In order to realize the measurement of the micro relative displacement of the optical components in the vibration environment, first of all, the vibration type of the electro-optical pod was analyzed. The relative micro displacement between the mirror and the frame in the vibration environment was simulated, especially the primary mirror component, which affects the imaging of the optical system by the reflector components. Then, a set of micro displacement measurement devices is designed to make it possible for measuring micro displacement in vibration environment with high precision. The relative displacement of the mirror and the frame in the primary component of an optical system is measured by the devices, the experimental measurement results are consistent with the simulation results. The high-precision measurement of the micro displacement of the optical components in the vibration environment is realized, which proves the effectiveness and correctness of the measurement devices and the method. On the basis of the accurate measurement of micro displacement, measurements to reduce the relative displacement between the mirror and the frame in the vibration environment are proposed, which provides an optimization direction for the improvement of the imaging quality of the optical system.

A common reference calibration method was proposed for the precision alignment of off-axis two-mirror optical systems with adjustable focus,which ensured that the guide rail and the optical axis of the primary and secondary mirrors were precisely aligned with the same reference,and realized the parallel movement axis of the guide rail and the optical axis of the primary and secondary mirrors.The consistency debugging of the optical axis was completed through two parts:initial adjustment and fine adjustment.The initial adjustment realized that the primary and secondary mirrors were basically located in the theoretical installation position,reducing the adjustment errors.Then,the computer-aided adjustment was performed to achieve precise adjustment of optical axis consistency of the primary and secondary mirrors,so that the system wave aberration met the requirements.The experimental results show that the wave aberration root mean square(RMS)of the infinitely distant system reaches(1/15)λ(λ=632.8 nm),the system has a diffraction resolution of 0.64",and the system is focused to 10 mm.The measured focal length of the primary and secondary mirror system is 1 608 mm,and the system resolution reaches 2.6",which meets the design requirements.

针对共光路系统对环境温度的适应性问题，以温度-光学变形特性研究为基础，提出了一种基于综合传热的主镜组件分区域热控方法。建立了主镜组件的传热模型并分析了典型热控工况下的温度分布特性；对不同材质的主镜进行了热仿真，以热光学试验结果修正模型，使主镜温度场的仿真与实测结果绝对偏差小于1.4℃，同时确定了主镜组件的温度梯度控制阈值；采用分区传热策略，使主镜组件达到高温升水平、低温度梯度的热控目标。以某主镜组件为对象进行了仿真与试验：当主镜平均温升达到16℃以上时，镜体轴向温度梯度≤2.5℃，径向与周向温度梯度≤2.4℃，主镜面形变化量小于0.005λ，该结果可为共光路系统的整体热控方案设计提供优化思路。

箱外光电系统综合检测仪是光电成像系统高低温性能检测装置的重要组成部分，多光谱光学窗口是高低温箱和外置目标模拟器的接口。论文根据应用需求及材料分析结果，选取多光谱ZnS作为光学窗口材料，通过热传导理论对光学窗口组件低温使用状态进行分析，重点分析窗口组件在低温条件下加热对窗口组件面型的影响，并提出了实现微应力装配的结构形式及解决窗口组件在低温条件下结霜结雾的设计方案；通过sigfit对有限元计算结果进行提取、处理以及数据拟合，并通过CODE V分析口径为Φ310 mm窗口组件在使用温度范围内的波像差RMS，分析结果显示优于λ/15，满足窗口组件的光学性能要求，最后通过实物样机进行了验证。实验结果表明：该多光谱光学窗口组件的结构设计方案既满足多波段使用要求，又满足低温除霜除雾要求，同时保证了高低温条件下的光学性能要求。

为了满足两镜反射系统对光学元件高精度的装调、定位要求,以及系统工程化应用对可靠性与装调效率的要求,提出了一种基于人工神经网络(ANN)的自适应装调技术。基于矢量波像差理论分析两镜系统波像差与失调量的映射关系,在Keras框架下搭建ANN,并以非解析思路构建了自适应装调模型,开发了自适应装调装置,使失调次镜的平移调校精度优于2 μm,倾斜调校精度优于2″,解决了算法设计与精度优化、反射镜组微应力固联等技术难题,并对某双抛无焦系统完成了自适应装调验证。试验结果表明:运用该装调技术,两镜反射系统装调后波像差优于λ/16、装调周期大幅缩短、装配可靠性通过环境试验考核,为该技术的工程化应用打下了基础。

An centering alignment technique of collimation lens group based on the optical axis of primary mirror is introduced in this paper, so as to meet up with the deviation requirements in the assembly of high-quality Common Path Optical system. A non-aberration system is designed in the first place in order to analyse the conjunction between the Wave-front aberration and eccentric error, then construct the simulation model of cassegrain system and collimation lens group based on test result, formed the eccentric error mapping relationship between the two variables. The collimation lens group is then assembied and aligned on the basis of the axis of the aspheric primary mirror. The technique has been verified through both simulative tests and actual measurements, and the results suggest the eccentric error is less than 0.04mm, and the Common Path Optical system Wave-front aberration RMS less than 0.03um.

A high-accuracy, standardize alignment technology is brought up, to adapt to the features and requirements of catadioptric linear array LWIR sensor, which are far-reaching, small F-number, and unable to staring imaged. The technique guarantees the accuracy of surface after alignment in the first place by using collimator and CMM which strictly controls the optical interval between the primary and secondary mirror, and then introduces wave front aberration measurement to adjust the tilt-errors and shift-errors of the primary and secondary mirror. After that, the method of reference conversion is adopted to line up the optical axis of the primary and secondary mirror and relay lens. At last, a linear detector is adopted to make adjustments to image and optical axis by using mirror. The paper introduces the key techniques in the alignment process such as centering by laser, microstress bond, alignment of the optical interval between the primary and secondary mirror, alignment for each lens, linear detector alignment etc. The results indicate that by introducing these technologies, the MDTD of the sensors can reach as high as 4 K, and the outdoor detection distance is more than 60 km. All the parameters meet design requirements.

介绍了一种定量、直观、高效的光机装调工艺技术思路——量化分析技术,提出了量化分析技术在光电稳瞄系统光机装调工艺过程中的作用.通过多个详实的例子,介绍了量化分析技术在光机装调过程中的应用基础、分析过程和反馈指导等环节,并给出了利用量化分析得到的装调结果,即相比传统工艺,量化分析技术可以明显提高光电稳瞄产品光机装调的精度与装调效率.最后,对量化分析技术的推广应用进行了思考,旨在提升光电稳瞄产品的试制生产质量与效率.

A new high‐precision assembly technique by combining traditional turnery technique with computer assisted assembly ,in an attempt to meet the strict requirements on centering er‐rors of high‐precision standard lens ,was introduced .First ,the tilt‐errors of optical axes were managed by turning centering initially ,and then with the assistance of high‐precision centering errors measurement ,shift‐error alignment for each lens was conducted .Last ,through simula‐ting the optical axis space state by computer ,the ration abrade for circle was done precisely at given angle so as to control the tilt‐error between each lens .The result indicates that by using this technology ,the tilt‐error of the lens is less than 5″and the shift‐error is within 3μm ,thus the design objectives are met .

When the reflection optical system of periscope mirror rotates around mechanical shaft,the reflected image in the view field rotates around the optical axis which greatly affects observation.Offsetting image rotation prisms can eliminate the influence by spinning in the opposite direction.Though the analysis of two widely used offsetting image rotation systems,the criterion of the assembly process is raised,two typical methods for offsetting image rotation prisms are concluded,and the detection of offsetting image rotation prism fixed before and after the resolution in parallel light is put forward to ensure the imaging quality.The method is proved to be effective in reducing the difficulties in alignment of offsetting image rotation prism system and improving image quality.The windage between the optical axis of the offsetting image rotation prisms and system norm axis can be controlled less than 30″.