In order to realize the measurement of the micro relative displacement of the optical components in the vibration environment, first of all, the vibration type of the electro-optical pod was analyzed. The relative micro displacement between the mirror and the frame in the vibration environment was simulated, especially the primary mirror component, which affects the imaging of the optical system by the reflector components. Then, a set of micro displacement measurement devices is designed to make it possible for measuring micro displacement in vibration environment with high precision. The relative displacement of the mirror and the frame in the primary component of an optical system is measured by the devices, the experimental measurement results are consistent with the simulation results. The high-precision measurement of the micro displacement of the optical components in the vibration environment is realized, which proves the effectiveness and correctness of the measurement devices and the method. On the basis of the accurate measurement of micro displacement, measurements to reduce the relative displacement between the mirror and the frame in the vibration environment are proposed, which provides an optimization direction for the improvement of the imaging quality of the optical system.

To improve the adaptability of aerial reflective opto-mechanical structures (mainly including the primary mirror and secondary mirror) to low-temperature environments, typically below −40 °C, an optimized thermal control design, which includes passive insulation and temperature-negative feedback-variable power zone active heating, is proposed. Firstly, the relationship between conventional heating methods and the axial/radial temperature differences of mirrors with different shapes is analyzed. Based on the heat transfer analyses, it is pointed out that optimized thermal control design is necessary to ensure the temperature uniformity of the fused silica mirror, taking into account the temperature level when the aerial electro-optics system is working in low-temperature environments. By adjusting the input voltage based on the measured temperature, the heating power of the subregion is changed accordingly, so as to locally increase or decrease the temperature of the mirrors. The thermal control scheme ensures that the average temperature of the mirror fluctuates slowly and slightly around 20 °C. At the same time, the temperature differences within a mirror and between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror can be controlled within 5 °C. Thereby, the resolution of EO decreases by no more than 11.4%.

The optical axis consistency index of an electro-optical device with side hanging structure of a sensor is out of tolerance. Through the analysis of the structure of the optical bench, sensor cover and other related parts of the electro-optical device, the flatness of the mating surface of optical bench, sensor cover and the sensor mounting surface of optical bench was optimized, the accuracy was improved, and the wall thickness was appropriately increased. The modal analysis of the optical bench before and after improvement was emphasized. The improved electro-optical device was verified and tested by building a test device, and the test data were analyzed. The test results show that the improvement measures are effective in improving the optical axis consistency of the electro-optical device.

针对共光路系统对环境温度的适应性问题，以温度-光学变形特性研究为基础，提出了一种基于综合传热的主镜组件分区域热控方法。建立了主镜组件的传热模型并分析了典型热控工况下的温度分布特性；对不同材质的主镜进行了热仿真，以热光学试验结果修正模型，使主镜温度场的仿真与实测结果绝对偏差小于1.4℃，同时确定了主镜组件的温度梯度控制阈值；采用分区传热策略，使主镜组件达到高温升水平、低温度梯度的热控目标。以某主镜组件为对象进行了仿真与试验：当主镜平均温升达到16℃以上时，镜体轴向温度梯度≤2.5℃，径向与周向温度梯度≤2.4℃，主镜面形变化量小于0.005λ，该结果可为共光路系统的整体热控方案设计提供优化思路。

箱外光电系统综合检测仪是光电成像系统高低温性能检测装置的重要组成部分，多光谱光学窗口是高低温箱和外置目标模拟器的接口。论文根据应用需求及材料分析结果，选取多光谱ZnS作为光学窗口材料，通过热传导理论对光学窗口组件低温使用状态进行分析，重点分析窗口组件在低温条件下加热对窗口组件面型的影响，并提出了实现微应力装配的结构形式及解决窗口组件在低温条件下结霜结雾的设计方案；通过sigfit对有限元计算结果进行提取、处理以及数据拟合，并通过CODE V分析口径为Φ310 mm窗口组件在使用温度范围内的波像差RMS，分析结果显示优于λ/15，满足窗口组件的光学性能要求，最后通过实物样机进行了验证。实验结果表明：该多光谱光学窗口组件的结构设计方案既满足多波段使用要求，又满足低温除霜除雾要求，同时保证了高低温条件下的光学性能要求。

为了满足两镜反射系统对光学元件高精度的装调、定位要求,以及系统工程化应用对可靠性与装调效率的要求,提出了一种基于人工神经网络(ANN)的自适应装调技术。基于矢量波像差理论分析两镜系统波像差与失调量的映射关系,在Keras框架下搭建ANN,并以非解析思路构建了自适应装调模型,开发了自适应装调装置,使失调次镜的平移调校精度优于2 μm,倾斜调校精度优于2″,解决了算法设计与精度优化、反射镜组微应力固联等技术难题,并对某双抛无焦系统完成了自适应装调验证。试验结果表明:运用该装调技术,两镜反射系统装调后波像差优于λ/16、装调周期大幅缩短、装配可靠性通过环境试验考核,为该技术的工程化应用打下了基础。

The primary mirror component is an important part of the Cassegrain system. As the first-stage imaging component, the RMS surface error directly affects the image quality of the whole optical system. In this article, taking the primary mirror component of a certain type of Cassegrain aerial camera as the research object, the factors affecting the RMS precision of the primary mirror surface are analyzed in detail from aspects of back supporting structure design, platen elastic crimping design, simulation analysis, test verification and so on. Using the finite element method to simulate the primary mirror supporting structure, analyzes the influence on the primary surface error by the three-point supporting structure in different positions. Furthermore, analyzes the variations of the primary mirror surface error under the influence of three-point supporting structure and pressure plate. The last but not the least, analyzes the primary mirror surface error under the different pressure conditions, concludes the optimal supporting point position and the excellent elastic compression. After the primary mirror assembling, through test verification, the RMS is 0.0270λ, which is better than the original design requirement of λ/35(0.0286λ). And the RMS variation between before and after assembling is less than 0.005λ. Performing the high and low temperature test on the primary component, after test, the RMS values is 0.0269λ, it proves that the primary frame structure and its axial supporting structure have little effects on the RMS precision of the primary mirror. It can also meet the requirement of the large-aperture primary mirror surface in the co-optical system under complex conditions. The feasibility of the structure design has been verified.

Aiming at the processing of infrared optical parts and the adjustment of infrared optical system, key links, such as surface shape change, optical axis deviation, etc and influencing factors were analyzed in detail caused by internal defects and stress of Infrared optical parts, differences in material properties and adjusting tightening force from the aspects of optical processing and opto-mechanical adjustment, whose influence on the final performance and quality of the infrared system was pointed out. On this basis, the problems existing in the current manufacturing process of the infrared optical system were sorted out, and the related technology which was needed to be carried out and the content of continuous attention were put forward to realize the refinement and parameterization of infrared system process control, and improve the manufacturing performance and quality of infrared optical system.

An centering alignment technique of collimation lens group based on the optical axis of primary mirror is introduced in this paper, so as to meet up with the deviation requirements in the assembly of high-quality Common Path Optical system. A non-aberration system is designed in the first place in order to analyse the conjunction between the Wave-front aberration and eccentric error, then construct the simulation model of cassegrain system and collimation lens group based on test result, formed the eccentric error mapping relationship between the two variables. The collimation lens group is then assembied and aligned on the basis of the axis of the aspheric primary mirror. The technique has been verified through both simulative tests and actual measurements, and the results suggest the eccentric error is less than 0.04mm, and the Common Path Optical system Wave-front aberration RMS less than 0.03um.

A method of three dimensional modeling and contact measurement based on coordinate measuring machine(CMM) for cylinder curve groove is proposed.First of all, the center lines of three dimensional spatial curved grooves are conducted which are transformed from theoretical design data.And then, a three dimensional model is established based on design drawing.Finally, the measurement and data acquisition(DAQ) are complete based on CMM.The establishment of the method realizes a transformation from two dimensional drawing to three dimensional model which lays the foundation for subsequent measurement.Subsequently, the expected data is acquired in a series of steps, including angle presetting, measurers correcting, programming, measuring, etc.As a result, the establishment of the method resolves the issues on modeling three dimensional spatial curved grooves and precision measurement.

A high-accuracy, standardize alignment technology is brought up, to adapt to the features and requirements of catadioptric linear array LWIR sensor, which are far-reaching, small F-number, and unable to staring imaged. The technique guarantees the accuracy of surface after alignment in the first place by using collimator and CMM which strictly controls the optical interval between the primary and secondary mirror, and then introduces wave front aberration measurement to adjust the tilt-errors and shift-errors of the primary and secondary mirror. After that, the method of reference conversion is adopted to line up the optical axis of the primary and secondary mirror and relay lens. At last, a linear detector is adopted to make adjustments to image and optical axis by using mirror. The paper introduces the key techniques in the alignment process such as centering by laser, microstress bond, alignment of the optical interval between the primary and secondary mirror, alignment for each lens, linear detector alignment etc. The results indicate that by introducing these technologies, the MDTD of the sensors can reach as high as 4 K, and the outdoor detection distance is more than 60 km. All the parameters meet design requirements.

介绍了一种定量、直观、高效的光机装调工艺技术思路——量化分析技术,提出了量化分析技术在光电稳瞄系统光机装调工艺过程中的作用.通过多个详实的例子,介绍了量化分析技术在光机装调过程中的应用基础、分析过程和反馈指导等环节,并给出了利用量化分析得到的装调结果,即相比传统工艺,量化分析技术可以明显提高光电稳瞄产品光机装调的精度与装调效率.最后,对量化分析技术的推广应用进行了思考,旨在提升光电稳瞄产品的试制生产质量与效率.

A new high‐precision assembly technique by combining traditional turnery technique with computer assisted assembly ,in an attempt to meet the strict requirements on centering er‐rors of high‐precision standard lens ,was introduced .First ,the tilt‐errors of optical axes were managed by turning centering initially ,and then with the assistance of high‐precision centering errors measurement ,shift‐error alignment for each lens was conducted .Last ,through simula‐ting the optical axis space state by computer ,the ration abrade for circle was done precisely at given angle so as to control the tilt‐error between each lens .The result indicates that by using this technology ,the tilt‐error of the lens is less than 5″and the shift‐error is within 3μm ,thus the design objectives are met .

视差会严重影响望远系统的瞄准和测量精度。传统的检测方法依靠人眼主观判读,只能定性检测。采用自动调焦原理研究了一种基于数字图像处理的视差自动检测方法。建立了调焦量与视差值之间关系的数学模型,通过检测系统的调焦量来得到被测望远系统的视差值。同时设计了用于视差检测的内调焦光学系统,该光学系统具有相对孔径大、成像质量高等特点;选取合适的调焦评价函数对图像进行清晰度的判读,从而找到成像最清晰时的调焦位置,最终通过控制系统实现对视差的自动检测,检测精度优于30″。该方法具有精度高、检测速度快的特点,提高了望远系统的视差检测效率。

According to the requirement of automatic focusing in HUD parallax measuring principles,an inner focusing objective of larger relative aperture and focusing range was designed.In order to eliminate the defects in traditional design,the selected lens groups are assembled into a system and multi-configuration method is adopted to optimize the length of different object distance.In this way,the problem of uncontrollability of short-distance imaging quality was solved.The newly designed inner focusing lens performed well and stable under different object distance,MTF values are above 0.4 both on the optical axis and off-axis in infinite distance when the spatial frequency is 120lp/mm,0.3 on the optical axis at 300mm;the off-axial sagittal of arc is 0.3 and meridian is 0.2,and the relative distortion is confined within 1%.All achieved makes the after-treatment of the image more convenient.