奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛产后普遍发生的子宫内膜炎症,子宫内膜炎使奶牛产犊间期延长、产奶量减少、淘汰率升高、治疗费用增加和抗生素治疗期间牛奶废弃,造成很大的经济损失.研究表明,子宫内微生态的改变与奶牛子宫的健康状态有关,文章对奶牛产后子宫内微生物的组成和有关致病茵的致病机理进行综述,旨在为今后奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊治提供相关依据.

The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the uterine bacterial composition in healthy and endometritic 14 days postpartum buffalo cows.Using culture-independent methods(clone library sequencing of broad-range 16 Sribosomal DNA PCR).Two 16 SrDNA clone libraries were constructed.Sequences were assigned to 5 major groups(Fusobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria).Most of the clone sequences from the endometritic status libraries(38.89%)were affiliated with phylum Fusobacteria and all of these sequences had high identity(≧99%)with Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp.Several clone sequences were affiliated with the phylum Bacteroidetes(46.67%),sequences phylogenetically related to Bacteroides heparinolyticus(55.95%)and Porphyromonas levii(42.86%).Sequences related to Firmicutes(7.72%)and Proteobacteria(6.67%)were found in minor proportions,but bacteria in these two phylum are relatively diverse.Sequences affiliated with Actinobacteria(0.56%)were detected.In the clone libraries from the healthy status groups,the sequences were affiliated with Fusobacteria(26.56%)and all of these sequences had high identity(≧ 99%)with Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp.Additionally,32.81%of the sequences were affiliated with the phylum Firmicutes,with approximately 61.9% of the sequences showing high similarity(≧97%)with Clostridium cadaveris.Further,35.94% of the sequences were affiliated with the phylum Bacteroidetes,with approximately 56.52% of the sequences showing high similarity(99%)with Bacteroides heparinolyticus.In addition to these co-dominant phyla,sequences from Proteobacteria(4.69%)appear less frequently.The main pathogens of endometritis was Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp、Bacteroides heparinolyticus and Porphyromonas levii.Clostridium cadaveris、Porphyromonas somerae and Bacteroides pyogenes may be good for uterine health.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng extract on deodorization,flies repellent of dung and blood biochemical indices of water buffaloes. A total of 100healthy young buffaloes were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 25 heads in each group. Water buffaloes in control group were fed a basal concentrate,and those in trial groups were fed trial contentrates,which were supplemented with 0.1%,0.2% and 0.3% Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng extracts in the basal concentrate,respectively. The results show ed as follows: 1) compared with control group,roughage dry matter intake in trial groups was increased(P 0.05); average daily gian of water buffaloes in trial groupⅡ was significantly increased(P 0.05). 2) The supplementation of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng extract decreased ammonia in the first 10 days of fermentation and H2S emission in the first 5 days. 3) With the increase of supplemental level of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng extract,the alight flies number of dung was decreased,the difference betw een control group and trial groups was significant on the 15th and 30th days of the trial period(P 0.05). 4) Compared with control group,blood cholesterol content in trial groupⅢ was significantly increased(P 0.05); blood urea nitrogen content in trial groupⅠ was significantly increased(P 0.05). In conlusion,Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng extract can improve the growth performance of water buffaloes,reduce ammonia and H2S emission of dung in early excrete stage,and has the effect of flies repellent.

为了比较不同方法测定的山羊粗饲料养分消化率的差异,试验采用随机区组设计,将12头体重相近的山羊随机分为3组(每组4头),分别饲喂象草、高粱秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆,采用酸不溶性灰分法、全收粪法和链烷烃C31法测定了山羊粗饲料干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪和总能消化率。结果表明:象草组、高粱秸秆组和青贮玉米秸秆组分别采用3种方法所得各营养成分的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明3种方法测定山羊饲料养分消化率差异不大。

将12只体重相近的山羊随机分为3组,每组4头.3组山羊分别饲喂以象草、高粱秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆.用全收粪法、酸不溶性灰分(AIA)法和链烷烃C31法测定了山羊对粗饲料中的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)和总能(GE)的消化率,结果表明,3种方法所得DM、OM、CP、NDF、ADF、EE和GE的消化率差异均不显著(P＞0.05).

To study the difference of the best dose and morbidity in type Ⅱ diabetes C57 mice model and KM mice model induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin.C57mice,and KM mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal group(group A) and three doses(50 mg/kg,70 mg/kg,90 mg/kg everyday) of STZ treated groups(group B),(n=10).The mice in group A were fed with common diet,and the mice in group B with were fed high calorie and high sugar diet.From the 4th week,the Group A mice in were injected with intraperitoneally buffered solution of citric acid for successive 4 days,and the mice in goup B were injected with STZ in the same way for 4 days.The fasting blood glucose and weight of all mice were calculated before STZ injection and on the 3rd,7th,15th days after STZ injection.At the same time,the mice's diet,drinking and urination situation were also observed.3 d after administration,blood glucose of KM mice in the high-dose group were higher,7 d after administration,blood glucose of C57 mice in the high-dose group achieved the standard model 3 d after administration,the weight in two kinds of mice were reduced,and compared with the control group,there was a significant difference(P<0.01).In addition,in C57 mice,the higher the STZ doses,the greater the weight loss,and in treatment groups,the body weight reduced gradually.The results showed that induced NIDDM model to establish the suitability of KM mice to STZ were dose 50 mg/kg,and 70 mg/kg per day,and the latter is better,and C57 mice as 70 mg/kg per day.