目的:探讨5周间歇递增负荷有氧耐力训练对患原发性高血压中老年男性的降压效果.方法:将15名患原发性高血压的中老年男性分为两组,原发性高血压5周训练组(n=8)及原发挂高血压对照组(n=7);选择最大强度为35.9±2.7%每分钟最大摄氧量(VO2max)、纯持续时间为40min,每周3次,持续5周的间歇递增负荷功率自行车有氧耐力训练作为运动方案;测量血压及血脂指标.结果:5周间歇递增负荷有氧耐力训练后,怠原发性高血压中老年男性安静状态下有收缩压(SBP)的显著下降.运动负荷状态下SBP、舒张压(DBP)均有显著降低.包括甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆目醇/低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C/LDL-C)在内的血脂指标均有改善.结论:5周间歇递增负荷有氧耐力训练降压效果显著,并能显著改善患原发性高血压中老年男性的血脂水平.

目的探讨一次性间歇递增负荷有氧耐力运动对原发性高血压(EH)中老年人的降压效果。方法将15名EH中老年人分为两组,一次性运动组(n=8)及对照组(n=7),以最大强度为(35.9±2.7)%每分钟最大摄氧量(VO2max)、纯持续时间为40 min的间歇递增负荷功率自行车有氧耐力运动为运动方案,检测两组患者血压、血脂及血流变学改变。结果一次性间歇递增负荷有氧耐力运动可显著降低收缩压(SBP),且于运动后30 min时最为显著;甘油三酯(TG)显著下降,血流变学指标无显著改变。结论一次性间歇递增负荷有氧耐力运动适合于中老年EH患者,虽对机体形成一定程度的刺激,但不会导致机体脂代谢和血流变学的显著改变,是一种较为安全的运动。

目的探讨力量训练对2型糖尿病的治疗作用。方法对2型糖尿病患者(运动组)8w力量训练前、后血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、胰岛素敏感性、血脂、体重指数(BMI)进行分析,并与同等条件的对照组进行对比。结果运动组训练后血糖、胰岛素、HbA1C、BMI明显降低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),胰岛素敏感性显著增加,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);对照组无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论8w力量训练对2型糖尿病患者糖代谢具有明显改善作用。

目的 探讨有氧运动对2型糖尿病的治疗作用.方法 对2型糖尿病患者(运动组)8周有氧训练前、后血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、胰岛素敏感性、血脂、体重指数(BMI)、最大摄氧量(VO2max)进行分析,并与同等条件的对照组进行对比.结果 运动组训练后血糖、胰岛素、HbA1C、总胆固醇(TC)、BMI明显降低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),胰岛素敏感性显著增加,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);对照组无明显变化(P>0.05);不同的BMI患者间差异无统计学意义( P>0.05).结论 8周有氧运动对2型糖尿病患者糖、脂代谢具有明显改善作用.

To examine the influence of blood lactate (LA) and blood glucose (BG) after a short-time incremental graded exercise to exhaustion on serum growth hormone (GH) concentrations; We measured serum LA,BG and GH concentrations in 10 healthy freshmen (male, 20.70±0.82 years). Blood samples were obtained before exercise and then 0 (immediately), 30, 60 min post exercise; The results were that LA concentrations at the 0 and 30 min post exercise were significantly higher (P0.01) than pre-exercise, and subsequently declined back to baseline by 60 min; At 0 min post exercise, BG concentration was significantly higher than pre-exercise, and no significant differences among pre-exercise, 30 and 60 min post exercise. The changes in LA was significantly positive correlation with serum GH concentration after a short-time incremental graded exercise(r=0.83, P0.01),this correlation maybe is the correlation that both GH and LA were found with exerciser intensity. The response of the GH-BG metabolism is governed by the changes in BG at rest, whereas it may depend on the total quantity of glucose released or utilized.

作者在研究2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 2DM)的体育医疗及其生理机制中注意到磺脲受体(SUR1)基因被认为与2DM有相当关联.为探讨运动干预对SUR1基因多态性的影响,则需首先阐明SUR1基因的属性及其导致2DM发病的可能机制.

采用DEXA技术测量人体成分,并对测量的瘦体重、脂肪含量与骨矿物质含量进行了相关分析.结果显示,受试者全身骨矿物质含量与全身瘦体重、脂肪含量、体重均呈中度正相关关系;双臂骨矿物质含量与双臂瘦体重、脂肪含量呈高度正相关关系;双腿骨矿物质含量与双腿瘦体重呈高度正相关关系,与双腿脂肪含量呈中度相关关系;躯干骨矿物质含量与躯干瘦体重呈中度正相关关系,与躯干脂肪含量呈低度正相关关系.全身及各个部位的骨矿物质含量与相应部位的体成分的相关分析表明,用DEXA技术进行身体成分的研究是有可行的.

目的和方法:以8名健康男性受试者为实验对象,以中等强度(70%VO2max)跑台耐力运动至疲劳为运动模型,观察中等强度一次长时间疲劳性运动对雄激素分泌活动的影响,并探讨口服不饱和脂肪酸对疲劳运动时血清雄激素水平的影响.结果:一次长时间疲劳性运动后,血清总睾酮(total testosterone,TT)和游离睾酮(free testosterone,FT)水平明显下降;服用亚油酸(linoleicacid,LA)运动至疲劳后,FT水平增加,较未服用LA组FT水平有显著性差异.结论:一次长时间疲劳运动导致雄激素水平及其生物活性的降低,而不饱和脂肪酸可能影响血清中FT水平.不饱和脂肪酸可能通过改变运动后内源性雄激素的分布状态,改变疲劳运动后低水平的雄激素活性状态,对机体运动能力的提高和疲劳的恢复具有生理学的意义.

Aims: The atherosclerosis (AS) model of mice was set up induced with hyper cholesterol diet. Transmission electron microscopic was used to observe the effect of aerobic exercise on the mice aorta with hyper cholesterol diet. Methods:Nineteen C57B6 mice were divided into control group (n=10) with hyper cholesterol diet and the group of hyper cholesterol diet plus exercise (n=9). After 12 weeks of the experiment, the aortas were stained with uranium acetate and citrate, observed with electron microscopic. Results:The endothelium and smooth muscle of aorta of group of hyper cholesterol diet were damaged severely,while the aorta of control group were only damaged slightly. Conclusions:The present observation showed that aerobic exercise could decrease or prevent hyper thrombinemia and significantly decrease cholesterol sediment and pathological damage.

利用自旋标记电子自旋共振(ESR)技术,测定急性运动中及不同时程恢复期血浆抗坏血酸自由基(AFR)和脂质过氧化水平(MDA)的改变,同时观察红细胞膜(RBCM)脂流动性的变化.结果表明:血浆AFR信号强度和MDA水平在力竭运动后即刻均显著升高(均P＜0.005),运动后30min仍维持高水平(均P＜0.05),随后二者逐渐恢复,呈平行变化.RBCM脂尾部流动性在短时间中等强度运动(三级负荷末)即有明显下降(P＜0.05),运动后恢复期进行性加重,并于运动后12小时达非常显著改变(P＜0.01);此时膜脂头部流动性也明显下降(P＜0.05),之后二者均有恢复趋势;提示递增负荷力竭性运动对RBCM脂流动性有重要影响,并且在运动诱导的氧化应激中,AFR可作为一个有效的抗氧化指标,同时也反映了运动过程中及恢复期机体氧化、抗氧化系统的动态平衡.

VO2max,running economy, echocardiog raphic profiles and mtDNA D-loop RELP were determined in 36 pre-pubertal boys. The results of this study are consistent with those previously published by us, i.e. the variation of human VO2max may be explained partially by some gene tic profiles in mtDNA D-loop region, whereas it seems to have no effect on runn ing economy.VO2max is associated with running economy significantly for bo ys, but the two parameters may not be controlled by the same mechanism. Besides the initial values of the maximal aerobic power in the young subjects are likely affected mainly by central mechanism.

Taken a chronic swimming training as aerobic exercise model,we measured the influences of Long-term aerobic exercise-induced on MDA and SOD in serum and liver of the 22-month trained group rats (22T).Compared with the same indexes of the young control group rats (CON), and the 22-month control group rats (22 CON). We found out that:Compared with the CON,the 22 CON'S serum MDA decreased by 26.85%(P0.05),the serum SOD decreased by 11.6%(P0.05),the liver MDA decreased by 9.2%(P0.05),the liver SOD decreased by 1.3%(P0.5);Compared with the CON,the 22 T'S serum MDA decreased by 72.9%(P0 01),the serum SOD decreased by 15.1%(P0.05),the liver MDA decreased by 35.8% (P0.01), the liver SOD increased by 2.1% (P0.01);compared with the 22 CON,the 22 T's serum MDA decreased by 63 5%(P0.01),the serum SOD decreased by 4%(P0.05),the liver MDA decreased by 29.3%(P0.05),the liver SOD increased by 3.5%(P0.01%).

AIM:To analysis the sequence variation of the origin region (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in elite endurance athletes and sedentary subjects in order to find the genetic markers related with performance.METHODS:Using a new established PCR method by virtue of tracing sample analysis, the restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of D-loop in mtDNA was assessed in 76 elite Chinese endurance athletes (EEA), 33 endurance athletes with average-level(GEA) and 20 sedentary control(sc).RESULTS:There is a significant difference in distribution of the polymorphism in mtDNA D-loop between the EEA and SC(chi 2 = 33.3, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:The sequence variation of D-loop region of mtDNA in the elite endurance athletes may contribute to the individual difference in aerobic performance and trainability.

以大鼠递增负荷力竭性运动为模型,利用低温电子自旋共振(ESR)技术,分别测定安静时、运动过程中、运动后即刻、运动后恢复期30min、2h、4h及8h脑组织的氧自由基(OFR)信号强度,同时测定SOD活力和MDA含量.结果显示:脑组织在运动过程中OFR信号强度逐渐增加,并具有运动强度依赖的阶段性,恢复期4小时达到高峰;SOD活性运动时无明显改变,恢复期2h升至峰值;脂质过氧化水平(MDA)在整个运动过程中及恢复期无显著变化.提示该运动模型所引起的脂质过氧化尚未累及中枢神经系统,并且脑组织可能存在重要而有效的抗氧化体系.

以大鼠增负荷力竭性运动为模型,利用低温电子自旋共振(SER)技术,分别于安静时、运动中、运动后即刻、运动后30min、2h、4h、8h提取大鼠肾组织,测定氧自由基(OFR)信号强度,同时测定SOD活力和MDA含量,结果表明:①运动后恢复期30min,肾脏OFR信号强度升高明显,提示运动性肾缺血及恢复期再灌注诱导的黄嘌呤氧化酶机制可能是肾组织OFR生成的主要来源;②在运动过程中及恢复期OFR改变与SOD变化趋势基本吻合,提示肾内源性SOD在防止OFR损伤中起重要作用;③肾脏MDA于运动后2h出现峰值,而OFR则于恢复期30min升至最高,说明除肾脏自身产生活性氧诱导脂质过氧化以外,其它部位转移的MDA也许占很大比重.

为深入探讨AS的运动医疗防治机理,应用电镜技术对实验性高胆固醇血症小鼠主动脉壁超微结构的病理变化及有氧运动对主动脉壁超微结构的影响进行了观察.结果显示,在致AS的高胆固醇饮食条件下,AS组小鼠主动脉壁呈现明显的AS病变,而经11周有氧耐力训练的HE组小鼠主动脉病变程度远比AS组轻微.表明有氧运动能明确地减少主动脉壁胆固醇的沉着及其相关病损,从而有效地阻抑AS病变的发生.

以大鼠渐增负荷力竭性跑台跑为运动性疲劳模型，观察了运动后大鼠骨骼肌线粒体电子漏和质子漏的变化。测定线粒体超氧阴离子生成量和脂质过氧化水平。分别测定线粒体以苹果酸＋谷氨酸和以琥珀酸为底物的态4呼吸、态3呼吸、呼吸控制比及磷氧比。结果表明，运动性疲劳状态下大鼠骨骼肌线粒体超氧阴离子生成增加，脂质过氧化水平也显著增加；以苹果酸十谷氨酸或以琥珀酸为底物的态4呼吸速率明显加快，呼吸控制比、磷氧比显著下降。结果提示，力竭性运动后下大鼠骨骼肌线粒体电子漏导致线粒体质子漏增多，是运动性疲劳状态下线粒体氧化磷酸化偶联程度下降的重要因素。实验结果支持电子漏引起质子漏的假说。

以SD大鼠递增负荷急性力竭跑台运动为疲劳模型,分别测定了运动后即刻肝脏线粒体:(1)超氧阴离子()生成及膜脂质过氧化水平;(2)呼吸链复合体Ⅰ+Ⅲ和Ⅱ+Ⅲ电子传递与质子泵出比值(H+/2e).结果表明:线粒体电子漏()和膜脂质过氧化水平(MDA含量)显著增加(P<0.05);苹果酸及谷氨酸和琥珀酸两种呼吸底物启动的呼吸链复合体Ⅰ+Ⅲ和Ⅱ+Ⅲ的总H+/2e分别降低18.63和15.89%(均P<0.001).研究提示,线粒体电子漏是运动性内源自由基的重要来源,而且线粒体电子传递-质子转移之间的偶联破坏与运动诱导线粒体电子漏生成增多有关.