COPYRIGHT © 2023 Fu, Yu, Guo, You and Du. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Recent advances and product opportunities in the technology of proteins, probiotics, and prebiotics

Previous studies have found that TLR4 rs1928295 polymorphism is associated with Body Mass Index in European and American Indian adults. This study evaluates the relationship between this locus polymorphism, obesity-related parameters and dietary patterns in Chinese Han Children. A total of 798 children aged 7-12 years were included in this cross-sectional study. An improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction was used for genotyping. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component factor analysis. The overweight/obesity rate of the TT genotype was greater than those of the CC/CT genotype (p = 0.032 and 0.048 in boys and girls, respectively). Boys of the TT genotype could interact with protein and cholesterol intake to increase low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (p = 0.02, 0.015, respectively), while girls of the TT genotype could interact with total energy intake to increase triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.018) levels. Boys predisposed to a healthy balance dietary pattern (HBDP) and girls predisposed to an egg/fruit/fish dietary pattern (EFDP) were significantly associated with lower rates of central obesity (p = 0.045, 0.028). Boys carrying the TT genotype and predisposed to animal food dietary pattern (AFDP) had a higher level of low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.017) and systolic pressure (p = 0.044). Our results indicated that the TT genotype of TLR4 rs1928295 is a potential risk factor for obesity in Chinese Han children and is associated with dietary patterns.

抗性糊精作为一种重要的水溶性膳食纤维,能抵抗肠道淀粉酶的消化,对人体健康具有多重功效,对慢性疾病防治有积极作用,在食品饮料行业有广阔的应用前景.本文对近年来抗性糊精生理功效相关的研究进行综述,以期进一步发掘其潜在价值.

Background Interindividual differences in response to personalized nutrition (PN) intervention were affected by multiple factors, including genetic backgrounds and gut microbiota. The fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene is an important factor related to hyperlipidemia and occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have explored the differences in response to intervention among subjects with different genotypes of FTO, and the associations between gut microbiota and individual responses. Objective To explore the differential lipid metabolism outcomes associated with FTO gene polymorphisms in response to PN intervention, the altered taxonomic features of gut microbiota caused by the intervention, and the associations between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism outcomes. Methods A total of 400 overweight or obese adults were recruited in the study and randomly divided into the PN group and control group, of whom 318 completed the 12-week intervention. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of rs1121980 in FTO was genotyped. Gut microbiota and blood lipids were determined at baseline and week 12. Functional property of microbiota was predicted using Tax4Fun functional prediction analysis. Results Subjects with the risk genotype of FTO had significantly higher weight and waist circumference (WC) at baseline. Generalized linear regression models showed that the reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), WC, body fat percentage, total cholesterol (TCHO), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was greater in subjects with the risk genotype of FTO and in the PN group. Significant interaction effects between genotype and intervention on weight, BMI, WC, TCHO, and LDL were found after stratifying for specific genotype of FTO. All subjects showed significant increasement in α diversity of gut microbiota after intervention except for those with the non-risk genotype in the control group. Gut microbiota, including Blautia and Firmicutes, might be involved in lipid metabolism in response to interventions. The predicted functions of the microbiota in subjects with different genotypes were related to lipid metabolism-related pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation. Conclusion Subjects with the risk genotype of FTO had better response to nutrition intervention, and PN intervention showed better amelioration in anthropometric parameters and blood lipids than the control. Gut microbiota might be involved in modulating differential lipid metabolism responses to intervention in subjects with different genotypes. Trial registration [Chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR1900026226].

目的 调查上海市社区老年人的居住模式及膳食摄入情况,研究居住模式对老年人心理健康及膳食营养状况的影响.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取上海市共1278位60岁及以上老年人,应用中国成年人情绪性量表及老年抑郁量表简版(GDS-15)进行心理健康调查,采用简易食物频率问卷(FFQ)进行膳食营养调查,了解老年人营养状况及膳食摄入情况,应用老年人膳食平衡指数(E-DBI-16)对老年人的膳食营养状况进行评价.最后通过Logistic回归分析居住模式对老年人心理健康及膳食营养状况的影响,应用Process模型分析中介作用.结果 "不与子女居住"的老年人发生抑郁症的风险更高、更不幸福、自我满意度更低;"不与子女居住"的老年人膳食中的食用油、酒精及谷类等食物摄入过量程度会越大,杂粮、薯类、蔬菜、水果、牛奶、大豆及坚果等食物摄入不足状况越高.膳食质量、心理健康因素、食物多样性在老年人居住模式中的中介作用显著.结论 与子女居住有利于改善老年人的心理健康及膳食营养状况,有利于针对性给与营养干预和心理指导.

Background Overweight and obesity increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Personalized nutrition (PN) approaches may provide tailored nutritional advice/service by focusing on individual's unique characteristics to prevent against NCDs. Objective We aimed to compare the effect of PN intervention with the traditional “one size fits all” intervention on health status in overweight/obese Chinese adults. Methods In this 12-week randomized controlled trial, 400 adults with BMI ≥24 kg/m 2 were randomized to control group (CG, n = 200) and PN group (PNG, n = 200). The CG received conventional health guidance according to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents and Chinese DRIs Handbook , whereas the PNG experienced PN intervention that was developed by using decision trees based on the subjects' anthropometric measurements, blood samples (phenotype), buccal cells (genotype), and dietary and physical activity (PA) assessments (baseline and updated). Results Compared with the conventional intervention, PN intervention significantly improved clinical outcomes of anthropometric (e.g., body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, waist circumference) and blood biomarkers (e.g., blood lipids, uric acid, homocysteine). The improvement in clinical outcomes was achieved through behavior change in diet and PA. The subjects in the PNG had higher China dietary guidelines index values and PA levels. Personalized recommendations of “lose weight,” “increase fiber” and “take multivitamin/mineral supplements” were the major contributors to the decrease of BMI and improvement of lipid profile. Conclusion We provided the first evidence that PN intervention was more beneficial than conventional nutrition intervention to improve health status in overweight/obese Chinese adults. This study provides a model of framework for developing personalized advice in Chinese population. Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1900026226).

《上海市中小学校学生营养午餐指南》分为午餐营养标准、健康教育、管理制度、食品安全要点和附录等部分.指南制定的目的旨在保证中小学生能够进食营养均衡的学校午餐,以满足机体正常发育所需.其配餐目标包括:①在确保食品安全的前提下,提供均衡、全面的营养;②餐食增加蔬菜占比量,减少总脂肪和盐量.指南提供了学生午餐食谱和主要食物互换量表,以助于供餐单位制定合理的午餐计划.指南中要求学校开展多种形式的学生科学用餐与食品安全健康教育活动.

目的 研究上海浦东新区小学低年级学生的膳食模式,并分析其影响因素.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法挑选浦东新区三所小学,用3d 24h膳食回顾法记录1492名学生的饮食,采用因子分析其膳食模式,并用多因素Logistic回归分析其潜在的影响因素.结果 多因素Logistic回归显示,男生、家庭月收入为2501～5000元的学生与传统平衡模式呈正相关(均P<0.05),家庭月收入为5001～10000以及10001元以上与菌藻禽类模式呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.001).每天中高强体育活动小于1h的学生则与传统平衡模式呈负相关(P<0.05),夜间睡眠不足与水产红肉模式呈正相关(P<0.001);家庭月收入为10001元以上及母亲高学历与果奶糖蛋模式呈正相关(均P<0.05),而母亲超重或肥胖者则与此呈负相关(P<0.05).结论 在低年级学生膳食中共分析出5种膳食模式:传统平衡模式、肉类调味品模式、菌藻禽类模式、果奶糖蛋模式、快餐饮料模式;性别,父母亲学历和家庭经济状况等因素会影响学生对不同膳食模式的倾向.

目的 建立适用于老年人的膳食平衡指数(E-DBI-16),并验证E-DBI-16的可靠性.方法 依据《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》、《中国老年人膳食指南(2016)》及《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013)》,参考中国膳食平衡指数(DBI-16)的框架,采用分段取值的评分方法构建E-DBI-16.通过《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》中的老年人推荐食谱及上海市老年居民食物摄入资料,对其可靠性进行验证.结果 构建了符合老年人特征的E-DBI-16,《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》中的推荐食谱被E-DBI-16评为适宜(0～14分),老年人膳食能量以及营养素摄入与E-DBI-16的负端分、膳食质量距呈负相关,与正端分呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.001),且高能量、高蛋白质膳食和高能量、高脂肪膳食在正端分评价为无摄入过量的比例非常低,多数为较适宜或过量;在负端分和膳食质量距中评价为失衡的比例均超过90％.结论 E-DBI-16能较好地反映老年人的膳食质量和实际膳食摄入状况.

Background Data on the association of breakfast habits and changes in cardiometabolic markers in children are limited. Methods In total, 6964 children aged 6–13 years from Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Jinan, Harbin, and Guangzhou were included in the final analysis. Daily consumption, consumption of ≥3 food groups, and at-home consumption were defined as healthy breakfast habits. Blood pressure, % fat mass, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, glucose, and 50-m × 8 shuttle run were measured at baseline (May 2009) and follow-up (May 2010). Clustered cardiometabolic risk score (CCRS) was computed by summing Z scores of five components: % fat mass, systolic blood pressure, glucose, TC to HDL-C ratio, and triglyceride. Results Children who ate breakfast daily had a higher decrease in TC to HDL-C ratio and a higher increase in HDL-C compared with breakfast skippers (both P values < 0.05). There was an inverse association of the number of food groups consumed at breakfast with the change in CCRS ( P trend = 0.005). At-home breakfast consumption was associated with a lower increase in BMI, LDL-C, TC to HDL-C ratio, fasting glucose, and 50-m × 8 shuttle run and a higher increase in HDL-C (all P values < 0.05). Children with two or three healthy breakfast habits had a lower increase in CCRS, LDL-C, TC to HDL-C ratio, glucose, and a higher increase in HDL-C compared with those with none or one (all P values < 0.05). Conclusions Healthy breakfast habits might help minimize the cardiometabolic risk factors in children.

目的 建立适用于上海城区居民慢性病防治工作的简明半定量食物频率调查问卷(semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire,SQFFQ),为饮食相关的疾病病因研究提供简单有效的测量工具.方法 在原有110条目的食物频率问卷(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)和24h膳食回顾调查(24-hour dietary recall,24-HDR)数据基础上进行优化制定新的SQFFQ,并以24-HDR为标准进行相关分析和有效性检验.结果 新制定的简明SQFFQ食物项目下降到51项,10种目标营养素的覆盖率平均超过90％.整个食物频率问卷更为简洁,易于实施,效度检验分析显示优化后的问卷与24小时膳食调查之间的高估(低估)比例和总的相关系数有所改善,经过对数转化后,相关性略有提高(r=0.222～0.375,平均一致率:67％,Kappa值=0.10～0.20).结论 本研究制定的简明SQFFQ初步达到了预期的以不牺牲效度为前提简化问卷的要求,可在上海市中心城区的较大规模人群营养流行病学调查中推广使用.

Background Identifying leading dietary determinants for cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors is urgent for prioritizing interventions in children. We aimed to identify leading dietary determinants for the change in CMR and create a healthy diet score (HDS) to predict CMR in children. Methods We included 5676 children aged 6–13 years in the final analysis with physical examinations, blood tests, and diets assessed at baseline and one year later. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, an average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, multiplying by − 1), and triglycerides. Machine learning was used to identify leading dietary determinants for CMR and an HDS was then computed. Results The nine leading predictors for CMRS were refined grains, seafood, fried foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, wheat, red meat other than pork, rice, fungi and algae, and roots and tubers with the contribution ranging from 3.9 to 19.6% of the total variance. Diets high in seafood, rice, and red meat other than pork but low in other six food groups were associated with a favorable change in CMRS. The HDS was computed based on these nine dietary factors. Children with HDS ≥8 had a higher decrease in CMRS (β (95% CI): − 1.02 (− 1.31, − 0.73)), BMI (− 0.08 (− 0.16, − 0.00)), SBP (− 0.46 (− 0.58, − 0.34)), DBP (− 0.46 (− 0.58, − 0.34)), mean arterial pressure (− 0.50 (− 0.62, − 0.38)), fasting glucose (− 0.22 (− 0.32, − 0.11)), insulin (− 0.52 (− 0.71, − 0.32)), and HOMA-IR (− 0.55 (− 0.73, − 0.36)) compared to those with HDS ≦3. Improved HDS during follow-up was associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, percent body fat, SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure, HDL-C, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion Diets high in seafood, rice, and red meat other than pork and low in refined grains, fried foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and wheat are leading healthy dietary factors for metabolic health in children. HDS is strongly predictive of CMR factors.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Han Chinese population had found that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the CMTM7 gene rs347134 was significantly associated with Body Mass Index (BMI). In the present study, the association of the rs347134 SNP with obesity and its interaction with dietary patterns (DPs) were explored in Han Chinese children. This cross-sectional study group included 1292 children, in whom obesity-related indicators were evaluated, the rs347134 SNP was genotyped by improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction (iMLDR), and the DPs were identified by principal component factor analysis. The GG genotype exhibited higher odds of general overweight/obesity (P = 0.038) and central obesity (P = 0.039) than AA + GA genotypes in boys. Four DPs of boys were identified: healthy balanced (HBDP), nuts and sweets-based (NSDP), animal food-based (AFDP), and wheaten and dairy-based (WDDP). Boys with the GG genotype were significantly more inclined to AFDP (P = 0.028) and had a shorter sleep duration (P = 0.031). Significant interactions were observed; boys with the GG genotype displayed a higher LDL in AFDP (P = 0.031) and higher FBG in NSDP (P = 0.038), respectively. Our findings indicate for the first time that the GG genotype of CMTM7 rs347134 is potentially a novel obesity risk factor for Han Chinese male children and is associated with dietary patterns more or less.

BACKGROUND:Little evidence from developing countries on dietary transition demonstrates the effects of comprehensive childhood obesity interventions on dietary diversity and food variety among younger children. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of comprehensive childhood obesity interventions on dietary diversity among younger children.METHODS:A total of 4846 children aged 7-13 years were included based on a multicenter randomized controlled trial for childhood obesity interventions in 38 primary schools. Nutrition education intervention (NE), physical activity intervention (PA) and comprehensive intervention including both NE and PA (CNP) were carried out separately for 2 semesters. Dietary Diversity Score (DDS9 and DDS28 for 9 and 28 food groupings, respectively), Food Variety Score (FVS, the number of food items) and the proportions of different foods consumed were calculated according to the food intake records collected with the 24-h dietary recall method.RESULTS:The intervention effects per day of comprehensive intervention group were 0 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0, 0.1; p = 0.382) on DDS9, 0.1 (95% CI: -0.1, 0.2; p = 0.374) on DDS28 and 0.1 (95% CI: -0.1, 0.3; p = 0.186) on FVS of overall diet, which was 0.1 (95% CI: 0, 0.1; p < 0.001) on DDS9, 0 (95% CI: 0, 0.1; p = 0.168) on DDS28 and 0.1 (95% CI: 0, 0.1; p = 0.067) on FVS of dietary scores of breakfast only. Additionally, CNP group had greater increases in cereals, meat and fruits, and more decreases in eggs, fish and dried legumes consumption proportions as compared with the control group. Decreasing side effect on dietary diversity and food variety were found for PA intervention, but not for NE intervention only.CONCLUSIONS:Though the comprehensive obesity intervention didn't improve the overall dietary diversity per day, the positive intervention effects were observed on breakfast foods and some foods' consumption.

目的 分析上海市浦东新区学龄儿童超重肥胖现状,为进一步筛查学龄儿童超重、预防学龄儿童肥胖提供方向.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法于2017年10月抽取上海市浦东新区1 738名学龄儿童进行体格测量与问卷调查,分别采用国内外不同BMI、腰围和腰高比标准对学龄儿童超重肥胖状况进行评价.结果 仅使用BMI标准进行超重肥胖评价会遗漏有中心性肥胖风险的儿童,漏查率为7.6％～16.2％;而仅使用中心性肥胖判定标准,也会漏查2.8％～10.9％的全身性肥胖学龄儿童.上海市浦东新区郊区中心镇的学龄儿童超重肥胖率最高(28.6％～39.4％).男童全身性超重肥胖率为26.2％～35.5％,明显高于女童的18.1％～26.4％,但女童腰围高于正常值的人数(254/766)与男童(316/946)相当,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.011,P＞0.05),应引起关注.此外,一、二年级学龄儿童超重肥胖率明显低于三年级(P＜0.05).结论 应同时使用全身性肥胖和中心性肥胖标准对学龄儿童进行筛查,尽早预防学龄儿童超重肥胖,并制定相应干预策略.

Background:Findings for associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors are inconsistent, and the interactive association between CRF and fatness with CMR factors is unclear in children. Our study aimed to examine whether CRF and fatness are independently and interactively associated with CMR factors. Methods:We included 5,869 children aged 6-13 years in the analysis. Physical examinations, blood tests, and CRF were measured at baseline and 1 year later. Cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) was computed by summingZscores of waist circumference (WC), averaged systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, multiplied by -1), and triglycerides. Results:There was a high correlation between fatness and CRF in both boys and girls. High baseline CRF was independently associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, percent body fat (PBF), total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C (allP< 0.025). Improved CRF was independently associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, PBF, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and fasting glucose (allP< 0.0321). Baseline BMI was positively associated with changes in CMRS, WC, blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR (allP< 0.0462). Low PBF at baseline was associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, blood pressure, HDL-C, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR (allP< 0.0423). The percentage of the total effect of baseline CRF on changes in CMRS, triglycerides, HDL-C, PBF, and WC mediated by baseline BMI was 66.0, 61.6, 40.3, 20.7, and 9.2%, respectively. Baseline CRF was a significant mediator for the association between baseline BMI and changes in CMRS (mediated by 4.3%), triglycerides (5.1%), and HDL-C (12.0%). An inverse association was found between baseline CRF and CMRS in children with high baseline BMI/PBF only. Improved CRF was associated with decreased BMI and WC in children with low baseline CRF. Conclusions:Fatness and CRF are each independently associated with changes in CMR factors. Fatness is a major mediator for the association between CRF and CMR factors, whereas the association between fatness and CMR factors is also mediated by CRF. The beneficial effect of high CRF on CMR factors was more evident in obese or unfit children.

Previous studies have found that LMX1B rs10733682 polymorphism is associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) in European and American Indian adults. In this study, the association of rs10733682 polymorphism with obesity-related indicators, and its interaction with macronutrients and dietary patterns (DPs) were explored in Chinese children (n = 798). The rs10733682 polymorphism was genotyped by improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction (iMLDR). Four DPs were identified by factor analysis. The AA genotype had a higher incidence of overweight/obesity than GG+GA genotypes (P = 0.010) in girls (n = 398), but no difference in boys. The AA genotype in girls could interact with intake of energy, fat and carbohydrate, causing an increased triglyceride (TG), (P = 0.021, 0.003, 0.002, respectively), and also could interact with energy from protein, causing an elevated BMI (P = 0.023) and waist (P = 0.019). Girls inclining to the HED (high-energy density)-DP were associated with increased TG (P = 0.033), and girls inclining to the VEF (vegetables, eggs, and fishes based)-DP were associated with decreased total cholesterol (TC, P = 0.045) and decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL, P = 0.016). The findings indicated that the AA genotype of rs10733682 and the HED-DP are potential risk factors of obesity in Chinese girls.

Few clinical trials have investigated lifestyle intervention effect on metabolic health in children. The study aimed to examine the effect of diet and physical activity intervention on the reduction of clustered metabolic risk score (CMRS) in children and moderators and mediators of the intervention effect. A multicentre, clustered randomised controlled trial was conducted with examination conducted at baseline and after intervention over one year. 7110 children (49.7% girls) with a mean of 9.06 (95% CI: 9.03, 9.09) years were included in the analysis. In Beijing, each three schools were randomly assigned to diet-only, physical activity-only intervention and control groups. In five other urban cities, each 15 schools were randomly assigned to comprehensive intervention and control groups. CMRS was computed by summing the Z scores of % fat mass, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, ratio of cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride. Compared with controls (n = 2808), children in the comprehensive intervention group (n = 2848) had more reduction in CMRS (multivariate-adjusted mean difference (95% CI): -0.49 (-0.85, -0.14)). The body mass index (BMI) reduction explained 7.3% (95% CI 2.8%-18.1%) of the total intervention effect. The intervention was more effective in children with higher birthweight, lower parental BMI, or complete parental data. Diet-only or physical activity-only intervention had non-significant effects on CMRS reduction. Our multidimensional comprehensive intervention resulted in significant reduction in CMRS in primary school children and this effect was modified by birthweight, parental BMI, and parental involvement. A minority of metabolic risk reduction was mediated through BMI.

目的 评价社区老年人的膳食摄入情况及营养状况,提出社区老年人膳食营养改进措施建议,以提高社区老年人营养水平.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取小东门社区各居委会共211位60岁及以上老年人,使用微型营养评价量表及简易食物频率问卷进行调查,并同时进行体格测量、血压及血液生化指标的检测.结果 小东门老年调查人群的肥胖率为3.3％,高血压患病率为41.7％,血糖异常率为为30.3％,血脂异常率为64.5％.膳食调查结果显示:老年人群膳食纤维、VA、VB1、钙摄入不足,男性锌摄入不足.有62.6％的老年人杂粮摄入严重不足,分别有72.5％、55.2％、72.9％、83.7％、89.7％、39.5％、50.3％、91.1％、46.3％、70％、57.1％、45.3％的老年人,其谷类、深色蔬菜、浅色蔬菜、水果、薯类、畜禽类、蛋类、奶类、大豆类、坚果类、水产品、饮水量存在摄入不足.有57.1％的老年人食用油摄入过量,有48.3％的老年人盐摄入过量.结论 本次调查的老年人群中,有一定比例的老年人承受高血压、糖尿病等慢性病的困扰.老年人群存在膳食摄入不平衡的问题,同时相当一部分老年人存在油盐摄入过高的问题.

目的 评估上海市浦东新区学龄儿童的体力活动现状,为制订有效促进学龄儿童体力活动的干预措施提供依据.方法 采用《7 d回顾性体力活动问卷》,对分层随机整群抽取的上海市浦东新区3所小学一至三年级共l 702名学龄儿童进行横断面调查.结果 学龄儿童一周高、中、低强度体力活动时长分别为389,310,56 min,中高强度体力活动(mediun and high-intensity physical activity,MVPA)达标率为77.2％,达标率随年级递增(X2=41.11,P＜0.05),男、女生差异无统计学意义.学龄儿童一周日均静态活动时长为3.14 h,其中屏幕时间为0.86 h,做家庭作业时间为2.80 h,周末平均静态活动时长(4.00 h)高于学习日(2.50 h)(P＜0.05).一周平均屏幕时间达标率为83.5％,且随年级递减(P＜0.05).周末屏幕时间达标率(73.9％)低于学习日(92.2％)(P＜0.05).结论 学龄儿童体力活动现状一般,仍有部分学生没有达标.应加大对学龄儿童体力活动促进的重视和干预力度,进一步改善学龄儿童体力活动现状.