Eucommia ulmoides Oliver has been used extensively in many fields. To satisfy increasing demand, great efforts must be made to further improve its traits. However, limited information is available on these traits, which is a factor that restricts their improvement. To improve traits directionally, nine clones were assigned to six sites to analyze the effect of different variation sources (the genotype, site, and genotype × environment interaction) on the phenotypic trait. In addition, a mixed linear model was used to assess the contribution of variations. In general, for most traits, the site effect accounted for a larger proportion of the variance, followed by the genotype and genotype × environment interaction effects. All the studied genotypes and sites had a significant effect, indicating that they could be improved by selecting preferable genotypes or cultivation areas, respectively. Interestingly, growth traits or economic traits could be improved simultaneously. Trait performance and stability are necessary when selecting genotypes. Moreover, the discriminating ability of genotypes should be considered in selecting cultivation areas. Annual mean temperature and annual sunshine duration proved to be crucial factors that affected the traits. They were correlated positively with economic traits and leaf yield and correlated negatively with growth traits. These findings contributed to selecting a wider range of cultivation areas. Regarding the genotype × environment interaction effect, there were significant differences only in the gutta-percha content, the total number of leaves, and the chlorogenic acid content. These traits could also be improved by choosing appropriate genotypes for the local environment. The research has provided preliminary data on the main factors that affect the traits of E. ulmoides and offered solutions for trait improvement. This information could be a reference for the trait improvement of other plants.

陕西省野生兰科植物资源丰富,我国大多数兰科植物生长北线即在陕西秦岭.长期以来野生兰科植物资源受人为破坏、气候变化等影响,生存受到严重威胁.本文在实地调查及查阅文献资料基础上,分析研究了陕西省野生兰科植物分布区域特征、海拔高度及立地条件,提出了陕西省内野生兰科资源保护策略,包括建立种质资源库、开展就地保存和迁地保护,建立种质繁殖基地、加强兰科资源繁育技术研究等.

以3个不同年龄段的侧柏茎段为外植体,探讨基本培养基、植物生长调节剂、大量元素对侧柏茎段培养快繁的影响,研究侧柏茎段培养快速繁殖技术,并分析年龄对培养各阶段的影响,进而建立了黄帝手植柏克隆繁殖技术体系.结果 表明,在试验范围内,各年龄段的侧柏茎段消毒效果均随消毒时间延长而提升,黄帝手植柏最佳升汞消毒时间为8 min;各年龄段的侧柏外植体在不同培养基上启动率均大于90％,选择MS+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1 mg·L-16-BA作为黄帝手植柏适宜启动培养基,启动率可达100％;50 a侧柏适宜在较高激素浓度的增殖培养基上培养,800、3000 a侧柏适宜在中等激素水平的培养基上培养,黄帝手植柏适宜增殖培养基为MS+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+0.2 mg· L-16-BA,30 d增殖系数为2.52;随着侧柏年龄增大,茎段生根更加困难,800、3000 a侧柏在培养基MS+0.1 mg·L-1 IBA+0.1 mg·L-16-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA上有较好的生根效果,黄帝手植柏适宜生根培养基为MS+0.1 mg·L-1 IBA+0.1 mg·L-16-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA.本研究初步建立了黄帝手植柏茎段培养技术体系,为黄帝手植柏的克隆和种质资源保存奠定了技术基础.

[目的]杜仲是我国特有的传统药用和胶用木本植物,其生长发育相关基因研究对杜仲育种有重要意义.生长素响应因子(ARF)是生长素信号转导途径中重要的转录因子,了解ARF在杜仲器官发育中的作用具有重要的理论和实际应用价值.[方法]利用杜仲全基因组测序数据鉴定杜仲ARF基因,并对这些基因进行生物信息学分析;根据杜仲EuARFs与拟南芥、水稻和欧美杨ARF蛋白的序列比对,构建系统进化树;根据转录本全长测序数据分析杜仲叶片不同生长时期的ARF基因表达谱,并利用qRT-PCR分析杜仲ARF基因与调控ARF基因的miRNA在不同器官不同发育时期的表达模式.[结果]共鉴定出18个杜仲ARF基因,根据系统进化树可以将EuARFs分为5类;miRNA靶位点分析表明eu-miR160s调控Ⅱ亚族的EuARFs,eu-miR167s调控除了EuARF8.2的V亚族的EuARFs.表达谱结果显示EuARFs在叶片不同生长时期的表达不同,其中V亚族EuARFs与Ⅵ亚族EuARF19.2在3 cm长的生长叶和完全展开的幼叶中表达量较高.qRT-PCR试验结果显示,EuARFs在正常生长条件下不同发育阶段(幼嫩和成熟)的器官(根、茎和叶)中均有表达,在根中表现为在成熟阶段上调表达,叶和茎段中表现为在成熟的器官中下调表达;eu-miR160s主要在幼嫩的根中表达,eu-miR167s则主要在成熟的叶片中表达.[结论]共鉴定出18个杜仲ARF基因,这些EuARFs在正常生长条件下不同发育阶段(幼嫩和成熟)的器官(根、茎和叶)中均有表达,根据表达量可以预测V亚族的EuARFs对幼苗的生长发育具有调控作用,EuARF19.2对杜仲叶片生长具有重要调控作用.

课程思政是指在课程教学过程中潜移默化地实施德育教育、落实立德树人精神、发挥好课堂作用,是一种全方位的教育发展理念."遗传学"是生命科学学科相关本科专业的必修专业基础课程,教学内容丰富,对学生的后续学习和研究工作具有重要影响.梳理了"遗传学"课程理论和实验教学内容,分析了蕴含在"遗传学"课程中的思政元素及其楔入点,并初步探索了"遗传学"课程思政教学实施的路径,将"遗传学"课程建设成为知识、能力和情感培养的主渠道,培养拥有社会主义核心价值观的德才兼备的生物学人才."遗传学"课程思政教学模式的探索不仅有助于学生思想政治素质、人文素质和职业素养的提高,还大大促进了教师师德、师风和专业技术水平的提升.

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO), an economic tree grown specifically in China, is widely used in various fields. To satisfy the requirements of industrial development, superior varieties need to be selected for different uses. However, there is no unified standard for breeders to reference. In this study, leaf-related traits were classified by a probability grading method. The results indicated there were significant differences between different planting models for the studied traits, and the traits in the Arbor forest model showed more abundant variation. Compared with genotype, the planting model accounted for relatively bigger variance, indicating that the standard should be divided according to planting models. Furthermore, the optimum planting model for different traits would be obtained by analyzing the variation range. Association analyses were conducted among traits to select the crucial evaluation indexes. The indexes were divided into three grades in different planting models. The evaluation system on leaf-related traits of EUO germplasm was established preliminarily, which considered planting models and stability across years for the first time. It can be treated as a reference to identify and evaluate EUO germplasm resources. Additionally, the study served as an example for the classification of quantitative traits in other economically important perennial plants.

Background E2F/DP proteins have been shown to regulate genes implicated in cell cycle control and DNA repair. However, to date, research into the potential role of the Moso bamboo E2F/DP family has been limited. Results Here, we identified 23 E2F/DPs in the Moso bamboo genome, including nine E2F genes, six DP genes, eight DEL genes and one gene with a partial E2F domain. An estimation of the divergence time of the paralogous gene pairs suggested that the E2F/DP family expansion primarily occurred through a whole-genome duplication event. A regulatory element and coexpression network analysis indicated that E2F/DP regulated the expression of cell cycle-related genes. A yeast two-hybrid assay and expression analysis based on transcriptome data and in situ hybridization indicated that the PheE2F-PheDP complex played important roles in winter Moso bamboo shoot growth. The qRT-PCR results showed that the PheE2F/DPs exhibited diverse expression patterns in response to drought and salt treatment and diurnal cycles. Conclusion Our findings provide novel insights into the Moso bamboo E2F/DP family and partial experimental evidence for further functional verification of the PheE2F/DPs.

Idesia polycarpa is an oil-producing tree native to China and Northeast Asia. The fruits of I. polycarpa which are named oil grape are unique in that they contain large amounts saturated and unsaturated lipids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) is a key enzyme catalyzing the final step of triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis. However, expression and bioinformatics of DGAT2 in I. polycarpa are still blank. In order to further understand the lipogenesis of oil grape, we contrasted seven various growth periods fruits from seed formation to seed maturation. Lipid accumulation rates and final lipid content were significantly different among the different periods. We cloned and characterized the DGAT2 gene from fruits of I. polycarpa. A partial fragment of 239 bp of IpDGAT2 was amplified by PCR. We cloned the open-reading frame (ORF) of IpDGAT2 by RACE technique. The ORF of IpDGAT2 contains 984 bp and encodes 327 amino acids. The qPCR analysis manifested that IpDGAT2 was expressed in all oil grape growing periods and expression was highest on September 20 (seed maturation). In I. polycarpa fruits the expression of IpDGAT2 was positively correlated with the lipid accumulation rates. Rhodotorula glutinis expression analysis showed that IpDGAT2 have a diacylglycerol acyltransferase bio-functional. Hetemlogous expression of the 35S: :IpDGAT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that the isolated IpDGAT2 could catalyze lipid synthesis. The lipid content increased by 40 % in transgenic plants relative to the control. which suggests that high lipid content fruits can be created by the overexpression of IpDGAT2 in I. polycarpa.

以7个杜仲无性系22-22、2-23、4-30、17-17、2-32、6-30、5-152和2个对照品种(无性系)秦仲2号(Qinzhong No.2)、龙拐(Longguai)为对象,以其2年生嫁接苗成熟叶片为材料,采用常规石蜡切片法研究叶片解剖结构、扫描电镜技术观察气孔结构和压力室技术测定水分生理指标,用主成分分析法筛选主要指标,用隶属函数法对各无性系抗旱性进行对比分析.结果 表明,共筛选出栅栏组织厚度、原初渗透势、气孔开度、厚角组织厚度4项主要指标,12项解剖结构参数、5项水分生理指数和5项气孔参数,均在无性系间差异显著,无性系抗旱性排序为:6-30＞4-30＞龙拐＞秦仲2号＞17-17＞5-152＞22-22＞2-23＞2-32.研究结果可对进一步筛选杜仲优良无性系提供参考依据.

[目的]优化杜仲叶片愈伤组织的再生体系,研究愈伤组织对抗生素和抑菌剂的敏感性,探索影响农杆菌介导杜仲愈伤组织遗传转化的最适转化因子水平,构建农杆菌介导的杜仲愈伤组织瞬时转化体系,使杜仲成年植株外植体为受体的遗传转化成为可能,为杜仲基因功能的研究与定向改良奠定基础.[方法]以杜仲成年植株叶片为材料诱导愈伤组织,通过添加不同浓度植物生长调节剂与大量元素的MS培养基进行不定芽的诱导与增殖,确定最适培养基.在此基础上,在培养基中添加不同浓度抗生素及抑菌剂,研究愈伤组织对其敏感性.以获得的叶片愈伤组织受体系统为基础,通过L16(45)的正交试验,探索不同转化因子对农杆菌介导叶片愈伤组织遗传转化的瞬时转化效率的影响,建立最适瞬时转化体系.使用获得的瞬时转化体系对愈伤组织进行遗传转化操作,筛选抗性芽,对抗性芽进行GUS组织化学染色与PCR检验.[结果]再生体系优化的结果表明,3/4大量元素浓度的MS培养基能够促进杜仲愈伤组织不定芽的诱导及生长;愈伤组织诱导不定芽的最适培养基为3/4MS +0.27 μmol·L-1NAA+4.4 μmol·L-1 6-BA,诱导率为83％±10.0％;不定芽复壮的最适培养基为3/4MS+0.054μmol·L-1 NAA+4.4 μmol·L-1 6-BA,平均伸长长度为(2.47± 1.33) cm.抗生素与抑菌剂敏感性试验表明,遗传转化的选择培养基中,抑菌剂头孢霉素的最适浓度为200 mg·L-1,筛选用的抗生素卡那霉素最适浓度为70 mg·L-1.转化因子的正交试验表明,最适的农杆菌介导杜仲叶片愈伤组织遗传转化的转化因子组合为:预培养5天、侵染10 min和共培养3天.使用最适瞬时转化体系对约200个愈伤组织进行遗传转化操作,共筛选获得3个抗卡那霉素的抗性芽;GUS组织化学染色显示GUS基因在抗性芽中得到了表达,PCR检测证明这些抗性芽中存在NPTⅡ基因.[结论]杜仲叶片愈伤组织诱导不定芽的最适培养基为3/4MS+0.27 μmol·L-1NAA+4.4 μmol·L-16-BA,不定芽复壮的最适培养基为3/4MS+0.054 μmol·L-1NAA+4.4 μmol·L-16-BA.农杆菌介导的杜仲叶片愈伤组织瞬时转化体系为:预培养5天、侵染10 min和共培养3天,筛选培养基为3/4MS+0.054 μmol·L-1NAA+4.4 μmol·L-1 6-BA+200 mg·L-1Cef+ 70 mg·L-1Km .利用此体系共获得3个抗性芽,PCR分析和GUS组织化学染色都表明T-DNA已整合到抗性芽基因组中.

Eucommia ulmoides (Tu-chung) is an economically and ecologically important tree species which has attracted worldwide attention due to its application in pharmacology, landscaping, wind sheltering and sand fixation. Molecular marker technologies can elucidate the genetic mechanism and substantially improve the breeding efficiency of E. ulmoides. The current research updated the original linkage map, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed on tree growth traits measured over 10 consecutive years in an E. ulmoides F1 population (“Xiaoye” × “Qinzhong No.1”). In total, 452 polymorphic markers were scored from 365 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, with an average of 1.24 polymorphic markers per primer combination. The integrated map was 1913.29 cM (centimorgan) long, covering 94.10% of the estimated genome and with an average marker density of 2.20 cM. A total of 869 markers were mapped into 19 major independent linkage groups. Growth-related traits measured over 10 consecutive years showed a significant correlation, and 89 hypothetical QTLs were forecasted and divided into 27 distinct loci. Three traits for tree height, ground diameter and crown diameter detected 25 QTLs (13 loci), 32 QTLs (17 loci) and 15 QTLs (10 loci), respectively. Based on BLASTX search results in the NCBI database, six candidate genes were obtained. It is important to explore the growth-related genetic mechanism and lay the foundation for the genetic improvement of E. ulmoides at the molecular level.

Trans-polyisoprene rubber is produced in the tissues of leaves, bark, and fruit of Eucommia ulmoides and is considered an important energy source. Transcript profiles of two tissues from E. ulmoides cv. Qinzhong No. 3, leaf and fruit, were analysed using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 system. In total, 104 million clean reads were obtained and assembled into 58,863 unigenes. Through gene functional classification, 28,091 unigenes (47.72%) were annotated and 65 unigenes have been hypothesized to encode proteins involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. In addition, 10,041 unigenes were detected as differentially expressed unigenes, and 29 of them were putatively related to terpenoid biosynthesis. The synthesis of trans-polyisoprene rubbers in E. ulmoides was hypothesised to be dominated by the mevalonate pathway. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase 2 (FPPS2) was considered a key component in the biosynthesis of trans-polyprenyl diphosphate. Rubber elongation factor 3 (REF3) might be involved in stabilising the membrane of rubber particles in E. ulmoides. To date, 351 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were validated as polymorphisms from eight E. ulmoides plants (two parent plants and six F1 individuals), and these could act as molecular markers for genetic map density increase and breeding improvement of E. ulmoides.

Key messageWe performed a comparative transcriptome between two different concentrations of CGA from leaves in E. ulmoides. The key genes in the biosynthesis of CGA were identified by differential expression analysis.AbstractEucommia ulmoides Oliv. is native to China and famous for its extensive medicinal value, such as anti-fatigue, anti-aging, and enhanced immunity, etc. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the main medicinal ingredient of E. ulmoides. In E. ulmoides, the gene functions related to CGA biosynthesis are not fully understood. In this study, we conducted Illumina transcriptome sequencing and digital gene expression (DGE) for E. ulmoides with high content of CGA (H01, H02, and H03) and low content of CGA (L01, L02, and L03) to explore the potential genes involved in CGA biosynthesis. A total of 82,065 unigenes were generated. Of these unigenes, 28 were involved in CGA biosynthesis pathways and 116 regulated the CGA biosynthesis. Furthermore, by gene expression profiling and differential expression analysis, three functional genes including two PALs (c133625.graph_c5 and c133625.graph_c7), one 4CL (c139078.graph_c0), and three transcription factors (TFs), including one ERF2 (c139016.graph_c3) and two WRKY (c139022.graph_c3 and c139022.graph_c0) were different expressed, these genes may play key roles in CGA biosynthesis. This study will provide useful genomic resources for the investigation of CGA biosynthesis and genetic improvements of E. ulmoides.

林木育种学是现代林木种业创新人才培养的基础课程.传统的林木育种学课程教学大多是填鸭式教学,很难适应现代社会对创新型人才的需求.将翻转课堂教学模式融入林木育种学课程教学中,并探讨了在理论教学和实践教学中的实施方法,提出了在翻转课堂教学模式下新的教学评价体系.翻转课堂在林木育种学课程教学中的应用提升了学生的创新能力和科研思维,培养了学生的团队协作精神和自信感,更激发了学生对林木育种事业和科研工作的浓厚兴趣,同时,也存在一些问题,需要师生不断沟通、不断改进教学设计.

Idesia polycarpa is a valuable oil-producing tree and can potentially be used for edible oil and biofuel production. The fruits of I. polycarpa are unique in that they contain both saturated and unsaturated lipids. Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2), also as known as omega-6 fatty acid desaturase in endoplasmic, is a key enzyme for linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid biosynthesis. However, bioinformatics and expression of FAD2 in I. polycarpa are still absent. Here, to gain insight into the lipid and linoleic synthesis of I. polycarpa, we compared the fruits from different growth stages. Lipid accumulation rates, final lipid content, linoleic accumulation rates and final linoleic content were significantly different among the different stages. In a further step, the FAD2 gene from fruits of I. polycarpa, named IpFAD2, was cloned and characterized. A partial fragment of 169 bp of IpFAD2 was amplified by degenerate PCR. Full cDNA of IpFAD2 was obtained by the RACE technique. The open-reading frame of IpFAD2 was 1149 bp in length, encoding 382 amino acids. A comparison of the deduced amino acids sequence of IpFAD2 with FAD2 from other species showed high similarities, ranging from 78.8 to 92.6%. The IpFAD2-predicted protein has a theoretical molecular mass of 44.03 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 8.04. It has five transmembrane helices located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The IpFAD2-predicted protein was classified as belonging to the Membrane-FADS-like superfamily based on its conserved domain analysis. Expression analysis based on qRT-PCR indicated that IpFAD2 was expressed in different fruit growth stages, with the highest expression level at 80 DAP and the lowest at 130 DAP. The expression of IpFAD2 was positively correlated with the linoleic accumulation rates in I. polycarpa fruits. Prokaryotic expression in Escherichia. Coli BL21(DE3) indicated that IpFAD2 gene could encode a bio-functional omega-6 fatty acid desaturase. Heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that the isolated IpFAD2 proteins could catalyse linoleic synthesis. This is the first cloning and expression analysis of FAD2 from I. polycarpa, significantly contributing to our understanding of the role of IpFAD2 in linoleic synthesis, esp. in terms of genetic engineering breeding for linoleic production.

黄帝手植柏相传为轩辕黄帝亲手所植,距今5000多年,具有重要的科学和文化价值.本文以黄帝手植柏和采自桥山的另一株古侧柏为材料,对合成的256对SRAP引物组合进行了筛选,筛选出条带清晰,多态性高的引物组合22对.这22对引物组合共扩增出272个条带,其中多态性条带188个,多态性比率为69.12％.利用筛选出的22对引物组合对采自桥山的30株古侧柏及黄帝手植柏进行了分析,找到黄帝手植柏特异标记6个,分别为:Me4Em9-150、Me4Em9-1600、Me4Em9-1700、Me10Em4-80、Me10Em4-90、Me10Em4-120.通过对260株采自侧柏天然分布区的样品进行验证,说明这6个标记可以对黄帝手植柏进行鉴定,发生错误的概率为5.4×10-8％,正确的概率为99.9999999％.研究结果为黄帝手植柏的保护及侧柏遗传多样性研究提供参考.

[目的]探究不同基因型、基本培养基、激素种类及激素浓度对沙棘胚性愈伤组织诱导和胚状体分化的影响,为体胚发生体系的建立提供科学依据.[方法]将中国沙棘和蒙古沙棘种子经5d暗培养后在(14 L∶10D) h·d-1的光周期下培养15d,获得的无菌试验材料,并将种胚的各个结构为外植体进行胚性愈伤组织诱导,用子叶和下胚轴以L9 (34)正交设计进行胚性愈伤组织培养条件优化以及胚状体分化诱导.[结果]试验范围内,中国沙棘种子培养的最佳培养基是1/2 MS;由中国沙棘和蒙古沙棘种子培养20 d所得的无菌子叶连带0.2 cm下胚轴是胚性愈伤组织和胚状体诱导分化的良好材料.[结论]最适合中国沙棘和蒙古沙棘胚性愈伤组织诱导的培养基为:1/3 MS+ 6-BA0.5 mg·L-1 +IBA 1.0 mg·L-1,诱导率可达75.9％;诱导胚状体分化的最佳培养基为:1/3 MS+IBA 0.05 mg·L-1+KT0.1 mg·L-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1,分化率可达66％.

Normalisation of data, by choosing the appropriate reference genes, is fundamental for obtaining reliable results in quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). This study evaluated the expression stability of 11 candidate reference genes with different varieties, developmental periods, tissues, and abiotic stresses by using four statistical algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The results indicated that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme S (UBC) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBC E2) could be used as reference genes for different E. ulmoides varieties and tissues, UBC and histone H4 (HIS4) for different developmental periods, beta-tubulin (TUB) and UBC for cold treatment, ubiquitin extension protein (UBA80) and HIS4 for drought treatment, and ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 (UBA52) and UBC E2 for salinity treatment. UBC and UBC E2 for the group "Natural growth" and "Total", UBA80 and UBC for the group "Abiotic stresses". To validate the suitability of the selected reference genes in this study, mevalonate kinase (MK), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) gene expression patterns were analysed. When the most unstable reference genes were used for normalisation, the expression patterns had significant biases compared with the optimum reference gene combinations. These results will be beneficial for more accurate quantification of gene expression levels in E. ulmoides.

Idesia polycarpa Maxim. is a promising plant for biodiesel in China. We have reported the flowering phenology, breeding system and parental effect on fruit characters of this species distributed in Qinling-Bashan Mountain (Shaanxi Province) nature reserve. As a dioecious plant, the male and female flowered almost synchronously. The anthesis was from around 10th of May and proceeded until the end of May or the beginning of June at population level. To determine the breeding system of I. polycarpa, three pollination treatments were carried out on every three female plants: natural pollination (NP), apomixy (AP) and cross pollination (CP). Reproductive success of apoximy treatment indicated that, as a dioecious plant, I. polycarpa could also reproduce by apomixis. However, the mean fruit set under apomixy treatment was markerly lower (3.6-13.33%) than that of two pollination treatments (>65.69%). Fruit quality (fruit length, fruit width, 100 fruit weight, seed production and seed germination) of the cross pollination treatment was greater than the other two treatments, suggested that pollen competition in cross pollination treatment was the most intense in three treatments. To study parental effect on fruit characters, cross pollination was carried out with three female plants and three male plants. The result showed that maternal parents (P<0.001) and parental interaction significantly affected all the fruit characters (including 100 fruit weight, pulp/fruit ratio, oil content and seed germination) while paternal parents showed significant effects on 100 fruit weight, pulp/fruit ratio and seed germination. Fruit set was only significantly affected by maternal parents (P = 0.001). Our findings will facilitate future breeding programs of I. polycarpa in parental selection.

以志趣为导向的大学生转专业政策有利于发挥学生特长,实现个性发展.但是,目前该政策在高校的执行不尽人意,大学生转专业呈现复杂性和多面性,有学生主观方面的原因,也有社会、学校和家庭等客观方面的原因,分析了高校转专业的负面影响,提出了符合转专业政策初衷的积极的引导措施.