Objective To explore the knowledge-action gap regarding health behaviors and their influencing factors among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), using the Health Belief Model as a theoretical framework. Design A qualitative approach was adopted, involving semistructured interviews with individuals with MAFLD. Setting Participants were recruited from a community hospital and a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China, between July and October 2022. Participants A purposive sample of 21 adults with MAFLD, who were primarily overweight or obese (86%), males (52%), and aged ≥ 60 years (52%). Phenomenon of Interest This study focused on the knowledge-action gap in health behaviors among MAFLD patients. Analysis Data were analyzed using content analysis, with the Health Belief Model guiding the identification of themes and categorization of specific domains. Results This study found that perceptions of disease susceptibility and severity, perceived barriers to healthy lifestyles, and various modifying factors impeded the adoption of healthy behaviors. In contrast, perceived benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy facilitated the implementation of these behaviors. Conclusions and Implications This research highlights the factors contributing to the knowledge-action gap in health behaviors among MAFLD patients. The findings suggest potential targets for interventions aimed at enhancing the alignment between patients’ knowledge and their actions, ultimately promoting better health outcomes.

ObjectiveThe objectives were to assess (i) the quality of theory implementation, (ii) the application of behavior change techniques, and (iii) the effectiveness of theory-based interventions in promoting physical activity in pregnant women and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across 8 databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) to identify randomized controlled trials published from database inception to 8 July 2023. The Cochrane risk-of-bias 2.0 tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The theory coding scheme was used to measure the quality of theory implementation, and behavior change techniques were coded according to behavior change taxonomy (version 1). The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence.ResultsEleven studies met the study criteria. Nine studies were based on one theory, while two studies were based on a combination of two theories. The quality of theory implementation was generally moderate. A total of 24 unique behavior change techniques were extracted. The most commonly used types of behavior change techniques were ‘instruction on how to perform the behaviour’ (n = 9), ‘goal setting’ (behavior) (n = 8), ‘action planning’ (n = 7), and ‘information about health consequences’ (n = 7). Theory-based interventions significantly improved moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.17, 95 % confidence interval (CI) [0.04, 0.30], P = 0.01; moderate certainty of evidence), reduced the average gestational weight gain per week (mean difference (MD) = − 0.06, 95 % CI [−0.11, − 0.01], P = 0.02; moderate certainty of evidence), and decreased the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (risk ratio (RR) = 0.64, 95 % CI [0.46, 0.89), P = 0.008; high certainty of evidence). However, the effects of theory-based interventions on total physical activity, total gestational weight gain and the incidence of gestational hypertension and preterm delivery were unclear (P > 0.05).Conclusions(i) Most of the studies exhibited a moderate level of theory implementation quality. (ii) The use of theories varies, but common behavior change techniques were found across studies. (iii) Theory-based interventions can improve physical activity and maternal and neonatal outcomes and appear to be safe. Appropriate health behavior theories and behavior change techniques should be fully utilized in future interventions.RegistrationPROSPERO: CRD42023440886.Tweetable abstractTheory-based interventions can improve physical activity and maternal and neonatal outcomes and appear to be safe. Appropriate health behavior theories and behavior change techniques should be fully utilized in the development of future interventions.

Background: Irinotecan is widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors, but the adverse effects from it, especially diarrhea, limit its use. Several clinical trials of prophylactic treatment of irinotecan-induced diarrhea (IID) have been ongoing, and some of the data are controversial. This encouraged us to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of interventions on preventing IID. Method: This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA statement. We performed literature searches from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The number registered in PROSPERO is CRD42022368633. After searching 1034 articles in the database and references, 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Result: The RR of high-grade diarrhea and all-grade diarrhea were 0.31 ( I 2 = 51%, 95% CI: 0.14-0.69; P = .004) and .76 ( I 2 = 65%, 95% CI: 0.62-0.93; P < .008) respectively, thus the use of intervention measures for preventing IID is effective, and the risk reduction of high-grade diarrhea was more significant. Subgroup analysis revealed that the monotherapy group (RR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.21-1.13, I 2 = 0%) and combination therapy group (RR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06-0.32, I 2 = 0%) in the risk of high-grade diarrhea had no significant heterogeneity within the groups, and traditional herbal medicines (Kampo medicine Hangeshashin-to, PHY906 and hot ironing with Moxa Salt Packet on Tianshu and Shangjuxu) were effective preventive measures (RR:0.20, 95% CI: 0.07-0.60, I 2 = 0%). The Jadad scores for traditional herbal medicines studies were 3, and the follow-up duration was only 2 to 6 weeks. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that preventive treatments significantly reduced the risk of high-grade and all-grade diarrhea, confirming the efficacy in the incidence and severity of IID, among which traditional herbal medicines (baicalin-containing) provided a protective effect in reducing the severity of IID. However, the traditional herbal medicines studies were of low quality. Combined irinotecan therapy can obtain better preventive effects than monotherapy of IID. These would be helpful for the prevention of IID in clinical practice.

This study analyzes the Nobel Literature Prize award speeches from 2000 to 2023 from the perspective of polysystem studies and the framework of translational norms. Using a combination of corpus-based methods and qualitative coding analysis, it compares, describes, and interprets the discourse features and underlying norms of these speeches. It was found that the awarding institution emphasizes literary works that explore the marginalized or peripheral aspects of society, although its evaluations of original and translated literature exhibit subtle differences. The institution tends to favor niche authors from the Western original literary system, underscoring their works' universal appeal while highlighting translated works that conform to Western literary conventions. Such a focus suggests that the Westernization of world literature helps reinforce the dominance of the Western literary paradigm. Furthermore, the current analysis indicates that translated literature included in the Nobel system often retains marginal status as perceived by the awarding body, serving primarily as a vehicle for introducing non-Western voices while still centering Western perspectives. The role of translations, while crucial in bridging diverse literary characteristics, is often overlooked, as evidenced by award speeches. They implicitly maintain the centrality of Western perspectives when presenting literature from non-Western contexts.

Objective: Overall survival is the gold-standard outcome measure for phase 3 trials, but the need for a long follow-up period can delay the translation of potentially effective treatment to clinical practice. The validity of major pathological response (MPR) as a surrogate of survival for non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant immunotherapy remains unclear. Methods: Eligibility was resectable stage I–III NSCLC and delivery of PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors prior to resection; other forms/modalities of neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapies were allowed. Statistics utilized the Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effect or random-effect model depending on the heterogeneity ( I 2 ). Results: Fifty-three trials (seven randomized, 29 prospective nonrandomized, 17 retrospective) were identified. The pooled rate of MPR was 53.8%. Compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy achieved higher MPR (OR 6.19, 4.39–8.74, P <0.00001). MPR was associated with improved disease-free survival/progression-free survival/event-free survival (HR 0.28, 0.10–0.79, P =0.02) and overall survival (HR 0.80, 0.72–0.88, P <0.0001). Patients with stage III (vs I/II) and PD-L1 ≥1% (vs <1%) more likely achieved MPR (OR 1.66,1.02–2.70, P =0.04; OR 2.21,1.28–3.82, P =0.004). Conclusions: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy achieved higher MPR in NSCLC patients, and increased MPR might be associated with survival benefits treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy. It appears that the MPR may serve as a surrogate endpoint of survival to evaluate neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

The interpreter's role has been an important but highly debatable issue in interpreting studies, with divergent views concerning neutrality, interpreting performance, and quality. This chapter reports a new survey on the conference interpreters' role perception, intending to contribute more diverse data for a more specific account of the interpreter's role in conference setting. The survey shows that like their colleagues in other settings, the conference interpreters tend to see themselves as an active participant in interpreting-mediated communication, playing a visible role in their activities. The survey also represents the first attempt to explore the relation between interpreters' personal factors and their role perception, as well as how interpreters' role identity affects their interpreting behavior. Specifically, the survey finds that (1) the interpreter's role perception is greatly influenced by such individual factors as interpreting experience, conference subject familiarity, and working mode; and (2) the interpreter's interpreting strategies (namely, compression, explanation, correction, and parallel reformulation) and communication pattern (e.g., direct/indirect speech) are evidently conditioned by one's role perception. Some suggestions for further studies have been made in terms of data size, methodological design (e.g., corpus), and theoretical framework (e.g., CDA, narrative theory, and sociology).

This study aims to explore the relevance and underlying factors of an array of interpreting aptitude constructs, and, on that basis, the collective and group-specific perception of their relative importance. To meet the research purposes, a questionnaire survey was designed and distributed to interpreting trainers, trainees and professional interpreters, asking respondents to evaluate the relative importance of 40 aptitude constructs drawn from an extensive literature review. A total of 769 valid responses were collected. An explorative factor analysis retained 23 constructs divided into three factors focusing on cognitive skills for online information processing, personality traits and temperaments, and foundational linguistic skills respectively. While personality traits and temperaments were regarded as a stable and distinctive dimension of interpreting aptitude, cognitive skills for information processing were viewed as the most important factor. Particularly, listening and speaking in B enjoyed the highest rating. Although statistically significant differences existed in the relative importance of certain constructs, the substantive differences indicated by the effect sizes were small. Compared with trainees, trainers and professional interpreters demonstrated a more sharpened awareness of market demands and industrial priorities, but otherwise the three groups converged more than they diverged in the evaluation of aptitude constructs and factors.

As a replication in the Chinese context of previous aptitude testing validation studies, this research aims at exploring the validity of an interpreting aptitude test battery, composed of the Logical Memory Test (LMT), the Scale of Language Anxiety (SLA) and the Achievement Motivation Test (AMT), in the prediction of consecutive interpreting performance of Chinese interpreting trainees. A quasi-experimental and correlational research design was adopted. The aptitude test battery was administered at the beginning of the first semester for 48 post-graduate interpreting trainees, and English-Chinese (E-C) and Chinese-English (C-E) consecutive interpreting (CI) tests, used to measure the interpreting proficiency of the subjects, were conducted at the end of the semester. Scores from the aptitude tests and consecutive interpreting tests were subjected to parametric correlation analysis as well as multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that a) the LMT scores enjoyed a statistically significant positive correlation with C-E CI; b) the SLA scores had a statistically significant negative correlation with both E-C and C-E CI; c) there was no statistically significant correlation between the AMT scores and CI in either direction. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to interpreting candidate screening and admission testing.

教学翻译、翻译教学、翻译教育是翻译实践与教学理性思考的发展轨迹.翻译教育是以翻译这种特殊社会行为为研究对象,以培养翻译人文素养和突出翻译社会价值为根本目标的系统教育活动.翻译教育具有人文学科属性,体现多学科、跨学科和交叉学科性质,主要借助教育学、社会学、心理学、语言学、翻译学理论框架,探索翻译实践能力、翻译教学设计、翻译教材研发、翻译测试评估、翻译研究素养、翻译师资发展、翻译教育技术及翻译社会认知等多元主题.

数字信息技术的进步推动了人文学科的发展,同样也深刻地影响了翻译实践、教学及研究.面对数字人文这一时代热潮,数字人文语境中翻译研究现状及特征要全面评价,数字人文翻译研究在本体关照、理性分析、实际应用等方面的问题也须客观分析,由此探讨翻译研究的数字人文"转向"的可能性及未来发展,进一步明确数字人文性质翻译研究独特的跨学科属性及人文学科价值与定位.

本研究选取2000—2021年3月SSCI&A/HCI收录口译教学、培训、测试、评估主题的157篇文章,借助CiteSpace对文本进行文献计量分析.数据分析及文本阅读挖掘显示,近20年口译国际教学研究主要使用了教学测试、行动研究、实验、问卷、访谈等定量及定性研究方法,探讨了情境学习、职业互拓教育、计算机辅助口译教学、法庭口译及医疗口译培训、学能测试、就业能力、伦理问题、口译质量评估等主题,体现了目前国际口译教学趋势为课堂与市场结合、模拟实战场景.此外,口译教学在加强技能训练的基础上,也整体趋向引导学生对译员角色及伦理的思考.

"案本而传"的忠实翻译观在中国传统译论中始终占有重要位置,然而,翻译史的诸多事实显示,有关"变译"的案例不胜枚举.通过梳理佛经汉译相关文献,本文从词汇转换、文体调整及语篇构建三个层面,着重探讨了佛经翻译初期格义迂阔、偈颂变体、异本会译三种变译形式,撮要举隅,以期引发读者对佛经译史中诸多变译事实的思考.总之,佛经变译不仅是语言形式的转变,也是中印文化交融会通的代表,更体现着佛教思想在中国的本土化传播过程.

The ubiquitous impacts resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have profoundly changed the education sector and marked research interest in online or blended learning can be witnessed. As a pervasive learning activity of paramount significance, online language learning has aroused widespread attention. Nonetheless, few systematic reviews concerning the effectiveness of online language learning have been published. With the help of CiteSpace, this study systematically investigated 103 included articles from the SSCI of empirical studies from 44 journals for the purpose of filling the research gap in this field, providing a better understanding of the research trends, exploring effective ways to implement online language courses, and testifying to the ability of CiteSpace to track research hotspots. The findings show that effectiveness studies on online language learning principally focus on assisted tools (42.72%), instructional approaches (36.89%), and specific courses (20.39%). Lack of adequate cooperation among research institutions and the dominant position of online English learning (82.52%) can be witnessed. Despite the small sample size of 103 included articles, the validation of CiteSpace in terms of tracking the research trends or hotspots is confirmed. However, the proportion of each research focus is not compatible with the results of a comprehensive full-text analysis. This literature review also probes into various methods to measure effectiveness more scientifically and effective ways to implement online language courses. Theoretical as well as practical implications and future research directions are clarified.

中国话语的对外译介与传播是符合国家长远战略的重要课题.本文重点介绍新中国成立70多年来中国特色对外话语在英语世界译介与传播研究的核心主题、设计框架和具体内容,说明该研究在学术创新、学科发展和社会服务等方面的价值,期待推动中国话语对外译介与传播研究的持续发展.

This study explores the validity of a battery of interpreting aptitude tests comprising the SynCloze test, the Negative Affectivity Scale and the Inventory of Learning Styles in predicting the interpreting performance of Chinese interpreting trainees. The aptitude test battery was conducted at the beginning of the first semester for 68 post-graduate interpreting students in four Chinese interpreter training programs. English-Chinese (E-C) and Chinese-English (C-E) consecutive interpreting (CI) tests that measure the interpreting proficiency of the participants were conducted at the end of the semester. The results of the correlation and regression analysis indicated that the SynCloze test enjoyed statistically significant predictive power for both directions of CI and that its predictive power was stronger for C-E CI (beta = 0.70) than for E-C CI (beta = 0.48); negative affectivity was found to be a statistically significant predictor for E-C CI (beta = -0.21) but not for C-E CI. Neither the meaning-directed nor the reproduction-directed learning style could predict interpreting performance. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to interpreter selection and training.

BACKGROUND:Microbiome-targeted therapies (MTTs), including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), have been proposed as a potential treatment for cirrhosis via modulation of gut microbiome, while the impact of gut microflora alteration on liver function in cirrhosis trajectory is unclear, and no related systematic review has been published. We aim to comprehensively assess the effects of MTTs in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS:We will search databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) with no time restriction. Only randomized controlled trials published in English will be included. Two independent reviewers will be responsible for study identification and selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, with discrepancies resolved by consensus or referral to a third author. Heterogeneity of studies will be examined using Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics. The data will be pooled using either a fixed- or random-effects model based on I2 statistics. The results will be presented as risk ratios (RR) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We will perform subgroup analysis on the type of MTTs and assess the reporting biases. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to test the stability of each outcome result.DISCUSSION:There is no current study about the role of MTTs in developing the liver function, and the therapeutic effects of MTTs are inconsistent. By investigating the liver-specific indicators when treating with multiple MTTs on course of cirrhosis, our findings will give more conclusive and stronger evidence about the efficacy of MTTs and provide new insight into the action mechanisms of these MTTs.SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:PROSPERO CRD42021253198.

本文量化考察国内主流媒体与国外英语媒体对"绿水青山就是金山银山"的翻译方式,总结其英文译本的历时演变规律.通过爬虫软件爬取该中国话语被首次提出至今(2005-2021)的中方、外方英译文本,根据描述性译学理论思想,总结提炼出3个阶段的翻译规范并阐释其背后成因.研究认为,中国话语对外翻译规范经历了由贴近原则过渡到二元共存并逐步走向"以我为主"的话语建构历程.文章指出在新时代语境下,外译中国话语可以视具体文本特征及传播阶段提炼出话语概念内核,以适应新语境的传播需求.将"绿水青山就是金山银山"译为"Green+(be)+gold"型的译文具有再语境化灵活性和良好的传播效果.文章由此提出概念再语境化的翻译方案,进而探讨该外宣翻译方案的适用范围,以期补益中国话语翻译研究与实践.

服务国家发展战略,凸显社会公共价值,是新时代中国翻译研究的基本定位和原则.为此,中国翻译研究未来重点话题主要包括:中国特色对外话语翻译与传播(特别是传播模式、质量评估)、服务"一带一路"倡议的翻译资源库建设、现代技术与翻译产业的整合与创新、中国特色翻译话语及其理论构建、语料库翻译研究拓展与深化、多媒介多场景翻译新领域等.明确新时代中国翻译研究重点方向与话题,利于加强翻译研究服务国家战略的作用,满足社会需求,构建中国特色的翻译研究学术体系、学科体系和话语体系.

清华简《系年》是本世纪中国最激动人心的出土文献之一①,从2011年至今清华大学总共整理出版了十一辑《清华大学藏战国竹简(二)》,《系年》是其中学界讨论最多的一部.《系年》还得到了海外学者的关注,从2014年到2020年,尤锐、米欧敏、沈载勋、金泰炫密集地翻译《系年》,产出了两个英语全译本和七个节译本.本文从翻译的内涵、翻译的地位、翻译过程中的权力关系、翻译祝圣对象这四个层次解构卡萨诺瓦翻译祝圣观.本文发现译者翻译《系年》的象征性意义大于译本的实用性意义,翻译《系年》旨在借助其绝对经典的地位自我祝圣.

从社会符号学视角来看,交替传译笔记是一种多模态的文本,译员在书写和解读符号时,事实上是与这些符号进行了一种视觉交流.本研究借助数码笔技术,对学生译员和专业译员在笔记记录过程中使用视觉语法符号的情况进行量化对比实验.实验结果显示,与学生译员相比,专业译员使用矢量、几何图形、构图、框架、凸显等五种子模式符号的数量较高,使用字符子模式符号的数量较低.对专业译员笔记的进一步分析显示,符号数量和口译质量呈正相关,反应时间和口译质量呈负相关,笔记耗时和准确度呈正相关,但和流畅度呈负相关.专业译员的反应时间更长,但能更均衡地使用各种视觉符号,从多渠道获得的资源以提高口译质量.本研究尝试揭示交传笔记作为视觉资源的本质特征,加深了我们对笔记记录过程的认知,也可为改进口译笔记教学提供参考.