目的:对石河子市社区医护人员药品不良反应监测与报告实施干预后的效果进行评价.方法:干预前后对社区医护人员进行药品不良反应知识问卷调查,并对回收的有效问卷进行统计、分析.结果:实施干预后,社区医护人员对药品不良反应(ADR)定义正确理解率达到98.6％;对ADR的认知及处理能力相关问题的答对率平均达到90.7％,较干预前提高了30.5％;经有效干预后93.5％的受训者了解到上级医院的ADR监测部门,98.6％的人员知晓了ADR报告制度.结论:有效的措施可以提高社区医务人员对ADR的认知度,同时有助于提高报告药品不良反应人员的专业素质,有利于及早发现ADR,避免或减少药品不良反应的损害,促进基层医院合理用药,保障公众用药安全.

目的:构建临床药师在癌痛治疗中标准化的药学服务模式并评价其有效性.方法:建立我院癌痛患者标准化药学服务流程,并制作成日常工作手册;选取2019年7月-2019年10月我院肿瘤内科收治的癌痛患者为研究对象,采用自身前后对照研究,对比干预前后患者的疼痛评分、不良反应改善情况、服药依从性、患者对临床药师认知度及满意度.结果:经过临床药师干预后,第1,2,3,7,14d时间点的疼痛评分分别为3.30、2.17、1.80、1.67、1.80分和干预前评分5.83分比较均有显著性降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);入组患者的不良反应发生率为73.3％,经临床药师有效干预后不良反应缓解率是90.9％;干预前患者依从性评分为(4.88±1.59)分,干预后评分(6.87±0.98)分,较干预前显著升高,无显著性差异(P＞0.05),但从低到高分层,干预后用药依从性与干预前相比有显著性的差异(P＜0.01);干预前患者对临床药师认知度平均分为(1.20±1.35)分,干预后认知度评分为(6.07±2.65)分,较干预前有显著性的差异(P＜0.01),同时患者对临床药师的满意度评分在(8.52±1.76)分.结论:临床药师标准化的药学服务可降低患者疼痛强度、提高镇痛药物相关不良反应缓解率及用药依从性,作为多学科癌痛治疗团队中的一员,临床药师在癌痛管理中发挥着重要作用.

<正>问:氨基糖苷类抗生素有哪些药理特点?临床适应证是什么?答:氨基糖苷类抗生素有以下良好的药理特点:①抗菌谱广。不仅对某些G+菌有效,而且对各种G-菌也有良好的抗菌作用。某些品种对铜绿假单胞菌也有良好作用,卡那霉素、链

<正>问:头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢他啶等第三代头孢菌素在抗菌谱、药动学和适应证上有哪些不同点?答:头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢他啶是临床上最为常用的第三代头孢菌素,抗菌谱较广,对G-菌和耐酶的葡萄球菌均有较好的抗菌活性。

<正>问:常用西药复方抗感冒药中都有哪些成分,有什么作用?答:解热镇痛成分:如阿司匹林、布洛芬、双氯芬酸和扑热息痛(对乙酰氨基酚)等,其中以对乙酰氨基酚最为常用。主要作用:解热镇痛,治疗感冒或流感伴发热、头痛和关节痛、肌

问氨苄西林、舒巴坦、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、替卡西林/克拉维酸、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/三唑巴坦这5种β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的复合制剂在抗菌谱、临床适应证及不良反应方面有何异同?

A 48-year-old woman was given an IV infusion of cefoperazone/sulbactam 3 g dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride injection 250 ml for treatment of bronchitis.The patient developed difficulty breathing,agitation,lips cyanosis,and unconsciousness with an unrecordable BP about 10 minutes after starting the infusion.Cefoperazone/sulbactam was discontinued immediately.Despite treatment with oxygen inhalation,adrenaline,dexamethasone,and hydrocortisone,she died.

<正>问青霉素类、头孢菌素类药物为什么1天的剂量需要分次给药?答由于青霉素类、头孢菌素类药物为繁殖期杀菌剂,多数生物半衰期较短,投药后能将繁殖期的细菌杀灭。当感染部位的药物浓度下降,原处于静止期的病原菌获得生长繁殖的

去痛片是一种常用的解热镇痛药,通过一次性口服过量去痛片自杀的病例在各地也并不少见,及时合理的救治措施对此类病人的救治十分重要.

This article brings forward the accruing problems during reporting and disposal process of the transfusion reaction within the hospital,unifies the definition of transfusion reaction,and provides strategy on how to establish the reporting and disposal system of transfusion reaction.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a quantitative preliminary evaluation of introduced drugs. METHODS: A quantitative form was designed for new drugs’ preliminary evaluation, which included many factors, such as qualification of pharmaceutical factory or company, category of drugs in medical insurance, the result of the biding drugs, comparison with other drugs of the same category, PK and PD data,special use and clinical demand. Each factor was given a definite score .If the total scores of a given drug amounted to the expected figure, this drug could pass the preliminary evaluation and enter the next step, and if not, the drug may be eliminated. RESULTSCONCLUSION: The purpose of evaluating the new drugs scientifically and objectively can be basically achieved through quantitative method, which can lessen the blindness in introduction of new drugs.

Objective: To analyse allergic reactions caused by Yuxingcao injection in clinical practice. Methods: 120 cases with allergy due to Yuxingcao injection were retrieved and analysed from"China Periodicals Database"(1994-2005.1). Results: It was shown that Yuxingcao injection-induced allergy was not related to sex and age of patients but related to route of administration(P < 0.05) intravenous infusion in particular. The main clinical symptoms were cardiac distresss dyspnea mental confusion and others featuring fast start and quick development and 92.50% of the reactions occurred within 30 minutes after treatment (P < 0.05). Among 120 cases 37 were anaphylactic shock (accounting for 30.83%) and 23 of them were severe. Conclusion: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions(such as anaphylactic shock) due to Yuxingcao injection should be paid more attention by medical staffs.

静脉输液是一种常用的给药途径.目前国内绝大多数医院仍然采用医师下医嘱,护士配制并执行医嘱的流程.由于医院静脉输液的混合涉及到药物的物理、化学、生物和药理的配伍问题,超出了护士的知识面和实际经验,由护士在病房做这项工作会发生一些重要的不利后果.根据<药品管理法>第四章二十二条规定:非药学人员不得直接从事药剂技术工作.由护士配制静脉输液是否合法有待于商磋.

患者男,64岁.因咳嗽、心前区不适3 d,于2004年5月20日到某私人诊所就诊.查体:T 36.8℃,P 80次/min,BP 140/90mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),心音低钝,双肺呼吸音粗.诊断:上呼吸道感染,冠心病.有青霉素过敏史.治疗:①生脉注射液20 mL+5%葡萄糖注射液250 mL,1次/d;②头孢噻肟钠2g+0.9%氯化钠注射液250mL,1次/d;③三磷酸腺苷40mg+辅酶A 100 U+维生素C 2g+5%葡萄糖注射液250 mL,1次/d,滴速40滴/min.使用两天,病情平稳.