Mussel Mytilus coruscus is a coastal economic culture species. However, massive mortalities associated with low-salt environments caused by persistent rainfall and freshwater inflow threaten its development. Herein, we examined its survival under different low-salt conditions. The survival rate of umbo and eyed larvae significantly decreased with the decline in salinity or prolonged stress time. The umbo larvae were more tolerant to low-salt stress than the eyed larvae. When the salinity levels dropped suddenly, the adults could not survive below 16‰ salinity, and their survival rate decreased faster with the increase in salinity span or the decrease in final stress salinity. However, the adults could tolerate a lower salinity levels when it dropped slowly, and their low-salt tolerance limit was 10‰. Therefore, mussel M. coruscus could adapt to a lower salinity only when the salinity levels dropped gradually. We also explored the physiological and adaptive responses of the foot in response to chronic prolonged low-salt stress by transcriptome analysis. We found that most genes in the “calcium ion binding” term and the osmoregulation-related genes were significantly induced in the salt 12 and 14 groups, suggesting the strong positive response in calcium signal transduction and osmoregulation under prolonged low-salt stress. The HSP70 and IAP genes were upregulated, suggesting that mussel M. coruscus protects itself from low-salt environments by inhibiting apoptosis. The cytoskeleton and cell cycle were inhibited, and the byssus attachment-related genes, such as tyrosinase and foot-protein genes, were suppressed, suggesting a negative response of cell division and byssus thread attachment during prolonged low-salt stress. The enhancement of carbohydrate metabolism indicated its positive role in maintaining energy homeostasis during prolonged low-salt stress. Our findings contribute to the improvement of culture technology and the guidance of selective breeding program for mussel M. coruscus and enhance our understanding of low-salt adaptation mechanism.

贻贝养殖周期短、环境适应力强,是我国重要的海水养殖经济贝类之一,具有较高的食疗价值和药用价值.本文通过实地走访调研,阐述了嵊泗贻贝产业发展的现状,对舟山嵊泗县贻贝产业进行了SWOT分析,并提出相关建议.研究结果表明:嵊泗县贻贝产业的优势为地理区位优越、科技支撑充足、种质资源良好;劣势包括养殖海域管理难、科学合理养殖水平低、苗种价格不稳定、产业融合度较低、销售模式单一、品牌效应不显著;机会包括政府重视程度高、市场需求旺盛、国家绿色渔业实验基地建设、蓝碳经济兴起;威胁包括市场竞争激烈、自然灾害影响大、政策扶持力度弱.嵊泗贻贝产业的发展应合理布局养殖海域、优化产业结构,加强科学合作、提升养殖技术,制定科学规划、打造特色品牌,完善体制机制、加强产业融合.

为筛选大黄鱼Larimichthys crocea耐寒基因,探寻低温胁迫对大黄鱼金属硫蛋白基因MT、水通道蛋白基因AQP1、HSP60蛋白基因TCP1表达的影响,以经过连续多代选育获得的F5代耐低温品系大黄鱼(体质量为55.35 g±3.52 g)和非耐低温品系大黄鱼(体质量为56.45 g±4.41 g)幼鱼为试验材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,研究了低温胁迫对耐低温品系大黄鱼组(N组)和非耐低温品系大黄鱼组(F组)肝脏和肌肉中MT、AQPl、TCP1基因表达水平的影响.结果表明:低温对大黄鱼MT、AQP1、TCP1基因均有不同程度的影响,且N、F组大黄鱼各基因表达量均有所差异;随着温度降低,N、F组大黄鱼肝脏和肌肉中的MT和TCP1基因表达量均呈上升趋势,在7℃时表达量均达到最高,且F组大黄鱼MT基因表达量显著高于N组(P<0.05),而N组大黄鱼TCP1基因表达量显著高于F组(P<0.05);各试验组大黄鱼肝脏和肌肉中AQP1基因表达量均随温度降低呈先升高后降低的趋势,在13 ℃时表达量均达到最高,在7℃时表达量均达到最低,且N组大黄鱼肝脏中的AQPI表达量显著低于F组(P<0.05),而各组肌肉中的 AQP1表达量则无显著性差异(P>0.05).研究表明,MT、AQP1、TCP1 3个基因均在大黄鱼低温适应过程中发挥重要作用,是潜在的研究大黄鱼耐寒机制的候选基因,耐低温品系和非耐低温品系大黄鱼上述3个基因在低温条件下的表达差异,也表明两个品系大黄鱼中抗寒能力存在区别.

研究了室内循环水养殖和虾塘混合养殖的大黄鱼体形性状和体色的差异性,对7个表型性状数据和3个不同部位体表颜色参数Lab值进行了比较分析.结果显示:室内循环水养殖的大黄鱼肥满度、体高/体长、尾柄高/尾柄长值均显著高于虾塘混合养殖的大黄鱼(P<0.05),尾柄长/体长、头长/体长值显著低于虾塘混合养殖的大黄鱼(P<0.05);两者吻长/头长值无显著性差异(P>0.05).室内循环水养殖的大黄鱼亮度高于虾塘混合养殖的大黄鱼;而躯干侧面背部、尾柄上侧a值(偏绿程度)显著低于虾塘混合养殖的大黄鱼(P<0.05);躯干侧面背部b值(偏黄程度)也显著低于虾塘混合养殖的大黄鱼(P<0.05).研究表明,虾塘混合养殖的大黄鱼体形瘦长、尾柄细长,体形略优于室内循环水养殖的大黄鱼;同时,体色的明亮程度要低于室内循环水养殖的大黄鱼,但偏黄程度略高.

In order to explore the purification effects of marine aquaculture wastewater by different mangroves in the area of Zhoushan,three mangrove plants that can resist cold better than other mangroves, which are kenaelia candel,aegiceras corniculaturn and avicennia marina, were used in the experimental study. The three mangrove plants were used to purify marine aquaculture wastewater from the greenhouses of shrimp culture for comparison and analysis. Also the unplanted constructed wetland was used as a control. The results showed that the purification effects of mangrove constructed wetlands are better than the unplanted constructed wetland. On the whole,the puri-fication effect of avicennia marina constructed wetland is relative better than the other two. But, in the earlier stage,the kenaelia candel constructed wetland purifies the marine aquaculture wastewater better.

在乡村振兴大背景下,美丽乡村建设也被赋予新的时代意义.近年来,"嵊泗贻贝"依靠其显著的经济、文化和生态效益,已成为枸杞乡渔业新的经济增长点,成为重要的海洋支柱产业.针对枸杞乡在整体乡村规划、村级经济发展、产业融合以及贻贝产业链等诸多方面存在问题,提出了在新的时代背景下结合其独特的优势,对资源进行优化和整合,发展"一乡一品",探索自己特色品牌的发展思路.

为探究不同滤料和碳氮比对对虾养殖尾水处理效果的影响,采用藤壶壳和聚乙烯(PE)作为生物滤料,考察了碳氮比分别为5、10、20、30时对南美白对虾Penaeus vannamei养殖尾水的水处理效果.结果表明:碳氮比分别为5、10、20时,藤壶壳组的总氨氮、 亚硝酸盐去除率高于PE组,但碳氮比为30时,藤壶组和PE组的总氨氮和亚硝酸盐去除效果无显著性差异(P>0.05);藤壶组和PE组在碳氮比为20和30时,总氨氮去除率在30 h后均显著高于碳氮比为5和10时(P<0.05),去除率高于98％;藤壶组和PE组碳氮比为10、20、30时,在30 h后亚硝酸盐去除率显著高于碳氮比为5时(P<0.05),去除率高于93.79％.综合本研究中不同滤料和不同碳氮比对水质处理效果的研究结果,并结合藤壶壳和PE的经济成本,建议尾水处理中碳氮比取20:1,滤料取藤壶壳较为适宜.

利用14对微卫星引物,对采捕于辽宁葫芦岛、山东青岛、江苏连云港以及浙江舟山附近海域的梭鱼(Liza haematocheila)4个野生地理群体进行群体遗传多样性分析.结果显示,14对微卫星引物均能扩增出清晰的条带且具有一定的多态性,4个野生群体的多态性百分率分别为92.86％、92.87％、100.00％和85.71％.4个群体共扩增出61个等位基因,4个群体的等位基因数为3.786-4.000,有效等位基因数为2.673-2.899,观测杂合度为0.359-0.389,期望杂合度为0.503-0.561,多态信息含量为0.465-0.513,说明4个群体遗传多样性处于中等多态水平.运用SPSS软件对杂合度期望值进行Kruskal-Wallis检验,其结果(H=0.187,df=3,P=0.980)表明,4个群体间的遗传多样性差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),各群体大部分微卫星位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＜0.05).另外,研究发现,葫芦岛和舟山均出现两个位点呈现杂合子过剩,其他两群体均出现3个位点呈现杂合子过剩(Fis＜0),表明近期可能出现过瓶颈效应.所有群体间遗传分化系数为0.148,基因流值为1.444,群体间出现中度遗传分化,群体间出现一定程度基因流.两群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.623-0.818,遗传距离为0.202-0.473,青岛和葫芦岛的遗传距离最近(0.202),而连云港和舟山的最远(0.473),这可能与梭鱼幼体的扩散能力及近海沿岸生态环境及群落结构有关.采用UPGMA法对4个群体进行聚类分析,结果显示,4个地理群体按其地理位置由北向南依次聚为一类.

近年来，贻贝产业依靠其显著的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益，已经当之无愧地成为了嵊泗县的重要海洋支柱产业，但持续高速发展的贻贝产业也遇到了一系列的问题与挑战，例如苗种质量问题、贻贝质量问题、养殖问题、销售问题以及养殖海域等，这对嵊泗以至舟山的海洋经济、社会、民生皆存在重大影响。

Using indoor algae and no algae breeding methods, the influence of Litopenaeus vannamei growth and nutrients was studied. As a result, the survival rate, feed coefficient (FCR) and output of two groups algae (Y) and no algae (W) have little difference. The prawn in“algae”group has increased final weight, specific growth rate (SGR), daily gain (DWG) and weight percent gain (GBW) compared with no algae group, but each experiment pool has no significant difference (P>0.05). The final length and growth rate in each pool also have no significant difference (P>0.05). The moisture of muscle, crude protein in no alage pool was higher than algae group, the group W2 has a highest muscle moisture, and the group W1 has a highest muscle crude protein, the differences were not significant yet (P>0.05). The muscle fat and ash content in algae groups were higher than the no algae groups, and&nbsp;the muscle fat and ash content in group Y1 were the highest, the muscle fat and ash content in group W2 were the lowest, the differences were not significant ( P>0.05), however, the muscle ash content of algae group was significant higher than the no algae group (P<0.05). The muscle total amino acid and umami amino acids in no algae group was higher than algae group, the muscle total amino acid in each experiment pool has no significant difference ( P>0.05). Above all, the two breeding model algae and no algae have no significant influence to the growth and muscle nutrition of L. vannamei.

采用选择性培养基通过定量增加亚硝酸盐含量来富集筛选好氧反硝化细菌,经过选择性培养基初步筛选,测定NO2--N与NO3-N的去除率,再通过反硝化培养基复筛选出同时具有去除NO2--N与NO3--N能力的目的菌.通过16S rRNA基因序列分析及同源性比对以及与其他已筛选出的部分硝化细菌与反硝化细菌的比对构建系统发育树,结合菌株的生理生化鉴定试验,鉴定出目的菌株.在好氧、28℃培养条件下,在反硝化培养基中,该菌株5d内将NO2--N由3 570 mg/L降至22 mg/L,去除率达99.4％,将与NO3--N由2 464 mg/L降至27 mg/L,去除率达98.9％.通过形态学、生理生化反应以及16S rRNA序列测定鉴定菌株DB-6为阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae),命名为DB-6.新筛选的阴沟肠杆菌反硝化能力较强,具有生物脱氮的应用潜质,有望应用于海水养殖水质净化.

[Objective]The research aimed to understand the development characteristics and physiological and ecological conditions of Premnas biaculeatus.[Method] The development process of P.biaculeatus oosperm under the laboratory conditions of(26 + 1) ℃,salinity of(25 +1) was studied.[Result] The oosperm of P.biaculeatus was oval.According to the morphological characteristics,the embryonic development process was divided into 10 stages: per-cleavage stage,cleavage stage,blastula stage,gastrul stage,neurlua stage,somite stage,turnover stage,angiogenesis stage,organ formation stage and hatching stage.The long diameter of oosperm was 1.99mm,the color of oosperm in the development process was gradually deepened.The oosperm of P.biaculeatus took about 154h to complete the whole incubation period at water temperature of 26 ℃.The whole length of newly-hatched larvae was(3.6 ± 0.1)mm.[Conclusion]The research could provide theoretical basis for the artificial production of P.biaculeatus.

选择舟山市桃花岛碳汇渔业示范区作为调研对象,于2013年2-8月对网箱养殖区、海带养殖区、海带养殖区上游(对照点)和海带养殖区下游各站位水质参数以及海带生物量的变化进行了为期7个月的跟踪调研.调查结果显示,海带在减轻海水富营养化方面效果显著,在去除海水无机氮方面尤为明显.与对照点相比,海带养殖区下游无机氮平均浓度降低了15.3％,水体富营养化得以改善,网箱养殖区海水与对照点相比,无机氮平均浓度显著降低(P＜0.05),海带养殖未使海水中有机质含量升高.在固碳能力方面,该海域海带的年固碳能力为0.234 kg/m2,通过标准化转换,固碳速率最高达403t/(km2·年),通过海带养殖,该示范区一年总共可吸收碳(C) 31 200 kg,吸收氮(N)2130 kg,吸收磷(P)300 kg.本研究说明海带具有一定的生物修复与固碳能力,可为建立鱼藻生态复合养殖系统提供参考.

Salinity has significant influences on the growth, metabolism and physiological changes in fish. In this study we explored the growth of juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum(7.82±0.43 g) and the Na+/K+-ATP enzyme under five graduated salinities, and found that salinities had impact on the growth and survival of the juvenile fish. We tested the growth performance under salinities of 2, 10, 18, 26 and 34. Along with the increase in the salinity, the final weights,SGR,DWG,GBW andGBL of the juvenile fish all decreased, and there were significant differences (P＜0.05) between some salinity groups. Salinity 2 had the highest values of all measurements, and it was significantly different from salinity 18, 26 and 34 (P＜0.05), but there was no difference between salinity 2 and salinity 10 (P＞0.05). The measurements of salinity 34 were significantly lower than other groups (P＜0.05). The feed coefficient of juvenile fish increased as the salinity rose, and some groups showed significant differences (P＜0.05). The survival rate of salinity 34 is 72.2%, lower than other groups (P＜0.05) of which the survival rates were above 90%. Salinity also affected the Na+/K+-ATP enzyme in the gill of juvenile fish. After 3-day salinity domestication, the activity of Na+/K+-ATP enzyme in some groups was remarkably increased. The enzyme activity at salinity 34 was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05), and salinity 18 and salinity 26 exhibited lower enzyme activities (P＜0.05). After 10 days the enzyme activities at salinity 2, 10 and 34 became slightly lower, and thereafter all salinity groups displayed stable enzyme activities. After a 30-day culture, we found that the optimal salinity for Na+/K+-ATP enzyme was 34 at which the enzyme activity was significantly higher (P＜0.05). The enzyme activity at salinity 2 and 10 was insignificantly lower than that at salinity 18 and 26. These results demonstrated that salinity had effects on the growth of juvenileE. tetradactylum and its Na+/K+-ATP enzyme activity.

Morphological development and growth characteristics of four-finger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradacty-lum ( Shaw) larvae and juveniles were investigated under artificial hatchery condition. It was found that the newly hatched four-finger threadfin larvae had total length of (1. 957±0. 055)mm, began initial feeding on 2nd day, and showed complete exhausted yolk sac on 3rd day at a salinity of 30 at 26 ℃, when the larvae were fed. The larval stage lasted for 13 days after hatching,and the juvenile stage was kept from 14th day to 36th day when the juveniles developed into young stage. Growth characteristics analysis revealed that there were significantly higher total length, pre-anal length and body height in larval stage than in the juveniles, with very significant polynomial func-tion correlation between day-age and total length, pre-anal length and body height (P<0. 01). Significant differ-ences in individual size were observed during the larva rearing with the differences between the minimum and maxi-mum of 2. 437 times in total length, and 2. 004 times in pre-anal length. Thus it is suggested that enough suitable food be fed during larvae rearing.

In this paper, eight microsatellite polymorphism markers were used for three populations of large yellow croaker (Pseudoseiaena crocea Richardson) to research genetic diversity. A total of 90 individuals from different populations of P. crocea were served to evaluate the population genetic diversity with these mi-crosatellites DNA logic. For each locus, 5-10 alleles were amplified, adding up to 64 alleles in all the 3 pop-ulations. Average observed and expected heterozygosities(Ho and He) were 0.911 1 and 0.810 8. Average poly-morphism information content (PIC) is 0.780 0. The results show that the three P. crocea populations remain high genetic variation. Average observed heterozygosis and expected heterozygosis of three groups were 0.891 7, <br> 0.900 0, 0.941 7 and 0.738 4, 0.743 2, 0.821 3. Shannon diversity index were 1.467 0, 1.449 0, 1.800 9. All those shows that the genetic diversity at a higher level of three populations of P. crocea. In addition to LYC0015 and LYC0009, the observed allele frequency of most of microsatellites loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberge quilib-rium. According to the results of clustering analysis of the three groups, Daishan Cultured population and Zhujiajian Xi′ao cage farming population were genetically close while Zhujiajian Xi′ao population and F2 off-spring of cold tolerance population from Fisheries Institute of Zhoushan were distant.

Cold tolerance is a kind of important economic traits in fishes. To further explore the cold tol-erance characters of large yellow croaker, this study used 13 microsatellite markers in Daiquyang large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea R. cold tolerance group and normal control group of 2 F 2 populations of 50 indi-viduals as the object of study, analysis of genetic differences between cold tolerance characters of groups. The results show: the 13 microsatellite loci in 2 groups of daiquyang P. crocea were detected 109 alleles, observed allele 85, average effective number of alleles were 6.49, the observed heterozygosity was 0.89, the expected heterozygosity was 0.85, the average polymorphic information content values of 2 groups was 0.81, all for the&nbsp;highly polymorphic, showed that the 13 microsatellite loci in the breeding of Daiquyang P. crocea group showed high polymorphism, meaning that the genetic diversity is very abundant, can be using as breeding groups. Microsatellite marker LYC0015 associated with coldtolerance displayed that in the two group of sam-ples, the amplified 5 alleles (fragment were 112, 110, 108, 106 and 104 bp), and the LYC0015112bp allele fre-quency in cold tolerance group was 48%, while in the normal control group was, showing that this allele is sen-sitive to the temperature characteristics of Daiquyang P. crocea, probably with some cold tolerance genes exist certain linkage. The result can provide the basic data for the study on breeding of Daiquyang P. crocea group of cold tolerance in the future.

we studied the gonad somatic index (GSI), liver weight index and gonad histology of the wild male Oplegnathus fasciatus. The result showed that the GSI of the O. fasciatus was between 0.19%~10.56%. Reproductive season was mainly from May to June. The HSI changed in wave-type: it changed up gradually from January to March, but, changed down gradually from April to June, then increased again from July to August, and eventually, it decreased gradually after September. O. fasciatus testis were in foliations, which were divided into five stages in an annual cycle of testicle development, preproliferative period, proliferative period, growth period, the mature period, degradation and absorption period. The type of the ejaculation was synchronization and batches. TheⅢasynchrony of testis was very obvious with the existing spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes. At the later stage, this non-synchronization gradually disappeared.

为研究MS-222对条石鲷的最适麻醉浓度以及麻醉剂对鱼应对低温刺激的影响,在22±0.5℃海水温度下,比较了不同浓度(50、100、150、200、250和300 mg· L-)MS-222对条石鲷的麻醉效果,并以血糖和血浆中的乳酸含量为指标,研究MS-222对条石鲷应对低温刺激的影响.试验结果:麻醉时间随着MS-222浓度的升高呈下降趋势,浓度为100 mg·L-1时麻醉时间最长(5.13±0.81 min),显著高于其它各组(P＜0.05)；浓度为200～300 mg·L-时,试验鱼在3 min内可被深度麻醉,且麻醉时间没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).恢复时间则随着MS-222浓度的升高呈上升趋势,浓度为100 mg·L-1时恢复时间最短(1.66±0.53 min),显著低于200 ～ 300 mg·L-1浓度组；150 ～300 mg·L-1浓度下,恢复时间没有显著性差异(P＞0.05),试验鱼在3 min内均恢复到正常状态.结果表明:在该试验条件下,MS-222对条石鲷的适宜麻醉浓度为200 mg·L-1.在麻醉剂对条石鲷急性低温应激影响的试验中,以50 mg·L-1的MS-222处理的鱼体内的血糖浓度相对于未处理鱼变化平缓,乳酸的变化则呈现出不同的趋势.表明MS-222的处理改变了鱼体中应对低温刺激的代谢底物情况,减缓了鱼体为应对急性冷刺激而引起的血糖和血浆中乳酸含量变化.