汽车产业是国民经济的支柱型产业,是推动新一轮科技革命和产业变革的重要力量,是建设制造强国的重要支撑,是国民经济的重要支柱.本文通过研究汽车行业不同细分车型领域的发展现状、生产制造的特点以及后续智能制造发展的重点,对比汽车行业智能制造特点与国家智能制造标准体系的差异性,基于国家智能制造标准体系的三维模型,形成对汽车行业智能制造标准化体系的建议,同时对标准体系中的基础共性、关键技术以及细分领域各自的重点内容进行了解释与明确.

GB/T 39116-2020《智能制造能力成熟度模型》提出了制造业通用的智能制造能力成熟度评估模型,但汽车行业制造工艺、生产模式、管理模式、销售模式等具有较强的行业特性.在国家标准模型基础上,结合汽车行业特点和国内外其他成熟度模型的应用实践,沿用PTRM四个能力要素,增加文化、供应链与物流能力域,优化完善研发、生产和销售三个能力域所属的能力子域,增加各能力子域对应的关键活动,形成汽车行业智能制造能力成熟度评估指标.

当前汽车行业智能制造市场发展前景不明确、供需双方认知不统一、市场分析片面等问题,严重影响了汽车行业智能制造的发展进程.针对以上情况,通过线上线下相结合的调查研究方法,深入分析了汽车行业智能制造市场发展的机遇与挑战,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望.

针对当前汽车企业智能制造发展不均衡、路线不明确、需求不统一等相关问题,在分析汽车企业智能制造整体发展现状的基础上,从整体、设计、生产、服务不同环节,挖掘了轻型汽车企业、重型商用车企业、零部件企业智能制造发展中存在的主要问题,并从不同环节对汽车企业智能制造转型升级的迫切需求进行了梳理,对促进汽车行业智能制造产学研交流与合作具有重要的指导意义.

经过多年的快速发展,我国多家汽车城已经初步完成汽车产业积累,但正面临着产业转型和城市转型的双重压力,迫切需要新的总体规划理念来引领发展.本文介绍了产城融合、生态城市与智慧城市的基本理念,分析了其对汽车城总体规划的启示,认为我国汽车城应通过产城融合理念促进汽车城的"平衡发展",通过生态城市理念实现汽车城的"持续发展",通过智慧城市理念满足汽车城的"未来发展",转型成功的汽车城将是产城融合的城市、生态宜居的城市和智慧的城市.

经过改革开放30多年的快速发展,汽车产业已经成为我国国民经济重要的支柱产业,全国各地已出现多个各具特色的汽车城.本文选取上海安亭汽车城和长春汽车城两家具有较长历史的汽车城,以及常熟汽车城和即墨汽车城两座新兴汽车城,比较了四座汽车城的产业规模与构成,重点分析他们的空间布局,总结出了我国汽车城空间布局的一些经验,包括空间布局考虑产业核心与产业多元化、空间布局要实现土地的高效利用和城市功能的协调,期望为国内其他汽车工业园或汽车城的建设提供参考建议.

从汽车大国的发展趋势来看,在汽车产业普及的过程中,汽车的制造、销售往往占据着汽车产业链的重要利润位置.但在汽车普及之后,新车销售放缓,汽车服务市场随即成为销售商大力拓展的区域.目前,我国汽车产业园主要以制造为核心,服务业发展相对滞后.未来我国汽车产业将从生产主导型模式向生产与服务并重模式转变,汽车服务产业园的数量将逐步增多.汽车服务产业园主要分为交易市场型(如北京东方基业汽车城、青岛崂山汽车园、天津空港汽车城等)、主题公园型(如阿联酋法拉利主题公园、北京金港汽车城等)、综合型(如上海国际汽车城、德国狼堡汽车城等).汽车服务产业园的选址将会直接影响园区建设项目投资、运营成本、未来收益,对所在区域的产业与城市的发展也将会产生深远影响.科学选址将有助于园区的成功建设、降低运营风险、实现区域的经济与社会效益,因此,本文将主要针对上述三类汽车服务产业园的选址问题进行研究,为政府、企业、研究机构的选址工作提供决策支持.

本文选取上海、重庆、宁波、常熟四座城市为实证研究对象,调查研究与比较分析这些区域的总体概况、发展历程、核心企业、产业结构和发展规划,并从培育核心企业集团、提升关键配套能力、做强装备制造产业、增强创新发展能力、推进新能源汽车产业、深化全球资源配置、完善汽车服务产业、促进产城融合发展等八个角度提出区域汽车产业优化升级策略.

生态工业园是一个拥有多个决策者的复杂系统,其风险管理也是一个复杂的过程,一般的风险辨识方法很难全面系统地识别和描述众多风险,文章采用层次全息模型(HHM)从内部成员、外部成员、结构关系和不可抗拒因素等多角度识别生态工业园存在的风险情景;并且以实例对其众多风险情景进行初步过滤、双重标准过滤与评价、多重标准评估、基于贝叶斯公式的定量化评级和相互依赖性分析五个方面对其进行过滤,寻找出主要的风险,使得决策者能够把有限的资源、精力和人力等集中到高风险情景的防范中。

At present, China is already one of the largest countries in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Therefore, it is of great strategic importance for China to enhance its oil security by utilizing its existing materials to produce alternative liquid fuel, that is, biodiesel on a large scale. In addition, the impact that desertification has had on China in general, is undeniable. It will become even severer and wider as the environment becomes increasingly worse. It is a feasible way to develop biodiesel in the desertification regions in China. This paper gives an analysis framework of biodiesel produced from microalgae and a systematic collection of all material and energy inputs and outputs throughout the life cycle of microalgae biodiesel production. To illustrate these, this study also evaluates the life cycle of the JJ company’s biodiesel production system with an annual output of 120 tons and places emphasis on studying its environmental impacts and resource consumption during various stages of the life cycle. Considering that microalgae are suitable for development of desert areas, this paper, through analyzing the technology roadmap of biodiesel produced by microalgae and evaluating the life circle of microalgae biodiesel, draws a conclusion that it is the optimal choice for China’s desert areas to develop biodiesel from microalgae. Results include that 1） compared with other general energy crops, the microalgae outweighs them due to the benefits of high oil content, small area requirement, and short growth cycle. In addition, microalgae seem to be suitable for the development of vast desertification areas in China. 2） According to the construction of microalgae biodiesel consumption CO2 analysis framework map and the systematic collection of the framework chart of material, energy input and output data, it is concluded that the technical difficulties are species selection and massive production of microalgae. The microalgae cultivation phase determines the amount of energy consumption. Besides, the method of microalgae biodiesel production by JJ Company can be meaningful for desertification areas in China to develop biodiesel. 3） Using the life cycle theory, it was calculated that 1t microalgae biodiesel oil consumes 1.77t standard coal approximately and discharges 4.92t CO2. The most energy consumption is in the microalgae production phase, where microalgae can absorb 0.72t CO2 approximately and have a good environment benefit. Therefore, developing microalgae biodiesel oil in the desertification area is one kind of effective way in relieving energy crisis and the environment pressure

生态工业园是一个拥有多个决策者的复杂系统,其风险识别也是一个复杂的过程,一般的风险辨识方法很难全面系统地识别和描述众多风险,本文采用层次全息模型(HHM)从风险相关者、损失类型、生命周期阶段、时间角度、系统结构关系、不可抗拒因素等六个角度识别生态工业园存在的风险情景,使得决策者能够全面了解生态工业园面临的风险。

循环经济是氯碱化工生态工业园实现可持续发展的一种重要的实践途径,如何判断其循环经济发展所处的阶段和辨别其发展中存在的主要问题是该类园区亟待解决的难题。从经济、物质减量与循环、污染控制、生态环境和园区管理五个方面选取评价指标,采用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合的方法对氯碱化工生态工业园的循环经济进行综合评价,为企业、园区制定循环经济发展决策提供科学依据。最后,以某氯碱化工生态工业园为例,证实了研究的有效性。

With the development and construction of eco-industrial parks,single-level SFA can not adapt itself to the enterprise's transition of its role shifting.Element flow analysis contains three main units of production,recovery and environment according to substance flow in the product life cycle.This paper aims to establish an environment impact model based on PRE for cross-level SFA.It also discusses the influence of the utilization of natural resources in production unit,the recycling rate in recycling unit,and the reusing rate in environmental unit,and their impact on the amount of natural resource inputs and waste emissions.Finally,the paper offers a a comparative study of the Cl-flows of aChlor-alkali enterprise before and after its entering into the eco-industrial park,and proposes a material integrated solution to improve the using of Cl-element,and the result shows a big efficiency in using Cl element while its defects on environment significantly reduced.

As the improvement of social awareness of environmental protection, the needs of the residents for good environment conditions have to be taken into account when decisions were made by Governments and corporations. In addition, corporations had to pay more attentions to environmental factors than economy and technology factors for Chemical Projects site selection. The tolerance of residents to chemical project was proposed in this paper, in which the definetion and the influence factors were described. And an evaluation indexes system of the tolerance of residents to the chemical project was employed, which contents four aspects of the dangerous of chemical project factors, enterprise factors, social influence factors and the residents themselves factors. Besides, the evaluation model of the tolerance of residents was established using the grey integrated method,and a example was discussed which proves the availability of this model.

As large quantities of energy and resources need to be consumed to produce Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin by calcium carbide process (CCP) whose process produces many hazardous waste,which will also cause resources,environment and ecological problems,so many calcium carbide process PVC (CCP-PVC) resin plants in China exchange their by-products and waste with other plants to form an industrial symbiosis network (ISN) to resolve those problems. With the research of practical application of ISN in CCP-PVC resin industry of China,four types of ISN models of CCP-PVC resin industry in China are constructed which are core companies oriented,equaling oriented,mixed oriented and virtual oriented model. Main features,advantages and disadvantages,applicability,resource conservation,by -product reusing,waste disposal of these four types 'models are analyzed and compared,and their appliance scopes and development directions are also proposed.

首先对城域网宽带运营商的战略环境进行分析,然后从指导思想、运营模式、具体策略和保障措施等方面对城域网宽带运营商的发展策略进行探讨.

Currently, many companies face dual pressures of bearing the cost of harmless treatment for industrial waste and the continuous rising of the price of raw materials and energy. In order to solve this problem, many industrial wastes from other companies are purchased to substitute the raw materials or energy, at the same time, it sales the industrial wastes of themselves, so the industrial symbiotic relationship is format between this two companies. In this paper, the transaction price of industrial waste is discussed, which is affected by the production of main products, cost of harmless treatment, cost of transportation and initialization treatment, market price of raw materials to be replaced, the government subsidies for the industrial waste recycling, Etc. A industrial waste transaction price model is constructed to maximize the total symbiotic benefit between the two enterprises formed a industrial symbiosis relationship, and the model solution process and a numerical example is also proposed, which provides a reasonable approach to price the industrial waste.

The enterprise business process is a very vital resource, and the enterprise's performance in economy and environment could be gradually improved through BPI (BPI). Moreover, as more and more attentions are being paid to environmental conservation, the connotations of green production and service have been constantly enriched. With the help of systematic analysis of many literatures related to BPI and theories about system, BPI and ecology, a four-dimensional framework for enterprise BPI is developed: green dimension, layers dimension, logic dimension and process dimension. The feasibility and validity of this framework was shown by means of a case study in HT Company.

Business environment is undergoing tremendous changes because of diversification and personalization of customers needs,and it is hard for the traditional function-oriented organization to satisfy these demands,therefore it requires new ideas to deal with the problem.Process-oriented organization has drawn the attention of more and more scholars and companies.In this paper,VSM(viable systems model) was used to design the process-oriented organization,and entropy theory was also employed for simulation computing of the degree of order of the organization structure.At last,process-oriented organization and function-oriented organization were compared based on the case study of HT broadband company.The result shows that information can be transferred faster,less distortion and more efficient in process-oriented organization.