes of serum detection. The estimated risk score can help clinicians develop individualized intervention programs for DN in T2DM. External validation data are required before individualized intervention measures.

Abstract Aims/Introduction To investigate the differential effects of maternal versus paternal history of diabetes on the risks for diabetes and prediabetes, as well as on insulin secretion and resistance in Chinese individuals. Materials and Methods From the 2007 to 2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolism Disorders Study, 39,244 participants were included and divided into four categories: negative parental history, paternal history only (PH), maternal history only (MH), and both paternal and maternal history. Results The age‐ and sex‐standardized prevalence rates of diabetes in the negative parental history, PH, MH, and both paternal and maternal history groups were 8.59, 12.56, 15.86 and 29.81%, respectively. The prevalence rates of impaired glucose metabolism were 24.13, 25.41, 31.13 and 50.80%, with the prevalence in the MH group being significantly higher than that in the PH group. Compared with that in the FH0 group, the risks of diabetes in the PH, MH, and both paternal and maternal history groups were 2.01‐, 2.67‐ and 6.37‐fold greater, and the risks of impaired glucose metabolism were 1.28‐, 1.65‐ and 3.45‐fold greater. In addition, MH had a significantly greater impact on impaired glucose metabolism than PH (PMHvsPH = 0.0292). Regression analyses suggested MH was associated with homeostatic model assessment for β‐cell function (β[SE] = −0.0910[0.0334], P = 0.0065), insulinogenic index (−0.1866[0.0550], P = 0.0007), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (0.0662[0.0227], P = 0.0036) and Matsuda Index [−0.0716(0.0203), P = 0.0004]. PH was specifically associated with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (0.1343[0.0267], P < 0.0001) and Matsuda Index (−0.1566[0.0243], P < 0.0001), but the effects were stronger than those of MH (PMHvsPH = 0.0431, 0.0054). Conclusions MH and PH differentially influence the risks for diabetes, insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in the Chinese population, suggesting they participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes through different mechanisms.

目的:分析以糖尿病为首发表现的17q12微缺失综合征，探讨青少年的成人起病型糖尿病5型（MODY5）与17q12微缺失综合征之间的关系以及后者常见的基因型和临床表型。方法:对2例表现为青少年发病的糖尿病，同时合并胰腺及肾脏发育异常、低镁血症的患者进行基因分析，先以二代测序法检测MODY相关基因突变，再用低深度全基因组测序（CNV-seq）检测与受检人临床表型相关的致病性拷贝数变异（CNV），并对患者的精神状况进行评估。使用术语17q12微缺失综合征、MODY5、肝细胞核因子1B（HNF1B）、低镁血症进行文献检索，分析MODY5和17q12微缺失综合征二者的关系。结果:2例患者二代测序常规分析均未能发现MODY相关基因突变。进一步CNV分析，发现2例患者均为17q12部位1.40 Mb大片段缺失导致的17q12微缺失综合征，包含HNF1B全基因缺失而导致MODY5。2例患者都有糖尿病家族史，但基因检测证实2例患者父母均无17q12微缺失，均为新发变异。1例患者表现轻度自闭症状。结论:基于17q12微缺失的HNF1B全基因缺失是MODY5常见的基因变异类型，对临床可疑MODY5患者进行基因检测时，在二代测序的基础上，应常规进行CNV等的分析，确认患者是否存在HNF1B基因缺失或17q12的微缺失。

PURPOSE:To assess the effect of acarbose in lowering low-grade albuminuria compared to metformin in newly diagnosed Chinese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The Metformin and AcaRbose Clinical Trial was a randomized, open-label trial in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Participants received 48 weeks of monotherapy with acarbose (100 mg three times a day) or metformin (1500 mg once a day). As the hypoglycemic effect of acarbose and metformin has been evaluated in previous reports. This analysis studied the effect of the two antidiabetic drugs on reducing urinary albumin. The percent change in the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) from baseline to week 48 was analyzed, and ANCOVA was employed to establish whether the effect in decreasing uACR was mediated by metabolic improvement. RESULTS:Acarbose reduced the adjusted mean percent uACR by -31.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] -48.4 to -7.5) compared with metformin. When adjusting for changes in glycated hemoglobin, body weight, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides or changes in area under the curve of glucagon-like peptide 1 (AUCGLP-1) in the standard meal test, the uACR-lowering effect was not attenuated. If stratified by eGFR, blood glucose level, sex or uACR level, the effect of acarbose versus metformin was consistent across subgroups. The proportion of patients with a reduction in uACR of at least 70% was 48.6% in the acarbose group and 34.1% in the metformin group. CONCLUSION:Acarbose lowered the uACR compared to metformin in newly diagnosed T2DM patients independent of improvements in hyperglycemia, blood pressure, body weight and triglycerides.

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can affect almost any organ systems. Multiple-organs irAEs are a rare occurrence which makes its management and treatment very challenging. This is a case report of a 71-year-old man with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed multiple-organs irAEs (lung, muscle, myocardium, liver, and pituitary) after a single cycle (21 days) of the BGB-A317 (Tislelizumab). After more than two months of immunosuppression treatment with glucocorticoids, the tumor and inflammatory lesions in the lung were reduced. The levels of serum creatase, cardiac troponin T (TNT), and hepatic transaminase were also reduced. Four months after the termination of ICI therapy, the lung tumor reappeared in the previous site. This rare case report supplies several experiences in the management of multiple-organs irAEs, including full-scale monitoring of immunological indicators, early differential diagnosis, and prompt glucocorticoid therapy. This patient was not a candidate for the ICI re-challenge therapy due to the number and seriousness of irAEs. Multiple-organs irAEs add complexity to the management, and additional research is needed to develop optimal therapeutic guidelines.

Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used to screen cardiac diseases. To date, no large population study has provided estimates of the prevalences of ECG findings in China. We aim to investigate the prevalences and associated factors of ECG abnormalities in a general population of Chinese adults. Methods: ECG data were obtained from 34,965 participants in the 2007-2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study. ECG abnormalities were classified according to the Minnesota coding (MC) criteria. Prevalences of variant ECG abnormalities were calculated. The associations between ECG abnormalities and gender, age and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression test. Results: The prevalences of major arrhythmias were 1.70%, 2.37% and 1.04% in the whole population, men and women, respectively. Atrial fibrillation/flutter was found in 0.35% of men and 0.20% of women. ST depression and T abnormalities accounted for 10.96%, 7.54% and 14.32% in the whole population, men and women, respectively. Independent of gender and other CVD risk factors, older age significantly increased the odds of having atrial fibrillation/flutter, complete left bundle branch block, complete right bundle branch block, sinus tachycardia, atrial/junctional/ventricular premature beats, ST depression and T abnormalities, tall R wave left, left/right atrial hypertrophy, left axis deviation and low voltage. Hypertension, overweight, obesity and hypercholesterolemia all independently increased the odds of having ST depression and T abnormalities. History of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases was positively associated with major arrhythmias, ST depression and T abnormalities and tall R wave left. Conclusions: This study provides estimates of the prevalences of ECG findings in a large population of Chinese adults. Gender, age, CVD risk factors and history of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases were significantly associated with ECG abnormalities.

1 病例资料 患者女性,61岁,身高154cm,体重65kg,体质指数(body mass index, BMI)27.4kg/m2.因血糖升高10年,血糖控制不满意半年入院.患者10年前体检诊断2型糖尿病,采用调整生活方式及口服二甲双胍治疗.近3年使用方案:甘精胰岛素16U睡前注射,西格列汀100mg QD,二甲双胍500mg TID,空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose, FPG)7.9mmol/L,餐后2h血糖11.8mmol/ L,糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c)8.4％.近3个多月来明显口渴乏力,尿量2800m L/d,无明显低血糖症状.目前治疗方案是甘精胰岛素16U睡前注射,西格列汀100mg QD,二甲双胍500mg TID.既往高血压10年,口服苯磺酸氨氯地平5mg QD、厄贝沙坦150mg QD,血压控制尚可.患者母亲有糖尿病和高血压病史.

皮下胰岛素抵抗综合征（SIRS）以对皮下注射的胰岛素不敏感，对静脉输注胰岛素敏感为临床特点，在1型糖尿病患者中多见。本文报道1例长病程1型糖尿病患者在治疗初期行皮下注射胰岛素治疗，血糖难以控制，加量亦无效，给予静脉胰岛素治疗后，血糖控制平稳，考虑为SIRS，治疗方案调整为胰岛素肌肉注射后血糖控制平稳的诊疗过程。

BACKGROUND The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is a promising anthropometric measure used to evaluate cardiovascular risk in diabetes and metabolic syndrome patients. The metformin and acarbose in Chinese as the initial hypoglycaemic treatment trial demonstrated that acarbose and metformin reduced the WHtR after 24 wk of treatment. AIM To investigate the factors associated with a decrease in the WHtR in newly diagnosed Chinese type 2 diabetes patients receiving acarbose or metformin monotherapy. METHODS At 24 wk, 343 patients in the acarbose treatment and 333 patients in the metformin treatment were included in this analysis. On the basis of the reduction in the WHtR, these participants were divided into the following two groups: Low ΔWHtR group and high ΔWHtR group. Metabolic and related parameters associated with a high ΔWHtR were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A significant decrease in the WHtR was observed in both treatment groups (acarbose: -0.015, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.018 to -0.012, P < 0.001; metformin: -0.013, 95%CI: -0.016 to -0.010, P < 0.001). In both the acarbose and metformin groups, the WHtR of the women was more likely to be reduced than that of the men. In the acarbose group, a lower baseline area under the curve of glucagon-like peptide 1 (AUCGLP-1) was associated with a high ΔWHtR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.796, P < 0.001), while a higher baseline AUCGLP-1 was associated with a high ΔWHtR in the patients treated with metformin (OR = 1.133, P = 0.025). Regarding the changes from baseline, an increase in AUCGLP-1 was associated with a high ΔWHtR in the acarbose (OR = 1.121, P = 0.016) but not metformin group. A higher reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also associated with a high ΔWHtR in the acarbose arm (OR = 20.735, P = 0.001). In the metformin arm, a higher reduction in fasting plasma glucose (OR = 0.843, P = 0.039) and total cholesterol was associated with a high ΔWHtR (OR = 0.743, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION A lower glucagon-like peptide 1 level and higher increase in glucagon-like peptide 1 are associated with a high reduction in the WHtR in newly diagnosed Chinese diabetes patients receiving treatment with acarbose.

Using the data from the trial of Metformin and AcaRbose in Chinese as the initial Hypoglycemic treatment (MARCH), this study was performed to compare the differential effects of acarbose and metformin on glucose metabolism after stratification by gender. Six hundred and forty patients who had finished the whole 48-week follow-up were included. The reduction of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was comparable between acarbose- and metformin-treated patients among either females or males, and it was also similar between males and females treated with either acarbose or metformin for 24 and 48 weeks. The dropping of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in acarbose-treated females was significantly less than that in metformin-treated females at both 24 and 48 weeks. Furthermore, the decrease of 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPPG) in acarbose-treated males was significantly greater than that in metformin-treated males at both 24 and 48 weeks. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that drug selection was an independent factor affecting the decrease of FPG in female patients while it independently influenced 2hPPG in males at week 24 and 48. The reductions of FPG and 2hPPG at week 24 and 48 were also significantly different between metformin-treated females and metformin-treated males although gender was not an independent regulating factor. Our study indicates that there might be gender-differential effects on FPG and 2hPPG reduction when the comparisons are made between acarbose and metformin treatments.

Background: Dyslipidemia has a critical impact on renal dysfunction, but the exact types of lipids and lipoproteins that influence the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are under investigation. Observations from an adult Chinese population ≥20 years old are lacking. The present study is to investigate the associations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) with eGFR, and the risks for a mildly and a moderately/severely reduced eGFR. Methods: A total of 16,206 participants from a national representative adult population (20 years of age or older) in China were included. All calculations were weighted based on the Chinese population data and the sampling scheme. Results: Upon stratifying the population based on lipids or lipoprotein categories, we observed a significantly lower mean eGFR as well as a higher estimated prevalence of impaired eGFR among Chinese adults with TG levels in the ranges of 1.7 mmol/L≤ TG <2.3 mmol/L [mean eGFR: 110.99 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 , P =0.0000; prevalence of mildly eGFR impairment: 30.92%, P =0.0000; prevalence of moderately/severely eGFR impairment: 2.01%, P =0.1842] and ≥2.3 mmol/L [111.62 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 , P =0.0000; 27.92%, P =0.0000; 2.81%, P =0.0174], compared to those among individuals with normal TG [122.03 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 ; 19.96%; 1.20%]. Also, a higher prevalence of mildly impaired eGFR was observed with 3.4 mmol/L≤ LDL-C <4.1 mmol/L (27.93%) compared with LDL-C <3.4 mmol/L (22.61%, P =0.0092). An elevated TG was proven to be an independent risk factor for decreased eGFR [β(SE) -0.0238(0.0039), P =0.0000], and each per mmol/L increase in TG was associated with the 1.19-fold and 1.31-fold increased risks for mildly impaired eGFR and moderately/severely impaired eGFR, respectively ( P =0.0000, 0.0001). A decreased HDL-C also showed a negative contribution to eGFR [-0.0883(0.0176), P =0.0000]. In contrast, increased TC was associated with increased eGFR [0.0314(0.0060), P =0.0000] and a reduction in the risk for mildly impaired eGFR by 0.91-fold ( P =0.0302). Increased LDL-C also contributed to an elevated eGFR [0.0251(0.0070), P =0.0004]. Conclusion: A decreased eGFR could be attributed independently to an elevated TG or reduced HDL-C. It emphasizes the importance of effective control of TG and HDL-C for preserving eGFR.

皮下胰岛素抵抗（SIR）是一种少见却被忽视的临床综合征，表现为患者对皮下注射胰岛素严重抵抗而对静脉注射胰岛素敏感性正常。SIR的机制尚不完全清楚，胰岛素在皮下降解加速或局部胰岛素源性淀粉样变可能是潜在机制之一。文献报道的治疗手段包括使用蛋白酶抑制剂、持续静脉或腹腔内胰岛素输注、吸入胰岛素，但疗效不一，提示SIR病理生理机制复杂。

Objective To characterize the clinical and molecular features of a patient with maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)5 caused by S148L mutation in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β(HNF-1β). Methods The proband was a 23-year-old male with diabetes onset at ten. At that time, a random blood glucose level of 38 mmol/L and hemoglobin A1c level of 17.6％ were detected. Renal insufficiency and renal dysplasia were present at the same time. There′s no family history of diabetes or renal disease in the pedigree. Although the islet cell antibody was negative, he was diagnosed as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on account of low C-peptide level. During the follow up, azoospermia, cysts of seminal vesicle and bilateral acute hydronephrosis occurred. MODY-related genes of the proband and his father as well were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Literature review was conducted for previously reported cases with the same mutation in HNF-1β. Results A mutation in the HNF-1β gene S148L (c. 443>T) in exon 2 was identified in the proband, but not in his father. Literature review revealed that there were two mutations S148L and S148W reported in eight cases. Seven of the eight probands had S148L mutation. Renal involvement and early-onset diabetes are typical characteristics of most subjects affected by S148L mutation. Some of them had low birthweight or pancreatic malformation and six cases were the first patients in the family. Conclusions Congenital renal abnormality, early-onset of diabetes before age of 25 years and with negative T1DM antibodies probably are important clues for diagnosis of MODY5. Therefore, T1DM antibodies negative juvenile diabetes patients accompanied by abnormalities in kidney, pancreas and genital organs should be suspected for MODY5, even those without family history.

INTRODUCTION:In this secondary analysis of the Metformin and AcaRbose in Chinese as the initial Hypoglycaemic treatment (MARCH) trial, we evaluated what demographic and clinical factors were associated with reduction in weight. We also assessed the effects of acarbose and metformin treatment on weight reduction.MATERIAL AND METHODS:We analyzed the demographic and clinical laboratory values from the 784 patients with type 2 diabetes of the MARCH study who were treated for 48 weeks with acarbose or metformin. We determined the association of the different parameters with a weight reduction of ≥ 2 kg in patients using univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS:In patients treated with acarbose, males were less likely than females to lose ≥ 2 kg of weight (p = 0.025). Higher baseline HbA1c levels and lower decreases from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels after 48 weeks of treatment were negatively associated with losing ≥ 2 kg of weight (both, p < 0.05). Higher baseline glucagon AUC was also positively associated with reducing weight by ≥ 2 kg (p = 0.010). In patients treated with metformin, change from baseline in whole body insulin sensitivity increased the odds of having a weight reduction of ≥ 2 kg (p = 0.014).CONCLUSIONS:This study found that for both acarbose and metformin, control of FPG significantly impacted weight loss. Baseline AUC for glucagon in patients treated with acarbose and an increase of whole body insulin sensitivity after 48 weeks of treatment with metformin were important factors for weight reduction.

AIMS:To compare the magnitude of associations of the obesity indicators with the risk of prediabetes and diabetes. METHODS:We performed an individually region-, sex-, and age-matched case and control analysis involving 42 918 Chinese adults aged 20-88 years (6876 matched prediabetes and normal glucose regulation [NGR] groups and 2873 matched newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus [NDM] and NGR groups). RESULTS:Compared with their respective NGR controls, the participants with prediabetes or NDM had significantly higher mean levels of obesity indices as follows: waist circumference (cm), 85.3 vs. 81.8 and 87.9 vs. 82.9; waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), 0.531 vs. 0.509 and 0.546 vs. 0.514; and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), 25.4 vs. 24.1 and 25.9 vs. 24.2 (all P < 0.001). The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of NDM with waist circumference, WHtR, and BMI per standard deviation (SD) increase were 1.88 (1.80-1.97), 1.88 (1.80-1.97), and 1.69 (1.62-1.76) in the total population. CONCLUSIONS:Mean differences in the three obesity indices were around 0.3 SD between matched prediabetes cases and NGR controls, and around 0.5 SD between matched NDM cases and NGR controls. Waist circumference and WHtR were more strongly associated with diabetes than BMI among Chinese adults.

Objective To compare urinary microalbumin levels and prevalence of microalbuminuria in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and prediabetes including various types of impaired glucose regulation.Methods During 2007-2008,subjects (n=47 325),aged ≥20 years,including 18 976 males and 28 349 females,from 152 city blocks and 112 villages in China,were recruited using stratified and multi-staged sampling methods.According to the results of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT),participants were divided to NGT group,isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG) group,isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT) and impaired fasting glucose with impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT/IFG).Abnormal urinary microalbumin was defined if its level was above 30 mg/L.The urinary microalbumin levels and the prevalence of abnormal microalbuminuria were compared and analyzed among groups.Analysis of variance,rank sum test and multiple linear regression were applied for statistical analysis.Results The urinary microalbumin level [media (upper-lower quantiles)] in IGT/IFG group was I6(8～37) mg/L and that in i-IGT group was 13(7-30) mg/L.Both were higher than that in NGT group [10(6-21) mg/L](all P＜0.01);but there was no significant difference between NGT group and i-IFG group [11(6-24)mg/L].The prevalence of abnormal urinary microalbumin was 31.5％ in IGT/IFG group,25.0％ in i-IGT group,20.2％ in i-IFG group and 17.6％ in NGT group.Conclusion The prevalence of abnormal microalbuminuria is already increased even at the pre-diabetic stage.That suggests we should manage risk factors for microalbuminuria of these patients as early as possible.

Objective The purpose of this paper was to understand the association between the efficacy of acarbose or metformin and the parameters reflected body weight,such as body mass index (BMI),central obesity (COB),magnitude of weight loss.Methods A total of 788 participants from MARCH database were included in this analysis.After a 4-week run-in period of lifestyle modification,patients were assigned to 48 weeks of therapy with metformin or acarbose as the initial treatment.The participants were divided into four BMI groups (BMI 19.0-23.9,24.0-25.9,26.0-27.9,and 28.0-30.0 kg/m2) and two central obesity groups according to IDF criteria (i.e.waist circumference ≥90 cm in male,≥80 cm in female),respectively.ANCOVA was used to assess the association of the above obesity categories with the changes of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline in acarbose group and metformin group respectively,with treatment and center as factors,and baseline HbA1c as a covariate.Results There was no significant difference in change from baseline HbA1c within the acarbose groups (0.98％±0.09％,0.95％± 0.09％,1.20％±0.09％,1.14％±0.10％,F=I.80,P＞0.05) as well as the mefformin groups (1.08％±0.09％,1.12％ ± 0.09％,1.20％ ± 0.10％,1.32％ ± 0.10％,F=1.25,P＞0.05) when patients were stratified by BMI quartile.The reduction in HbA1c was greater in patients with central obesity than those without in metformin group (I.26％±0.06％ vs 0.98％±0.08％,F=7.68,P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference among patients with and without central obesity for HbA1c reduction in acarbose treatment group (1.10％±0.06％ vs 0.97％±0.08％,F=1.62,P＞0.05).Conclusion The hypoglycemic efficacy of acarbose was not associated with the obesity status.In contrast,metformin was more effective in diabetic patients with central obesity.