突发公共卫生事件是指突然发生,造成或可能造成社会公众健康严重损害的重大传染病疫情、群体性不明原因疾病、重大食物和职业中毒以及其他严重影响公众健康的事件[1].具有突发性强、破坏力大、涉及范围广和危害严重等特点,日益受到社会关注.了解山西省突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征及其规律,为提高社会公众健康水平,提升卫生应急处置能力提供科学依据,现对山西省2010—2019年报告的突发公共卫生事件特征分析如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 资料来源:来自2010—2019年山西省通过"国家突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统"网报的所有突发公共卫生事件信息.

目的 了解山西省2010-2019年学校突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,探讨具有针对性的有效预防控制措施.方法 采用横断面研究方法,利用"突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统"对2010-2019年山西省报告的学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征进行描述,并对不同学校突发公共卫生事件罹患率进行比较分析.结果 2010-2019年山西省报告学校突发公共卫生事件243起,其中未分级事件占72.02％(175/243).事件主要类型为传染病疫情,占所有突发公共卫生事件的88.89％(216/243),其中居前三位的病种为水痘、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病.事件报告高峰期为3-6月及10-12月.事件报告的主要场所为小学和托幼机构,分别占事件总数的58.02％ (141/243)和20.99％(51/243).城市学校报告事件数高于县镇、农村同类型学校,而罹患率低于县镇、农村同类型学校(托幼机构x2=50.216,P＜0.001;小学x2=420.184,P＜0.001;初中x2=279.929,P＜0.001;高中x2=47.532,P＜0.001).结论 春季、秋季开学后一个月将进入学校突发公共卫生事件的流行高峰,应重点防控农村小学和幼托机构的传染病疫情.

传染病类突发公共卫生事件具有严重的社会经济危害性,甚至危及人类生命健康[7].本文旨在通过构建山西省传染病类突发公共卫生事件发生频率的Poisson分布模型,从中获得相应的事件频次概率分布特征规律,进而为指导山西省传染病突发公共卫生事件预测及应急准备提供借鉴.

目的 了解山西省乙型肝炎报告发病率的时空分布特征,为乙肝防控策略提供依据.方法 收集山西省2013～2017年119个县(市/区)乙肝的发病率等数据,描述乙肝发病的时间、空间分布特征,通过GeoDa 1.2.0和SaTScan 9.6软件进行空间自相关性和扫描统计量分析,寻找乙肝发病的热(冷)点地区及其空间变化趋势,分析其时空聚集性,并对高聚集区进行趋势预测.结果 2013～2017年山西省5年间报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势;乙肝发病率呈空间正相关(Moran's I系数为0.544～0.725,P＜0.01),高-高聚集区域集中在运城市各县(市/区)和侯马市(RR =2.99,LLR=16 944.75,P＜0.01);时间序列拟合模型效果较好,2018年高聚集区发病率将进一步降低.结论 2013～2017年山西省乙肝发病无明显季节分布特征,在空间上呈聚集性分布,预测模型拟合精度高.

目的 了解山西省学生营养现状,筛查学生超重、肥胖、消瘦、生长迟缓,评价学生群体的健康、成长和发展状况,为营养教育和干预提供依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2019年9月在山西省11个市22个区县抽取不同学龄段的学生进行体格测量与问卷调查,对学生营养状况进行比较分析.结果 调查学生46 874人,超重率为15.55％,肥胖率为13.10％,轻度消瘦率为3.25％,中重度消瘦率为1.88％,生长迟缓率为0.41％.男生超重率(17.55％)和肥胖率(16.29％)均高于女生(13.61％、9.99％)(P＜0.01);男生轻度消瘦率(3.97％)和中重度消瘦率(2.02％)高于女生(2.56％、1.73％)(P＜0.01);经济发展水平处于中区超重率高(15.64％),处于好区肥胖率高(15.76％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);普通高中超重率(17.40％)高于其他学段、小学肥胖率(16.16％)高于其他学段(P＜0.01);职业高中轻度消瘦率(4.49％)和中重度消瘦率(3.13％)均高于其他学段学生(P＜0.01);职业高中生长迟缓率(0.82％)高于其他学段学生(P＜0.01).结论 山西省学生的营养状况不容乐观,肥胖和营养不良并存.

Objective:By analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Shanxi Province, to provide scientific evidence of strategies for effective prevention and control of the disease.Methods:Surveillance data of human brucellosis from "Infectious Disease Report Information Management System" from 2008 to 2017 were statistically analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. The time, regional and occupational distribution of brucellosis were analyzed.Results:A total of 54 845 cases of brucellosis occurred in Shanxi Province from 2008 to 2017. The average annual incidence was 15.37/100 000, fluctuated from 8.34/100 000 to 23.53/100 000. One death case was reported in 2015. The highest incidence was 23.53/100 000 in 2014 and the lowest reported incidence was 8.34/100 000 in 2017. Regional distribution range relatively focused on the north areas of Shanxi Province, the number of reported cases of Datong City was the largest (13 998 cases), accounting for 25.52%. The reported incidence of Shuozhou City was the highest (49.68/100 000). The disease was found each month throughout the year, the obvious incidence peak seasons were between March and July, accounting for 60.11% (32 966/54 845).The disease was most commonly found in 40-64 age groups (64.73%, 35 502/54 845). Occupational distribution of patients was mainly farmers (82.97%, 45 504/54 845).Conclusions:The epidemiology tendency of brucellosis in Shanxi Province is relatively controlled comparing with previous period, but even highly active in some local areas. The epidemic situation has spreading in both scope and population. It is necessary to carry out the propaganda of the protection knowledge of brucellosis in the key groups and enhance the self-protection consciousness of high-risk groups.

目的 分析山西省儿童布鲁杆菌病(简称布病)的流行情况,为制订防治措施和政府决策提供科学依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,收集山西省2008-2017年“传染病报告信息管理系统”中布病数据,分析儿童布病的时间、地区、人群分布.结果 2008-2017年山西省共报告1 186例儿童布病,年平均发病率为1.93/10万,其中2017年报告发病率最低为0.96/10万.大同市报告病例最多为253例,占总病例数的21.33％.7～14岁年龄组儿童居多,共占总病例数的55.31％.每年各月均有发病,发病高峰集中在4～8月.学生病例最多,占病例总数的50.59％.发病至诊断的时间间隔中位数是18 d(0～605 d),发病至诊断时间间隔7d以内的病例数呈现逐年增加趋势(趋势2=4.47,P＜0.05).市级医院报告病例的比例呈逐年上升趋势(趋势2=4.98,P＜0.05),县级医院报告病例的比例呈逐年下降趋势(趋势2=8.64,P＜0.05).结论 山西省儿童布病疫情处于较低水平,需要提高易感人群的防护意识,提高基层医疗机构的布病诊疗水平,开展布病的发病危险因素调查,为今后实施有针对性的防控措施提供科学依据.

死因监测是居民病伤死亡原因监测,死因监测数据是公共卫生信息最重要和最基本的信息之一,死亡原因资料可以反映一个地区的居民健康状况和卫生状况,是评估人群健康状况的重要指标, 通过对全省2017年死因监测点的资料进行统计分析,掌握监测地区人群健康的死亡水平、死亡原因、死亡顺位等指标,找出主要危害人群健康的疾病,为制订社会经济发展规划、评价居民健康水平、优化卫生资源配置提供重要依据. 报告如下.

Overexpressed Aurora-A kinase promotes tumor growth through various pathways, but whether Aurora-A is also involved in metabolic reprogramming-mediated cancer progression remains unknown. Here, we report that Aurora-A directly interacts with and phosphorylates lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), a subunit of the tetrameric enzyme LDH that catalyzes the interconversion between pyruvate and lactate. Aurora-A-mediated phosphorylation of LDHB serine 162 significantly increases its activity in reducing pyruvate to lactate, which efficiently promotes NAD + regeneration, glycolytic flux, lactate production and bio-synthesis with glycolytic intermediates. Mechanistically, LDHB serine 162 phosphorylation relieves its substrate inhibition effect by pyruvate, resulting in remarkable elevation in the conversions of pyruvate and NADH to lactate and NAD + . Blocking S162 phosphorylation by expression of a LDHB-S162A mutant inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in cancer cells and xenograft models. This study uncovers a function of Aurora-A in glycolytic modulation and a mechanism through which LDHB directly contributes to the Warburg effect.

The presence of DNA in the cytoplasm is normally a sign of microbial infections and is quickly detected by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to elicit anti-infection immune responses. However, chronic activation of cGAS by self-DNA leads to severe autoimmune diseases for which no effective treatment is available yet. Here we report that acetylation inhibits cGAS activation and that the enforced acetylation of cGAS by aspirin robustly suppresses self-DNA-induced autoimmunity. We find that cGAS acetylation on either Lys384, Lys394, or Lys414 contributes to keeping cGAS inactive. cGAS is deacetylated in response to DNA challenges. Importantly, we show that aspirin can directly acetylate cGAS and efficiently inhibit cGAS-mediated immune responses. Finally, we demonstrate that aspirin can effectively suppress self-DNA-induced autoimmunity in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) patient cells and in an AGS mouse model. Thus, our study reveals that acetylation contributes to cGAS activity regulation and provides a potential therapy for treating DNA-mediated autoimmune diseases.

With their targeting abilities,small sid-effects and low toxicity,antibody drugs could be directly combined with target specific,and they have broad application prospects in clinical practice.With its rapidness,high sensitivity and resolution,mass spectrometry(MS) has become an important means to analyze the structure of antibody,which provides a strong technical support for quality control and safety of the drug.In this paper,the rapid application development of organic mass spectrometry in the consistency of the amino acid sequence of antibody class,advanced structure and post translational modification (PTMs) are reviewed.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and understanding its molecular pathogenesis is pivotal to managing this disease. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) is an optimal proteomic strategy to seek crucial proteins involved in HCC development and progression. In this study, a quantitative proteomic study of tumour and adjacent non-tumour liver tissues was performed using a SWATH-MS strategy. In total, 4,216 proteins were reliably quantified, and 338 were differentially expressed, with 191 proteins up-regulated and 147 down-regulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumourous tissues. Functional analysis revealed distinct pathway enrichment of up- and down-regulated proteins. The most significantly down-regulated proteins were involved in metabolic pathways. Notably, our study revealed sophisticated metabolic reprogramming in HCC, including alteration of the pentose phosphate pathway; serine, glycine and sarcosine biosynthesis/metabolism; glycolysis; gluconeogenesis; fatty acid biosynthesis; and fatty acid β-oxidation. Twenty-seven metabolic enzymes, including PCK2, PDH and G6PD, were significantly changed in this study. To our knowledge, this study presents the most complete view of tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in HCC, identifying hundreds of differentially expressed proteins, which together form a rich resource for novel drug targets or diagnostic biomarker discovery.

A 52-week feeding study in cynomolgus macaques was carried out to evaluate the safety of Bt rice Huahui 1 (HH1), a transgenic rice line expressing Cry1Ab/1Ac protein. Monkeys were fed a diet with 20% or 60% HH1 rice, 20% or 60% parental rice (Minghui 63, MH63), normal diet, normal diet spiked with purified recombinant Cry1Ab/1Ac fusion protein or bovine serum albumin (BSA) respectively. During the feeding trail, clinical observations were conducted daily, and multiple parameters, including body weight, body temperature, electrocardiogram, hematology, blood biochemistry, serum metabolome and gut microbiome were examined at regular intervals. Upon sacrifice, the organs were weighted, and the macroscopic, microscopic and electron microscopic examinations were performed. The results show no adverse or toxic effects of Bt rice HH1 or Cry1Ab/1Ac fusion protein on monkeys. Therefore, the present 52-week primate feeding study suggests that the transgenic rice containing Cry 1Ab/1Ac is equivalent to its parental rice line MH63.

Objective Under the methodology of differential proteomics and bioinformatics,the impact of the exogenous gene on the expression of rice in the proteome is discussed,aiming to explore into the study of genetically modified rice in the proteomics. Methods The total protein was extracted from genetically modified rice Huahui No.1(HH1) and non-transgenic rice Minghui 63 (MH63),the method of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was applied to generate corresponding proteome two-dimensional poly?acrylamide gel(2D-PAGE)electrophoresis spectrum;then,the mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis were conducted after the selection of protein spots with significant differences. Results The comparing and matching of protein spots between transgenic Bt (cry1Ab/1Ac)rice and non-transgenic rice 2D-PAGE profiles identified 28 protein spots with significant differences. With non-trans?genic rice as a reference,transgenic Bt rice held 18 relatively high and 10 relatively low expressions;mass spectrometry and bioinfor?matics retrieval were made on the different protein spots. It was found that the differentiated protein was mainly involved in energy me?tabolism,protein synthesis,redox stress response and other biological processes. Conclusion Differences exist between transgenic Bt HH1 and its parental rice MH63 on the expression of proteome;however,there are neither anti-nutritional and allergenic protein, nor new or toxic proteins among these differentiated proteins.

基于GC-TOF/MS技术对来源于两个不同产地的转Bt基因及其亲本大米进行了代谢组学研究.从大米样本中共检出774个色谱峰,鉴定出278种代谢产物,包括糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸及有机酸等代谢产物.对转Bt基因及其亲本大米进行主成分分析,结果表明,转Bt基因与亲本大米的代谢组之间无明显差异性,进一步对数据进行偏最小二乘判别分析和方差分析,仅甘油和鼠李糖两种代谢产物浓度在转Bt基因大米及其亲本大米间存在一定差异(分别升高1.55和3.32倍);考察了不同产地对大米代谢组的影响,结果表明武汉和海南两个产地的大米代谢组之间存在明显差异,有15种代谢产物在不同产地的亲本大米之间以及不同产地的转基因大米之间均发生显著变化.应用GC-TOF/MS技术对来源于不同产地的转Bt基因大米及其亲本大米的代谢组进行比较研究,结果表明引入外源Bt基因对实验中的水稻机体内代谢未产生明显影响,产地差异造成的大米间代谢组差异比引入外源Bt基因造成的大米间代谢组差异更为显著.

目的:探讨光稳定性试验在上市药品质量标准研究的应用.方法:按照ICH药物光稳定性试验指导原则,依据盐酸洛美沙星的质量标准,考察光强制破坏条件下,盐酸洛美沙星原料、片剂和胶囊剂的稳定性及其盐酸洛美沙星溶液的光降解动力学.结果:经HPLC检测可知,原料、片剂和胶囊剂直接光照15 d,固体样品主成分基本稳定;原料、片剂和胶囊剂的溶液光照24 h不稳定,有杂质产生;溶出度测定溶液光照24 h,降解动力学拟合符合0.5级动力学方程;含量测定供试品溶液光照24h,降解动力学拟合符合1级动力学方程.结论:光稳定性试验不仅可用于上市前的药品评价,亦可为上市药品质量标准研究提供数据支持.

传染病是危害人类健康的主要疾病之一。近年来随着经济、文化的发展，传染病流行模式也发生了相应的变化，本文根据山西省传染病疫情资料，分析山西省1999—2013年法定传染病流行状况和特征，掌握其分布规律和流行趋势，为制定和完善传染病防治策略和措施提供科学依据。