Heat stress is a major limiting factor for fruit crop productivity and quality, yet the injury mechanisms in developing fruits remain poorly understood. To investigate this, tomato fruits harvested at the mature green stage were subjected to postharvest ripening under control (21 °C) and heat stress conditions (35 °C and 42 °C). At 21 °C, fruits ripened normally, developing full red coloration. In contrast, fruits exposed to 35 °C developed an orange hue due to reduced lycopene accumulation, which was attributed to suppressed precursor synthesis and increased lycopene-converting enzyme activity. At 42 °C, fruits failed to ripen altogether. Heat stress significantly disrupted hormonal dynamics: abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and auxin levels peaked prematurely and declined sharply, especially ethylene during late ripening stages, leading to impaired hormonal coordination. Additionally, heat stress triggered extensive metabolic reprogramming, with increased accumulation of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and specific amino acids, indicative of enhanced defense responses. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the activation of stress-related genes and suppression of ripening-associated pathways. Overall, our findings demonstrate that (1) heat stress accelerates ABA biosynthesis and signaling, which suppress lycopene accumulation through transcriptional and enzymatic regulation, and (2) tomato fruits prioritize stress adaptation over ripening under elevated temperatures, ultimately compromising fruit quality and marketability.

Lung cancer is a highly fatal disease that poses a significant global health burden. The absence of characteristic clinical symptoms frequently results in the diagnosis of most patients at advanced stages of lung cancer. Although low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening has become increasingly prevalent in clinical practice, its high rate of false positives continues to present a significant challenge. In addition to LDCT screening, tumor biomarker detection represents a critical approach for early diagnosis of lung cancer; unfortunately, no tumor marker with optimal sensitivity and specificity is currently available. Metabolomics has recently emerged as a promising field for developing novel tumor biomarkers. In this paper, we introduce metabolic pathways, instrument platforms, and a wide variety of sample types for lung cancer metabolomics. Specifically, we explore the strengths, limitations, and distinguishing features of various sample types employed in lung cancer metabolomics research. Additionally, we present the latest advances in lung cancer metabolomics research that utilize diverse sample types. We summarize and enumerate research studies that have investigated lung cancer metabolomics using different metabolomic sample types. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future of metabolomics research in lung cancer. Our discussion of the potential of metabolomics in developing new tumor biomarkers may inspire further study and innovation in this dynamic field.

Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling interacts frequently with auxin signaling when it regulates plant development, affecting multiple physiological processes; however, to the best of our knowledge, their interaction during tomato development has not yet been reported. Here, we found that type 2C protein phosphatase (SlPP2C2) interacts with both flavin monooxygenase FZY, an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthetic enzyme, and small auxin upregulated RNA (SAUR) of an IAA signaling protein and regulates their activity, thereby affecting the expression of IAA-responsive genes. The expression level of SlPP2C2 was increased by exogenous ABA, IAA, NaCl, or dehydration treatment of fruits, leaves, and seeds, and it decreased in imbibed seeds. Manipulating SlPP2C2 with overexpression, RNA interference, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing resulted in pleiotropic changes, such as morphological changes in leaves, stem trichomes, floral organs and fruits, accompanied by alterations in IAA and ABA levels. Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis indicated that SlPP2C2 regulates the expression of auxin-/IAA-responsive genes in different tissues of tomato. The results demonstrate that SlPP2C2-mediated ABA signaling regulates the development of both vegetative and reproductive organs via interaction with FZY/SAUR, which integrates the cross-talk of ABA and auxin signals during development and affects the expressions of development-related genes in tomato.

Diabetic foot is a common complication in diabetic patients, which can seriously affect the quality of life of diabetic patients. The diabetic foot is associated with diabetic neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease, which may lead to amputation if not managed correctly. Neuropathy, nerve ischemia and infection all play a role in determining whether the lesion heals or worsens, and most diabetic patients have foot ulcers that deteriorate into severe gangrene or infection before amputation. Undertaking scientific pharmacological treatment can improve the ongoing deterioration of the diabetic foot and thus reduce the probability of amputation. This article summarizes the progress of pharmacological treatment about diabetic foot in recent years, including western medicine treatment and Chinese medicine treatment, from three aspects of improving diabetic peripedal neuropathy, microcirculatory disorders, and ulcer healing, to provide pharmacological reference for clinical treatment of diabetic foot.

Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki Thunb.) contains numerous uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases (UGT), and their roles in fruit development and quality formation have not been well studied because of limited genetic information. This study investigated a persimmon DkUGT3 which is highly expressed in young fruits and leaves during development. DkUGT3 can catalyze ABA glycosylation to form ABA-GE, thereby reducing free ABA. Tomato with overexpressed (OE) DkUGT3 significantly induces pale green color phenotypes in both transgenic young plants and fruits. DkUGT3 -OE significantly weakens the tomato ABA signaling which affects the expressions of ABA-inducible transcriptional factors (TFs), such as GLK1 and GLK2 and their downstream target genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast development, sugar metabolism and transport, and photosynthesis, thereby impeding leaf and fruit development and quality. Conversely, DkUGT3 -RNAi-treatment recovered the OE tomato fruits from yellowing phenotype to green color. This study found that chlorophyll accumulations and ABA level were increased by DkUGT3 -RNAi-treatment in young persimmon leaves. These results demonstrate that DkUGT3 plays crucial roles in ABA-mediated leaf and fruit development. This study provides new evidence for the regulation of ABA in early development.

Tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) have been widely reported to have promising application potential; nonetheless, platelet isolation from peripheral blood is an important but neglected step in TEPs research for platelet-based liquid biopsy. In this article, we discussed some common influence factors for platelet isolation. To investigate the factors involved in platelet isolation, a prospective multicenter study was conducted on healthy Han Chinese adults (18 to 79 years of age). A total of 208 individuals were included in the final statistical analysis out of the 226 healthy volunteers who were prospectively enrolled from four hospitals. The primary study metric was the platelet recovery rate (PRR). The similar pattern was observed in the four hospitals, The PRR at room temperature (23 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C) was slightly higher than the PRR at cold temperature (4 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C). Moreover, the PRR gradually decreased as the storage time increased. The PRR for samples within 2 hours of storage is significantly higher than for samples beyond 2 hours (p < .05). Additionally, PRR was also affected by the equipment used in different centers. This study confirmed several factors that influence platelet isolation. In our study, we indicated that platelet isolation should be performed within two hours of peripheral blood draw and held at room temperature until isolation, and that centrifuge models should be fixed during the extraction process, which will further improve the research progress of platelet-based liquid biopsy in cancer.

The recent global focus on big data in medicine has been associated with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosis and decision-making following recent advances in computer technology. Up to now, AI has been applied to various aspects of medicine, including disease diagnosis, surveillance, treatment, predicting future risk, targeted interventions and understanding of the disease. There have been plenty of successful examples in medicine of using big data, such as radiology and pathology, ophthalmology cardiology and surgery. Combining medicine and AI has become a powerful tool to change health care, and even to change the nature of disease screening in clinical diagnosis. As all we know, clinical laboratories produce large amounts of testing data every day and the clinical laboratory data combined with AI may establish a new diagnosis and treatment has attracted wide attention. At present, a new concept of radiomics has been created for imaging data combined with AI, but a new definition of clinical laboratory data combined with AI has lacked so that many studies in this field cannot be accurately classified. Therefore, we propose a new concept of clinical laboratory omics (Clinlabomics) by combining clinical laboratory medicine and AI. Clinlabomics can use high-throughput methods to extract large amounts of feature data from blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta, and cast clinical laboratory test data. Then using the data statistics, machine learning, and other methods to read more undiscovered information. In this review, we have summarized the application of clinical laboratory data combined with AI in medical fields. Undeniable, the application of Clinlabomics is a method that can assist many fields of medicine but still requires further validation in a multi-center environment and laboratory.

Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates the growth and development of plants as well as their response to environmental changes. Recently, the regulations of ABA during fruit ripening and stress resistance were discovered in two types of fruits (climacteric and non-climacteric fruits). However, it is challenging to understand the physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological mechanisms in fruit ripening and stress response controlled by ABA. ABA is involved in fruit development processes, including young fruit growth, fruit ripening onset, ripening process and quality formation. Meanwhile, ABA plays an important role in fruit adapting to environmental stresses. ABA works through the adjustment of its concentration and signal transduction. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding ABA in the regulation of fruit development and ripening as well as in responses to environmental stresses.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. ATⅡ（alveolar type II cells, ATⅡ ）are a key structure of the distal lung epithelium and have a secretory function that is essential to maintain normal lung homeostasis. ATⅡ cells dedifferentiate into a cell stem-like state, which can continuous differentiation, proliferation, repair and damage, and helps initiate and maintain tumor progression. However, the potential mechanistic value of ATⅡ-associated genes as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target of NSCLC has not been fully elucidated.Methods: We used the Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) and Oncomine database to explore the expression of ATⅡ-associated genes (AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC) in NSCLCpatients. Then we euse the Kaplan Meierplotter and the GEPIA website to evaluate the prognosis of survival impact of differential expression of these genes. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between eight ATⅡ-associated genes and infiltration of immune cells using the TIMER website.Results: The expression levels of AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC were remarkably reduced in lung cancer tissues, and also observably related to clinical cancer stages. Low mRNA expression of AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC were associated with short overall survival (OS) in NSCLS patients and the low expression of CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1, PGC, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD were significantly related to a reduced progression-free survival (FP), and low CLDN18, FOXA2 and SFTPD mRNA expression led to a short post-progression survival (PPS). Moreover, the functions of the differentially expressed eight ATⅡ-associated genes were primarily related to lung development, regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, late endosome, antibacterial humoral response. Finally, the expression of AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC in LUAD and LUSC patients were significantly correlated with the infiltration of diverse immune cells, including six types of CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells.Conclusion: Our study provided strong evidence of the values of ATⅡ-associated genes (AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC) as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets in NSCLC and might provide some new inspirations to assist in the design of new immunotherapies.

Objective:To discuss the onset and development pattern and characteristics of refeeding syndrome (RFS) induced by nutrition support and to provide reference for rational drug use in parenteral nutrition management.Methods:Case reports of RFS from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP database and Pubmed from 2000 to 2020 were retrieved. The clinical data were collected and statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 17 reports, including 17 cases, were included in the analysis. Patients were 6 males(35.29%) and 11 females (64.71%). The distribution of age was from 29 weeks in a premature neonate to 87 years old. 12 cases (70.59%) of RFS occurred within 3 days after starting the nutrition support. The most common clinical manifestation were cardiovascular system symptoms (88.23%), with dyspnea as the most reported symptom (41.17%). 15 patients (88.23%) recovered after appropriate intervention and 2 patients died(11.76%).Conclusions:Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal condition. The risk of RFS should be assessed before initiating nutrition support. Patients at risk of RFS must be monitored closely at the early stage of nutritional support.

目的 为抗菌药物的临床使用提供参考.方法 比较2018年版和2012年版《国家基本药物目录》(以下简称《目录》)中抗菌药物的品种、剂型及规格,梳理2018年版《目录》中增删的抗菌药物,分析调整的原因.结果 与2012年版《目录》比较,2018年版《目录》品种增加了哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠、米诺环素、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B、莫西沙星、卡泊芬净和小檗碱(黄连素),减少了地红霉素和制霉素;在剂型和规格方面,增加了氟康唑分散片0.05g和0.1g2种规格,减少了利福平片0.3g的规格,增加了克林霉素片和胶囊0.075 g规格及分散片0.075 g和0.15 g 2种规格.结论 2018年版《目录》中抗菌药物的品种、剂型和规格比2012年版《目录》更齐全且合理,更符合临床需求.

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant development mainly through its signaling, in which ABA binds to receptors to inhibit type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs). The exact roles of PP2Cs in fruit development are still unclear. In this work, we verify that tomato SlPP2C5 works as a negative regulator in ABA signaling during fruit development. SlPP2C5 was inhibited by both monomeric and dimeric ABA receptors SlPYLs through ABA dose-dependent way, and it interacted physically with SlPYLs and SlSnRK2s. SlPP2C5 was highly expressed in fruits induced by exogenous ABA. Plants with overexpressed SlPP2C5 had lower sensitivity to ABA, which showed faster seed germination and primary root growth compared to Wild type (WT), while SlPP2C5-suppressed plants were more sensitive to ABA. SlPP2C5-over-expression (OE) delayed fruit ripening onset, while SlPP2C5-RNAi advanced fruit ripening. Alteration of SlPP2C5 expression impacts fruit quality parameters as well, including pericarp thickness, fruit shape index, seed number and weight and the soluble solid content. RNA-seq analysis revealed that there were significant expression differences of genes related to ethylene release and lycopene synthesis between WT and both SlPP2C5-OE and SlPP2C5-RNAi lines with an inversed variation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SlPP2C5 plays an important role in the regulation of fruit development, ripening and quality.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in coordinating physiological processes during fresh fruit ripening. Binding of ABA to receptors facilitates the interaction and inhibition of type 2C phosphatase (PP2C) co-receptors. However, the exact mechanism of PP2C during fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, we determined the role of the tomato ABA co-receptor type 2C phosphatase SlPP2C3, a negative regulator of ABA signaling and fruit ripening. SlPP2C3 selectively interacted with monomeric ABA receptors and SlSnRK2.8 kinase in both yeast and tobacco epidermal cells. Expression of SlPP2C3 was ABA-inducible, which was negatively correlated with fruit ripening. Tomato plants with suppressed SlPP2C3 expression exhibited enhanced sensitivity to ABA, while plants overexpressing SlPP2C3 were less sensitive to ABA. Importantly, lack of SlPP2C3 expression accelerated the onset of fruit ripening and affected fruit glossiness by altering the outer epidermis structure. There was a significant difference in the expression of cuticle-related genes in the pericarp between wild-type and SlPP2C3-suppressed lines based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SlPP2C3 plays an important role in the regulation of fruit ripening and fruit glossiness in tomato.

目的:建立万古霉素、美罗培南及替加环素的药物利用评价(DUE)标准,评价3种药物在本院重症医学科(ICU)的临床用药现状.方法:根据药品说明书、相关规范和各专家共识制定3种特殊使用级抗菌药物的药物利用评价标准;对2018年9月～2019年4月本院ICU使用万古霉素、美罗培南和替加环素的病例进行回顾性研究与合理性评价.结果:共纳入应用万古霉素、美罗培南及替加环素患者233例,3种抗菌药物使用总计269次.经评估本院万古霉素、美罗培南及替加环素应用基本合理,但仍有一些指标存在一定问题,如特殊使用级抗菌药物专家小组成员会诊率仅78.81％,病原学检测阳性检出率仅41.77％,给药疗程合理率仅82.16％.结论:建立的万古霉素、美罗培南及替加环素的药物利用评价标准可用于规范以上3种特殊使用级抗菌药物,本院万古霉素、美罗培南及替加环素的使用存在一些不足,但基本合理.

目的 探讨医院静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)电话通讯服务的优化措施,以提升服务质量和沟通效率.方法 统计青岛大学附属医院PIVAS 2017年1—6月(改进前)临床满意度,收集青岛大学附属医院PIVAS 2017年7月1—31日(改进前)每日电话通信信息,记录通话时间、沟通科室和通话内容.针对各类通话内容进行优化.统计各临床科室的日均通话时间和常见通话内容,根据各临床科室实际情况,设立多个小组分析讨论后,到相应科室进行沟通和培训.收集2017年10月1—31日(改进后)每日电话通信相关信息,统计2018年1—6月(改进后)临床满意度,比较改进效果.结果 优化后临床科室对我院PIV-AS电话通信服务的满意度由78.3％提升至94.2％,日均通话时间由62.080 min降至31.313 min.结论 优化电话通讯服务,有利于PIVAS更好地为临床服务、降低医院消耗成本,有利于提高临床满意度.

Summaryβ‐Glucosidases (BG) are present in many plant tissues. Among these, abscisic acid (ABA) β‐glucosidases are thought to take part in the adjustment of cellular ABA levels, however the role of ABA‐BG in fruits is still unclear. In this study, through RNA‐seq analysis of persimmon fruit, 10 full‐length DkBG genes were isolated and were all found to be expressed. In particular, DkBG1 was highly expressed in persimmon fruits with a maximum expression 95 days after full bloom (DAFD). We verified that, in vitro, DkBG1 protein can hydrolyze ABA‐glucose ester (ABA‐GE) to release free ABA. Compared with wild‐type, tomato plants that overexpressed DkBG1 significantly upregulated the expression of ABA receptor PYL3/7 genes and showed typical symptoms of ABA hypersensitivity in fruits. DkBG1 overexpression (DkBG1‐OE) accelerated fruit ripening onset by 3–4 days by increasing ABA levels at the pre‐breaker stage and induced early ethylene release compared with wild‐type fruits. DkBG1‐OE altered the expression of ripening regulator NON‐RIPENING (NOR) and its target genes; this in turn altered fruit quality traits such as coloration. Our results demonstrated that DkBG1 plays an important role in fruit ripening and quality by adjusting ABA levels via hydrolysis of ABA‐GE.

新型冠状病毒是继严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒和中东呼吸综合症冠状病毒后又一能引发严重急性呼吸道疾病且具有严重传染性的病毒,其所引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎尚无特效疗法.新型冠状病毒属于β属的冠状病毒,有包膜,可通过S-蛋白与人体ACE2相互作用感染肺上皮细胞,传染源主要是新型冠状病毒感染的患者,无症状感染者也可能成为传染源,经呼吸道飞沫和接触传播是主要的传播途径.新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗时可选用α-干扰素、洛匹那韦/利托那韦、瑞德西韦、阿比多尔和达芦那韦、氯喹等抗病毒治疗药物、糖皮质激素、康复患者血浆;要避免盲目或不恰当使用抗菌药物,尤其是联合使用广谱抗菌药物.藿香正气胶囊(丸、水、口服液)、金花清感颗粒、连花清瘟胶囊(颗粒)、疏风解毒胶囊(颗粒)、清肺排毒汤、喜炎平注射液、血必净注射液、参附注射液、生脉注射液、透解祛瘟颗粒等中医药疗法可用于新型冠状病毒肺炎患者不同疾病阶段的治疗.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in coordinating physiological processes during fresh fruit ripening. ABA can bind to ABA receptors which interacts and inhibits their co-receptors type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs). However, the dissected mechanism of PP2C during fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, we identify the role of SlPP2C3, a tomato type 2C phosphatase, as a negative regulator of ABA signaling and fruit ripening. SlPP2C3 selectively interacted with monomeric ABA receptors and SlSnRK2.8 kinase in both yeast and tobacco epidermal cells. Expressions of SlPP2C3 were observed in all tissues, and it negatively correlated with the fruit ripening which was induced by exogenous ABA. Tomato plants with suppressed SlPP2C3 expression exhibited enhanced sensitivity to ABA, while SlPP2C3 over-expressed plants were less sensitive to ABA. Meaningfully, lack of SlPP2C3 expression causes the acceleration of fruit ripening onset via the alternation of ABA signaling activity, and the fruit gloss is affected by the changes of outer epidermis structure. RNA-seq analysis found significant different expression of cuticle-related genes in pericarp between wild-type and SlPP2C3 suppressed lines. Taken together, our finding demonstrate that SlPP2C3 plays an important role in the regulation of fruit ripening and fruit appearance quality in tomato.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential endogenous messenger during plant development and in stress responses. Recently, the role of ABA in both climacteric and nonclimacteric fruit ripening regulation was revealed. However, the genetic, molecular and physiological mechanisms of ABA in fruit ripening regulation is still not completely understood. ABA is involved in a wide range of fruit development processes, including fruit ripening onset, ripening process and fruit quality trait. In addition, ABA plays a significant role in responses to abiotic stress and the promotion of water efficiency in fruit. The biological effect of ABA depends on its concentration and signal transduction. This article summarises the latest discoveries of the roles of ABA in fruit development and ripening as well as in responses to abiotic stress.