Buyang Huanwu Dcoction (BYHWD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for the clinical treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy which is a common complication after motor neuron injury and seriously affects the recovery of skeletal muscle function. This study aimed to explore the main components of Buyang Huanwu decoction and its possible mechanism for treating skeletal muscle and nerve atrophy in mice. Total fibular nerve injury model was established by using total fibular nerve clamp surgery. Main component of decoction was detected by HPLC and LC-MS, the morphology of skeletal muscle samples was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) and laser lens, and the expressions of muscular atrophy related proteins were detected by Western blot. Astragaloside is the main components of BYHWD, it promotes the recovery of injured neuroskeletal muscle and significantly inhibits the atrophy of related muscle tissue (P<0.05). Denervation of skeletal muscle is closely related to autophagy, and Astragaloside can effectively inhibit autophagy after skeletal muscle injury. Astragaloside, the main component of BYHWD, promotes the recovery of skeletal muscle denervation by inhibiting autophagy.

In this study, the enrolled patients were treated with active glucose control, blood pressure control or improvement of anemia. And instruct patients to adhere to low-salt and low-fat diet, ingest part of a low-protein diet, and reduce the effect of glomerular hyperfiltration as much as possible. When the disease enters the third stage, the doctor usually recommends a protein intake of 0.6 g/(kg d) to slow down the progression of the disease as much as possible. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, according to the existing theory, CKD is more common, and its treatment principle is mainly to strengthen the spleen and kidneys, eliminate pathogenic bacteria, and activate meridians. The results of this study showed that serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in the traditional Chinese medicine group were lower than those in the conventional group. The overall effective rate of the TCM group was 73.33

Denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy is a disease induced by skeletal muscle associated peripheral neuro-disconnection. Its specific molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The treating for denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy is applied with an herbal complex Buyang Huanwu Tang used in traditional Chinese medicine and subjected to the established denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy in rat models, and the therapeutic effects and associated mechanisms were evaluated in the pathogenesis of denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy. Denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy in rats was established and randomly divided into eight groups, including Normal control, Model, Positive control, Model + Buyang Huanwu Tang, Model + astragalus extracts, Model + Buyang Huanwu Tang-astragalus, Buyang Huanwu Tang + LY294002, and astragalus extract + LY294002 group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay were used to examine the inflammatory response of muscle tissues. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting assay were utilized to analyze mRNA and protein expression. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect molecule expression in anterior cervical muscle tissues. Motor endplate activity was examined using the wholemount acetylcholinesterase staining method. The wet mass ratio of anterior cervical muscle was measured. The results indicated that Buyang Huanwu Tang treatment significantly alleviated inflammatory response, enhanced acetylcholinesterase activity, and motor endplate functions, and promoted wet mass of anterior cervical muscle compared to denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy rat models (P < 0.05). Buyang Huanwu Tang regulated molecules of PI3K/PKB/GSK3β/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Buyang Huanwu Tang significantly reduced muscle atrophy F-box protein, MuFR-1, Bax and caspase 9 expression, significantly enhanced Bcl-2 expression, and remarkably increased element-binding protein and vascular endothelial growth factor levels, compared to Model group (P < 0.05). Buyang Huanwu Tang suppressed caspase 9 and caspase 3 activity and associated apoptosis. Moreover, PI3K specific blocker, LY294002, significantly inhibited the effects of Buyang Huanwu Tang on the above molecule expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Buyang Huanwu Tang improved motor endplate functions of denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy rat model through suppressing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and activating PI3K/PKB/FOXO1 signaling pathway.

Denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy (DSMA) is considered to be the neuro-disconnection of skeletal muscle. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT) on the DSMA and clarify associated molecular and genetic mechanisms. DSMA rat models were established according to the previously published study and divided into Model group and BYHWT group. Meanwhile, normal rats were assigned as Normal control (NC) group. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to examine inflammatory responses. Motor endplate activity was evaluated with wholemount acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining. Mass-spectrometry analysis was conducted to compare differentially expressed proteins. RNAs were prepared and applied to gene functional analysis. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were employed to analyze biological functions. The results indicated that BYHWT remarkably alleviated inflammatory responses and significantly improved motor endplate function, compared to that in DSMA Model rats (P<0.05). In BYHWT group, there were 393 differentially up-regulated and 576 differentially down-regulated molecules compared to that in Model group. Comparing to Model group, the cellular response to interferon-gamma, integral component of plasma membrane and voltage-gated potassium channel activity genes in BYHWT group were the most biological process (BP), cellular component (CC) and molecular function (MF) differential genes, respectively. Fructose/mannose metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism KEGG signaling pathways illustrated the most significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, BYHWT alleviated the inflammations and improved the motor endplate function of DSMA rats by activating cellular response to interferon-gamma, integral component of plasma membrane and voltage-gated potassium channel activity genes and associated signaling pathways.

We aim to study the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction (Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Pheretima, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Carthami Flos and Persicae Semen) on NF-κB/MuRFl signaling pathway in the denervated tibial muscle atrophy of rats and explore its protection mechanisms. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to common peroneal nerve crush models of 5 mm injury, and then were randomly divided into six groups for daily intragastric administration of drugs： sham operation group, model group, Buyang Huanwu decoction high, middle and low dose groups, and mecobalamin group (as a positive control). After drug administration for 10 days and 21 days, the gene and protein expression levels of NF-κB and MuRFl in the tibial muscle of rats were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed that, as compared with the model group, RNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB and MuRF1 were significantly reduced in Buyang Huanwu decoction middle and high-dose groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These results indicated that Buyang Huanwu decoction could inhibit ubiquitin proteasome system probably by activating NF-κB/MuRF1 signal pathway to protect the denervated tibial muscle atrophy of rats.

Denervated-dependent skeletal muscle atrophy (DSMA) is a disorder caused by the peripheral neuro‑disconnection of skeletal muscle. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic strategies for the DSMA. A DSMA rat model was established. A lentiviral vector expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting angiopoietin‑like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) was generated and injected into the rats that were also treated with Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT). Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine ANGPTL4 mRNA expression in anterior cervical muscle samples. Western blot assay was used to evaluate ANGPTL4, nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) and muscle RING‑finger protein‑1 (MURF1) expression. The ultrastructure of muscle tissues was viewed using transmission electron microscopy. The cell apoptosis in muscle tissues was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. The results indicated that BYHWT treatment increased ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein levels in muscle tissues. The suppression of ANGPTL4 using siRNA significantly increased inflammatory cells compared with the control siRNA group. BYHWT protected the ultrastructure muscle tissues and inhibited cell apoptosis in the DSMA model. The protective effect of BYHWT protected may be mediated by increased expression of NF‑κB p65 and MURF1. In conclusion, BYHWT may improve denervation‑dependent muscle atrophy by increasing ANGPTL4 expression, involving NF‑κB and MURF1 signaling.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Astragali Radix on the denervated tibial muscle atrophy in rats, and discuss its mechanism.METHOD:Totally 60 SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley rats were selected in the common peroneal nerve crush model, and then randomly divided into 6 groups: Astragali Radix high-dose, medium-dose, low-dose groups, the Mecobalamin group, the model group, and the sham operation group. They were administered with drugs after the operation. At 18 d, the pathological section staining and morphological analysis were performed. The wet-weight ratio and section area of tibial muscles were also measured. The real-time fluorescence quantification was adopted to detect the differential expression between Angptl4 and PI3K genes.RESULT:(1) Wet-weight ratio: The wet-weight ratio in Astragali Radix high-dose, medium-dose groups was much higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (2) Section area: The sham operation group was higher, with regular morphology; Whereas the model group showed significant decrease, with chaotic structure and obvious connective tissue proliferation; Astragali Radix groups and the mecobalamin group showed relatively small section areas, with chaotic structure and unobvious connective tissue proliferation. Compared with the model group, Astragali Radix groups showed significant increase (P < 0.01). (3) Motor end plate: The sham operation group was in uniform brownish black color and oval or round shape; Astragali Radix medium-dose and high-dose group and the mecobalamin group showed rough line edges; Astragali Radix medium-dose and low-dose groups and the model group showed decline in the number, with irregular morphology, rough line edges and a light color. (4) Angptl4 and PI3K: Compared with the model group, the Astragali Radix high-dose group showed significant increase (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Astragali Radix has a significant effect in preventing and treating denervated tibial muscle atrophy. It may delay the muscle atrophy by increasing Angptl4 and PI3K gene expressions.

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Periploca calophylla. METHODS: The samples were separated and purified on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI, RP-18 column. Their structures were identified by spectral and chemical methods. RESULTS: Eight compounds were isolated from the chloroform part of P. calophylla, including periplocin (1), periplogenin (2), periplocoside M (3), 2α, 3β,23 trihydroxy ursolu 12 ene 28 carboxylic acid (4), glycoside E (5), ursolic acid (6),β-sitosterol (7), daucosterol(8). CONCLUSION: Compounds 2,3 and 4 are isolated from P. calophylla for the first time.

目的 对青风藤化学成分进行分离、鉴定.方法 青风藤干燥藤茎用95%乙醇溶液加热回流提取,减压回收乙醇,所得浸膏利用硅胶柱色谱、反相RP-18柱色谱及重结晶等方法进行分离及纯化,并通过~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、EI-MS及理化常数对分离化合物进行结构鉴定.结果 从青风藤提取物中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为尖防己碱(I)、蝙蝠葛波酚碱(II)、dauriporphinoline(III)、蝙蝠葛宁(Ⅳ)、dauricumine(V)、6-O-demethyl- menisporphine(VI)、acutuminine(Ⅶ)、(--)-8-oxotetrahydrothalifendine(Ⅷ)、(--)-oxoisocorypalmine(IX)、四氢表小檗碱(X)、四氢巴马亭(Ⅺ).结论 化合物VI、VII、Ⅺ为首次从青风藤中分离得到.

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the stems and rhizomes of Sinomenium acutum.Methods Column chromatograghy on Silica gel,Rp-18 and recrystallization were applied for the isolation and purification of the constituents.The structures were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and spectral data.Results Six compounds were obtained and identified as sinomenine ①,daucosterol②,(-)-DL-syringaresinol③,syringaresinol-4′,4′-O-bis-β-D-glucoside④,syringin⑤,(+)-syringaresinol-4′-O-β-D-monoglucoside⑥.Conclusion Compounds 4,,5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

AIM To explore the effect of gastrin 17 (G17) on beta-catenin/T cell factor-4 (Tcf-4) signaling in colonic cancer cell line Colo320WT. METHODS The pCR3.1/GR plasmid, which expresses gastrin receptor, cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK-2R), was transfected into a colonic cancer cell line Colo320 by Lipofectamine (TM)2000 and the stably expressing CCK-2R clones were screened by G418. The expression levels of gastrin receptor in the Colo320 and the transfected Colo320WT cell line were assayed by RT-PCR. Colo320WT cells were treated with G17 in a time-dependent manner (0, 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h), then with L365,260 (Gastrin(17) receptor blocker) for 30 min, and with G17 again for 12 h or L365,260 for 12 h. Expression levels of beta-catenin in a TX-100 soluble fraction and TX-100 insoluble fraction of Colo320WT cells treated with G17 were detected by co-immuniprecipation and Western blot. Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the distribution of beta-catenin in CoLoWT320 cells. Expression levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 in Colo320WT cells treated with G17 were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS Expression levels of beta-catenin in the TX-100 solution fraction decreased apparently in a time-dependent fashion and reached the highest level after G17 treatment for 12 h, while expression levels of beta-catenin in the TX-100 insoluble fraction were just on the contrary. Immunocytochemistry showed that beta-catenin was translocated from the cell membranes into the cytoplasm and nucleus under G17 treatment. Expression levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 in the G17-treated Colo320WT cells were markedly higher compared to the untreated Colo320WT cells. In addition, the aforementioned G17-stimulated responses were blocked by L365,260. CONCLUSION Gastrin17 activates beta-catenin/Tcf-4 signaling in Colo320WT cells, thereby leading to over-expression of c-myc and cyclin D1.

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia. Method Compounds were isolated and purified with silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and their structures were determined by using spectroscopic analysis including MS and NMR. Result Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 5, 7-dihydroxy-6, 4'-dimethoxyflavone (1), 5, 7-dihydroxy-6, 3', 4'-trimethoxyflavone (2), ursolic acid (3), 3-hydroxy-4(8)-ene-p-menthane-3(9)-lactone (4), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxyflavone (5), 5, 4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (6), hesperidin (7), luteolin (8) and daucesterol (9). Conclusion Compounds 1, 2, 6 were first obtained from the spikes of S. tenuifolia.