Background and Purpose ShengMai-San (SMS) is traditionally used to treat ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Recently, several studies have reported the cardioprotective effects of SMS in diabetic animals. However, the potential mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether SMS exerts a beneficial effect in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by alleviating NADPH oxidase (NOX)-mediated oxidative stress. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into a negative control group (NC), diabetes mellitus group (DM) and SMS-treated group (SMS). The myocardial structure alterations, apoptosis and biomarkers of oxidative stress were observed. Moreover, to explore the protective mechanism of SMS, the activation of AMPKα, expression and translocation of NOX-related proteins were assessed. Results Diabetes led to excessive collagen content, fibrosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium. Oxidative stress in diabetic hearts was indicated by low levels of T-AOC, high levels of 8-iso-PGF2α and 8-OHdG, inactivation of AMPKα, elevated expression of NOX2 and NOX4 and translocation of NOX isoforms p47phox and p67phox. Treatment with SMS for 10 weeks resulted in the alleviation of diabetes-associated myocardial structure abnormalities and apoptosis. Additionally, SMS attenuated the accumulation of oxidative stress markers in myocardial tissue. Further investigation showed that SMS was able to reverse the levels of oxidative stress-associated proteins NOX2 and NOX4 in the DM rats. Moreover, SMS treatment blunted the translocation of NADPH oxidase isoforms p47phox and p67phox as well. Furthermore, SMS promoted the activation of AMPK in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Conclusion These findings indicate that SMS exhibits therapeutic properties against diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating myocardial oxidative damage via activation of AMPKα and inhibition of NOX signaling.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently one of the most prominent and global chronic conditions. Huanglian Decoction (HLD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation that has been used to treat T2DM for thousands of years in China. However, its mechanism of action at the metabolic level is still unclear. The purpose of this work is to study the mechanism of HLD in treating T2DM based on metabolomics and network pharmacology.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this study, metabolomics combined with network pharmacology was used to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of HLD in T2DM. Serum samples were collected from rats with T2DM, induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ), to measure the levels of biochemical markers. Urinary metabolomics-based analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was conducted to evaluate the differential metabolites from multiple metabolic pathways.RESULTS:After treatment with HLD for 4 weeks, biochemical indicators, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid, fasting insulin (FINS), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were significantly improved. Metabolomics results revealed that HLD regulated the biomarkers, such as cytosine, L-carnitine, betaine, phenylalanine, glucose, citrate, phenylpyruvate, and hippuric acid in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The combination of network pharmacology, metabolomics, western blot, and PCR showed that HLD can treat T2DM by enhancing the gene and protein expression levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), insulin receptor (INSR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) to interfere with glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.CONCLUSIONS:The study based on metabolomics and network pharmacology indicated that HLD can improve T2DM through multiple targets and pathways, and it may be a useful alternative therapy for the treatment of T2DM.

在当下国家重视中医国际化人才培养以及倡导"以学生为中心"教学理念的时代背景 下,中医诊断学双语教学团队通过运用"对分课堂"这一近年来影响力较大的教学改革模式,从教学对象、教学内容、教学效果等方面进行了系统的实践应用与探索,明确了双语课程"对分课堂"的教学目标、教学形式教学特点以及评价方式,获得了较为深刻的教学体会与反思,尝试探索一套适合中医诊断学双语教学的课堂教学模式和特色做法.提升课堂的教学效果和学生的积极性,有利于培养学生的中医双语表达能力.

目的:观察茶多酚对长期饮酒动物心肌胰岛素敏感性的影响,并探讨其作用机制.方法:Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、酒精组、茶多酚组,每组10只.酒精组和茶多酚组每只大鼠每天灌胃给予酒精5 g/kg,茶多酚组每只大鼠每天腹腔注射茶多酚30mg/kg,干预时间为16周.通过离体心肌对葡萄糖的摄取观察心肌胰岛素敏感性,ELISA法检测心肌组织中脂联素含量,同时对心肌氧化应激产物8-iso-PGF2α水平,抗氧化酶GSH-Px、CAT、SOD的活性进行检测.结果:长期饮酒可致心肌胰岛素敏感性降低.与酒精组比较,茶多酚可显著改善心肌胰岛素敏感性(P＜0.01),增加心肌组织脂联素水平(P＜0.01);茶多酚在降低心肌8-iso-PGF2α水平(P＜0.01)的同时,增加多种抗氧化酶活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:茶多酚可改善长期饮酒所致心肌胰岛素抵抗,该作用与增加脂联素水平及抗氧化应激反应密切相关.

"厚基础,重传承"是我校中医学专业的特色之一.建校60多年来,从"九大创校元老",到近年流派工作室、名医工作室传承人,几代齐鲁名中医专家的学术思想通过积淀、传承、发展,成为学校的宝贵财富,也是学校中医学专业核心课程发展的重要基础.2016年在中医学院王世军院长的积极倡导下,齐鲁名家学术传承教改项目正式启动,3月份教务处组织各流派、名医工作室的中青年后备传承人,建成"齐鲁名家学术传承教学团队",旨在共享工作经验,着力培养后备传承人,使各工作室建设成果更好地服务于本科教学.现将团队建设情况汇报如下.

目的:利用代谢组学的策略和方法,通过研究理脾调脂胶囊对高脂血症大鼠模型脂代谢的影响,探讨理脾调脂胶囊对调控脂代谢的作用机制.方法:将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组与理脾调脂胶囊实验组,对模型组与实验组采用脂肪乳灌胃的方法复制高脂血症大鼠模型,造模成功后对理脾调脂胶囊实验组大鼠灌理脾调脂胶囊药液进行干预,28天后腹主动脉取血,采集血清样本,利用全自动生化分析仪检测血脂水平;采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对不同组别的血清样本进行检测,运用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)筛选正常组、模型组和理脾调脂胶囊实验组之间的差异代谢物,利用质谱信息和公共数据库检索对差异代谢物进行鉴定并进行KEGG代谢通路分析.结果:宏观药学显示模型组大鼠血脂水平明显升高,理脾调脂胶囊实验组大鼠血脂水平明显降低,接近正常组;代谢组学研究发现三组大鼠的血清脂质质谱分离良好,并鉴定出与高脂血症相关的肌酸、肌酐、柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、尿酸、缬氨酸等8个潜在生物标志物,涉及的代谢通路包括氨基酸代谢、三羧酸循环、嘌呤代谢等.结论:理脾调脂胶囊对高脂血症脂代谢紊乱大鼠体内的差异代谢物有一定的回调作用,其主要作用机制与调节三羧酸循环,改善氨基酸代谢以及嘌呤代谢密切相关.

Depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder in the world. Recent evidence has shown that stress‐induced GABAergic dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) contributed to the pathophysiology of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes remain unclear. In this study, mice were constantly treated with the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) till showing depression‐like behaviours expression. GABA synthesis, release and uptake in the NAc tissue were assessed by analysing the expression level of genes and proteins of Gad‐1, VGAT and GAT‐3 by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. The miRNA/mRNA network regulating GABA was constructed based on the bioinformatics prediction software and further validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay in vitro and qRT‐PCR in vivo, respectively. Our results showed that the expression level of GAT‐3, Gad‐1 and VGAT mRNA and protein significantly decreased in the NAc tissue from CUMS‐induced depression‐like mice than that of control mice. However, miRNA‐144‐3p, miRNA‐879‐5p, miR‐15b‐5p and miRNA‐582‐5p that directly down‐regulated the expression of Gad‐1, VGAT and GAT‐3 were increased. In the mRNA/miRNA regulatory GABA network, Gad‐1 and VGAT were directly regulated by binding seed sequence of miR‐144‐3p, and miR‐15b‐5p, miR‐879‐5p could be served negative post‐regulators by binding to the different sites of VGAT 3′‐UTR. Chronic stress causes the impaired GABA synthesis, release and uptake by up‐regulating miRNAs and down‐regulating mRNAs and proteins, which may reveal the molecular mechanisms for the decreased GABA concentrations in the NAc tissue of CUMS‐induced depression.

百合病的病理机制乃元气困乏,气血运行不畅而蕴生内热,津亏血燥,热气伏于脉中遗留不去,淫于胸中,流于脾胃,阻于肝胆,以致脏腑经络失养,进而影响心的功能活动,导致阴阳失调,心神失守,最终表现为或闲静寡言,或行坐不安,神志恍惚,精神不定,如有神灵,口苦,舌赤、尿黄,脉数等一系列症状.虽然百合病临床表现多变,令人难以捉摸,但张志远先生指出,只要认清患者的症状表现,抓住元气匮乏、内热津亏的病机关键,就可正确诊断、用药,他还指出在治疗时要重视、善用百合地黄汤.

目的 比较附子单用与附子、薏苡仁配伍对大鼠心电图的影响,分析不同毒性反应,证明薏苡仁对附子的减毒作用,为临床合理应用附子提供科学依据.方法 根据“经方”附子-薏苡仁药对配伍,结合附子煎煮的文献研究,制备附子单煎液、薏苡附子混合煎液,对大鼠进行蒸馏水、附子单煎液、薏苡附子混合煎液的灌胃,对其给药前后的心电图(ECG)进行监测,研究不同煎液对心电P波振幅、R波振幅、T波振幅、PR间期、QRS间期、QT间期、ST间期、ST偏移量、心率的影响;解剖取出大鼠心脏,记录心脏重量,运用统计学方法开展薏苡仁对附子毒性的影响.结果 附子组与空白组、配伍组的R波振幅、T波振幅、PR间期、QRS间期、QT间期、ST间期、心率均有明显差异,附子组心电图出现多种异常,配伍组异常显著减少.结论 附子与薏苡仁配伍可明显减弱附子对心脏的毒性.

通过考辨小肠清浊功能发展源流，认为《内经》、《难经》中文字差异为分歧之源头，易水学派将小肠功能归属于胃，中西汇通医家依据西医解读小肠，泌别清浊功能逐渐边缘。重新梳理小肠泌别清浊功能，有利于继承《内经》理论，加深对唐宋方书相关文献的理解，丰富发展中医藏象理论。

采用文献学研究方法,系统梳理《诸病源候论》中小肠藏象理论,认为小肠具有运化水液,主司小便,与三焦膀胱共同形成机体津液代谢通道,功能失常则小便涩少,可致痰饮、消渴等;心与小肠相表里,小肠助心通利水饮,心火可下移小肠,心与小肠主血,与冲任共主妇人经带.

This paper reviews the various arguments aboutwho controlled mental activitiesand related arguments.Summary of re lated representative data about heart controlled mental activities,brain controlled mental activities,heart and brain con trolled mental activities.

系统梳理刘完素学术思想并探讨其对消渴病机的认识,刘完素学术思想的主体是运气学说、玄府气液学说和火热怫郁学说;认为脾肾亏虚,燥热内生,胃肠三焦玄府郁闭,气液代谢障碍是消渴的主要病机。