In Southern Min dialect, the word kau can serve not only as a verb, complement, and complement marker, but also as an adverb, a marker of subjective large quantity, a conjunction, etc., and it is a multi-functional word. Among them, the evolution of directional complements, complement markers, etc. is mainly related to the weakening of the lexical meaning of kau and the strengthening of its syntactic function; while the functions such as the marker of subjective large quantity and adverb are mainly related to the strengthening of the pragmatic meaning and the fixation of the phonetic form. A comprehensive description of the above functions can provide a reasonable basis for reconstructing the evolution process of kau, and observe the roles played by grammaticalization and subjectivization in the syntactic and semantic aspects of kau.

"Hai is used as an adverb and sentence final modal particle which can be named "hai," and "hai," respectively in Chaozhou Min dialect, "Hai," can form the structure "XP, Mai". "Hai," has two functions including: (a) as particles in rhetorical questions ("hai,,"); (b)as aforma tive particles ("hai"), The usage of "hai," developed from "hai," through syntactic ellipsis and re analysis. Transformation of the structure results in the focus of the semantic scope of hai to move for ward and accordingly the semantic content changes, which leads to the evolution of "haiz.">"hlist".

潮州方言的"做"有多种用法,包括做动词、介词、副词、连词、构词语素及疑问代词等.在对以上功能进行详细描写的基础上,可重构潮州方言"做"的不同功能之间的演变关系,梳理其语法化路径.其中副词功能由构式"做蜀下"经由音节删减演变而来,在演变过程中,伴随着语音形式的变化,由偕同义发展出了总括义、高程度义.语音变化在语法演变中起着重要作用,语义、语法的演化促进了语音形式的变化,语音形式的变化反过来巩固新的用法,语音形式与语义、语法等要素的演变相互促进、相辅相成.语素的多功能性在汉语中普遍存在,这可能是汉语较为"显赫"的语法特点.对同一语素的多功能性进行充分的描写,并在此基础上重构其演化途径,是方言语法研究坚持形式和意义相结合的新进展和新要求.

The word "shuo" () in the Yongchun dialect of Min is used as a speech verb (including quotation mark) and complementizer. As a complementizer, "shuo" has five kinds of grammatical relations in clauses which include content, reason, purpose, stative and comparison. Based on a detailed description of the usages to understand the steps of its grammaticalization, this paper reconstructs the procedure of grammaticalization of "shuo". The meaning of "shuo" as a complementizer depends on the relationships with the preceding and succeeding syntactic components and is also closely related to the syntactic structure. For purpose complementizers, even though the sources are different, the same feature in the surface structure still provides a new perspective on the development of its form and meaning.

In Lianjiang Yue dialect, the auxiliary verb “guan1” and the aspect particle “guan2”, which place before and after verbs respectively, refer to habitual meaning. By investigating these two words, we find that in Lianjiang Yue dialect, Guigang Yue dialect and Hakka dialect, “guan” has grammaticalized from descriptive complement to habitual particle, while in Guangzhou dialect “guan” has not evolved in this way. The habitual particle in Guangzhou dialect is “kai”. There are two paths of grammaticalization for the habitual particles in Chinese dialect. One is from descriptive complement to habitual aspect (such as “kai” in Guangzhou dialect, and “guan2” in Lianjiang dialect), while the other is from verb to auxiliary verb (such as “guan1” in Lianjiang Yue dialect). Auxiliary verbs, descriptive complements and aspect particles referring to habitual meaning all fall into the habitual category, and they are important to the study of the habitual category in Chinese. In this paper, we examine the postverbal “guan” in Lianjiang Yue dialect within the “static– dynamic” framework of dialectal grammar research, studying its current usage as well as its evolvement. This is

After having been introduced into China almost 30 years ago, grammaticalization theory in the field of dialect research has undergone an "embryonic" and "boom" period and has already seen the development of a "mature" phase of its application. Based on the findings of research carried out by Chinese scholars, this entry reviews and examines the application of grammaticalization theory to Sinitic dialects from three research perspectives: materials, content, and methods, and offers suggestions for future research directions.

本文考察广州等十一地粤语的持续体貌范畴,发现大多数粤语区分动作进行("进行")和状态持续("持续"),但持续和进行并不绝然对立,其分合呈现出连续统的模式.文章还比较了今粤语与其他东南方言及早期粤语的持续体貌系统,探讨粤语持续体貌范畴及其表现形式等问题.

贵港客方言以不同的体标记,将重行体二分为修正重行与非修正重行.在详细描写贵港客方言重行体范畴形式和功能的基础上,将贵港客方言与当地粤方言、壮语进行比较.比较后发现,贵港客方言修正重行与非修正重行的表现形式与当地壮语高度平行;重行体范畴可以视为贵港区域语言特征,该区域特征的形成再次说明,语言接触所导致的影响可以是相互的.这是一个汉壮语接触引发壮语重行范畴进一步分化且改用汉语语法形式的案例.

结合百年前西方传教士所编写的西南官话文献和当代西南官话口语用例发现,以表示方式方法义的名词"法"为源头,"法"有两条语法化路径:(一)方式方法义名词＞方式方法义类词缀＞方式助词＞程度助词;(二)方式方法义类词缀＞价值评定助词.

广西贵港客家话的"去"具有多功能性,除作趋向动词外,还可作趋向补语、动相补语及句末助词.句末助词的用法可进一步三分.本文对句末助词"去"的多功能性进行测试式描写,并讨论"去"句末助词用法的区别与联系.贵港客家话句末助词"去"的多功能性,符合广西区域语言接触的特点,但也不能完全排除汉语.方言自身的演变因素.语法化和语言接触是两个维度的因素,但不一定相互排斥.

This paper examines a special locative phrase formed by reduplication in Lianjiang Yue dialect. The locative phrase is composed of reduplicated location nominals and locative pro-forms, with the locative pro-form occurring obligatorily. It is observed that (i) the reduplicated location nominal must be definite and can be easily identifiable in the context; (ii) the grammatical meaning of the location nominal changes from "location" to "next to/near" after reduplication; (iii) locative pro-forms occurring in the reduplicated locative phrase are restricted to those similar to here and there in English. It is argued that there is a functional category NEAR in the reduplicated locative phrase. Location nominals, being the reference point of "near", must be clearly specified, which results in the definiteness requirement imposed on them. The paper assumes that the locative pro-form is the head of the whole phrase, with the reduplicated location nominal as its modifier, which accounts for why the locative pro-form occurs obligatorily. The reduplicated locative phrase provides us with an opportunity to explore the internal structure of the locative phrase in Chinese and to learn the grammatical function of reduplication and the syntactic structure of reduplicative phrases.

句末助词"佢(他)"是粤语处置范畴的典型标记.介词型处置标记(如广州话的"将")既可用于实现句,也可用于非实现句,而句末助词型(如广州话、廉江话的"佢")只表非现实.形式标记不同,范畴的现实性、非现实性也不同.跨方言/语言的范畴比较,存在"范畴不等值"的普遍现象.这一现象要求对不同方言/语言同一范畴的句法语义表现进行详细的描写,找出有效的语法参项.回顾语义取向和形式取向的比较方法后,文章初步归纳并提出了"静-动"结合的描写比较框架.

文章从岳池方言出发,通过考察西南官话和其他汉语南方方言,发现重行体存在分合两种情况:有的方言用特定的形式区分修正/非修正重行,有的则不区分.重行体标记可分为副词型和助词型两种基本类型,前者对现实/非现实不敏感,后者则敏感度较高.汉语方言中修正重行体的存在体现了汉语是强主观性语言的特点.汉语中重行体标记由趋向动词(如“过”)、重复义副词(如“格外/格晚=”等)向重行义演变而来,异于其他语言.

《语法分析》是一本介绍生成语法学的入门书.该书从跨语言/方言比较的角度,重视与传统语言学的沟通,注意通过事实分析,层层递进;注意区分书面语和口语,对生成语法学进行了深入浅出的介绍,并对一些问题提出了新看法.本文认为借鉴生成语法的做法,对方言语法现象进行测试式描写,是对方言语法进行有效描写的一种方法.

闽方言语法化研究起步于20世纪90年代,随着汉语语法化研究的不断深入而取得了一些突破.从研究的主体对象看,闽方言语法化研究主要关注词的语法化现象,并涉及与其相关的句式结构等,整体呈现出多样化的特点.在传统研究方法的基础上,闽方言语法化研究融入了跨语言或跨方言比较、语言接触研究、语义地图、主观化等新领域和新理论,研究视角不断开拓、创新.

The theory of contact-induced grammaticalization has been proposed to examine language contact and grammatical change, and was introduced into Chinese linguistic circles over 10 years ago. It contributes to a series of developments and breakthroughs in the domain of contact between Chinese and other languages as well as contact among Chinese dialects. Recent approaches to Chinese linguistics combine the theory with Semantic Map Model. In this paper, we focus on the Chinese linguistic studies benefitting from the theory and discuss a group of regional grammatical features which have provided the linguistic basis for cultural regionalization in Guangdong Province.

文章基于所收集到的粤语语法化文献,从使用语料的特点、研究对象的类别、研究方法与理论等方面对粤方言的语法化研究进行回顾及展望.粤方言的语法化研究大致经历了"起步—多样化—深入探讨"三个阶段.语法化已成为汉语方言语法描写和解释的一种框架或视角,该理论在方言语法研究中将继续发挥积极的作用.

广东廉江粤方言有“佢”字处置句,不存在发展成熟的介词型处置句及其混合形式.本文在对廉江方言“佢”字句的句法语义进行描写的基础上,比较广州话“佢”字句的异同,认为粤语“佢”字句的功能是为达成某结果或状态(非现实情况)进行主观处置,“佢”已完成由代词向处置标记的演变.与“持拿”义动词的语法化相比,廉江方言“佢”字句的构式化程度较高.联系粤西及广西等边缘地区粤方言的处置句类型,本文认为粤方言典型的处置句应是“佢”字句,反映了其较强的VO型汉语方言的特点.

The morpheme chek has more functions in Beiliu variety of Cantonese than in other varieties like Guangzhou, Lianjiang, etc. In Beiliu Cantonese, the form chek can occur as a verb, a deontic modal verb, a passive marker, a phase complement or a perfective marker. In this paper, we compare the the Beiliu chek with other Cantonese varieties like Guangzhou, Lianjiang, early Cantonese and other adjacent dialects and languages like Hakka, Pinghua, Guiliu Mandarin and the Zhuang language based on the Semantic Map Model and the grammaticalization theory. We argue that the multifunctionality of chek is a regional grammatical feature that results from language contact.

广东怀集县下坊粤语(粤语勾漏片)存在重叠式疑问句.部分动词、形容词或介词重叠后构成中性问句,重叠前后字的语音形式不变.这一发现可对“VP-neg-VP?＞VVP?”演变链条进行补充,具有类型学意义.怀集县内的民族语言标话也存在重叠问,下坊粤语与标话存在接触关系.然而,难以判断下坊粤语的重叠问直接源自标话,也难排除下坊粤语的重叠问与标话无关.从与顺德(容桂)粤语重叠问的比较可看出,标话对下坊粤语重叠问的继续演化进程(VP-neg-VP?＞ VVP?＞ VP-neg-VP?)存在影响.本文着重对怀集下坊粤语、标话及顺德粤语的重叠问现象进行描写,认为语言自身演变的方向与接触引发的变化方向可以是一致的(VP-neg-VP?＞VVP?),而接触又使得正反问“回潮”,出现了演变或演化的“钟摆现象”.怀集下坊、顺德粤语与标话的重叠问现象,有助于进一步加深接触与演变之间关系的认识.