试验研究发酵中草药对育肥期快大型优质鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响.将35日龄,公母各半的商品代良凤花鸡360只,随机设立2个分组,每个分组3个重复,单个重复60只鸡,其中试验鸡自由饮水和采食.对照组快大型优质鸡饲喂基础饲粮,试验组将5g/kg发酵中草药添加在基础饲粮中饲喂快大型优质鸡.预试期为3d,正式期为30d.结果显示:试验组的平均日增重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01).试验组的平均日耗料与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但有升高的趋势.试验组的料重比极显著低于对照组(P<0.05).试验组的H5型禽流感抗体滴度、H9型禽流感抗体滴度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01).试验组的新城疫抗体滴度显著高于对照组(P<0.05).试验组白细胞、淋巴细胞与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但有升高趋势著.

The cassava residue was wasted as a waste after the production of cassava starch in Guangxi. This article studied how to use Aspergillus oryzae solid-state fermentation to increase the protein content of cassava residues,so that cassava residues can be widely used in animal husbandry.The experimental design included four factors,the water content of the substrate for fermentation of cassava slag,fermentation time,the proportion of A spergillus oryzae inoculation,and the ratio of ammonium nitrate added.Each factor had three levels.3 levels and 4 factors orthogonal test design was designed,including a total of 9 groups,each group of 3 repeats.Each group was added with 5% corn flour as the nutrient of Aspergillus oryzae and different proportions of ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source.The results showed that the optimum conditions for the crude protein content of Aspergillus oryzae to increase cassava residue were as follows:substrate water content was 55%,fermentation time was 6 days,Aspergillus oryzae inoculation ratio was 5%,and the addition of ammonium nitrate was 3%.

To study the effect of the source and amount of fecal suspension on the growth performance and diarrhea rate of weaned pigs,three hundred and sixty piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) weaned were selected and divided into 12 groups with 3 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate,in which 1-3 groups were fed with the basal diet without fecal suspension and 4-12 groups were fed with the basal diet and infused by gavage with fecal suspension made with the fecal from the healthy pregnant sows,lactating cows and weaned pigs,respectively.The amount of every fecal suspension was designed into 10,30,50 mL.All tested piglets were infused by gavage with fecal suspension on AM 8:00 and PM 16:00 of every day from the first day after being weaned for 4 days and only fed with the basal diet after 4 days.The results indicated that:different source of fecal suspension had no significant effects on the growth performance and diarrhea rate of the the tested piglets (P＞0.05).The source and amount of fecal suspension had no significant interaction on the growth performance and diarrhea rate of the tested piglets (P＞0.05).The effects of the amount of fecal suspension on the growth performance and diarrhea rate of the piglets were significantly increased (P＜0.05) with the increase of the amount of fecal suspension.Conclusions were drawn that the healthy pregnant sows,lactating cows and weaned pigs could all be as the donor of fecal microbiota and adding 50 mL fecal suspension had the best comprehensive effect under the experimental conditions.

为了研究粪菌移植技术对断奶仔猪生长性能和下痢率的影响,试验随机选择健康、体重相近、(26±2)日龄的断奶仔猪300头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,1组、2组、3组、4组分别在基础日粮中添加1％、3％、5％、7％粪菌液.试验期42 d,试验组连续饲喂粪菌10d后改为只饲喂基础日粮至第42天.考察第1阶段(1～17 d)、第2阶段(18～42 d)和整个试验阶段(1 ～42 d)断奶仔猪的生长性能和下痢率.结果表明:粪菌移植能够显著提高断奶仔猪的饲料利用率,促进生长发育,降低下痢率,提高断奶仔猪成活率,其中添加7％粪菌液的效果最佳.

In order to isolate and identify anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria in intestine of rhizomyidae, cecum con-tent of Rnizomyssinehsis was collected and diluted. Culture mediums with different kinds of cellulose [ micro-crystalline cellulose ( MCC ) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ( CMC-Na ) , respectively ] were used for preliminary screening of cellulolytic bacteria under anaerobic condition, and then multiple screening using cul-ture medium with cellobiose as the only carbon source was carried out. The screened strains were identified by the methods of morphology and molecular biology. The results showed as follows: after preliminary screening and screening, two strains of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria were isolated. After preliminary screening on cul-ture medium with MCC and CMC-Na, the cellulolytic enzyme activity of final screened strains was 6.599 and 5.268 U/mL, respectively. After PCR identification and sequencing, the sequence was used to construct phylo-genetic tree, and high homology was found between the two strains and Clostridium butyricum, which reached 99%. The two strains belonged to Clostridium. In conclusion, two strains of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria are successfully screened from cecum in of rhizomyidae, and are belonged to Clostridium.

This study was conducted to isolate, screen and identify several strains of tannin degradable bacteria in rumen of goats. Ruminal contents was collected from goats, and were preliminary screened by tolerance cul-ture medium with different tannic concentrations, then strains of tannin degradable bacteria were isolated, screened by tannase identification culture mediums. The screened strains were firstly identified by the methods of 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and then were cultured on tannase inductive culture mediums with different tan-nin concentrations ( 0. 5%, 1% and 1. 5%, respectively ) for the analysis of enzyme activity. The results showed as follows: four strains of tannin degradable bacteria were isolated and screened. According to the re-sults of 16S rDNA gene sequencing, the strains were Providencia alcalifaciens, Kerstersia, Providencia Ver-micola and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. After cultured on tannase inductive culture medium, the in-tra-cellular tannase activity of Kerstersia was higher than that of the other three strains, which was pretty close to each other; after inducted by 1.5% tannin, the activity was significantly higher than that inducted by 0.5%and 1% tannin ( P<0.05) . In conclusion, four strains with high enzyme activity of tannin degradable bacteria in rumen of goats was successfully isolated, screened and identified.

试验旨在研究不同比例的复合益生菌制剂对断奶仔猪的生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响.选择160头平均体重为(8.06±0.31) kg的(28±2)日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头(公、母各半).对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加0.1％、0.2％、0.3％的复合益生菌制剂的试验饲粮,正试期30 d.结果表明:与对照组比较,添加0.1％、0.2％、0.3％的复合益生菌制剂均能够显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重(P＜0.05),显著降低料重比和腹泻率(P＜0.05);显著提高饲粮的总能、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分、钙、磷的消化率(P＜0.05);显著提高断奶仔猪的血清总蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白(IgG)的含量(P＜0.05),显著降低血清的白蛋白/球蛋白比值(P＜0.05);其中,以添加0.2％的效果最好.由此可见,添加复合益生菌制剂均能够显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能、养分消化率和免疫能力,以0.2％为最适添加量.

Orthogonal array design was applied to optimize the fermentation conditions of acid meat from fresh pork to obtain the minimum content of TVB-N, acid value, peroxide value, nitrite. The result indicates that the four factors(glutinous rice powder added content, salt added content, fermentation temperature and fermentation time) are the main effects of acid meat safety. The optimal fermentation conditions were: glutinous rice powder added 25%, salt added 6%, 35 ℃, 2 months.

The aim was to study effects of different ratios of complex-probiotic-preparation on growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of broiler. 360 healthy and 50-day Guangxi Lingshan native chickens with similar body weight were chosen and divided into three groups, and each group had four repeats. Each repeat had 30 chickens(half cock and half hens).Control group were fed with basal diet, while tested group were fed with tested diet within 0.1% and 0.2% complex-probioticpreparation, respectively. The test lasted for 70 days. Results showed that, compared with control, adding 0.1% and 0.2%complex-probiotic-preparation could significantly improve average daily gain and survival rate of broiler(P0.05), significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain(P0.05), significantly improve half net carcass rate and whole net carcass rate(P0.05),significantly decreased percentage of abdominal fat(P0.05), significantly improve crude protein, ash content and inosinic acid(P0.05), and significantly decreased crude fat and cholesterol content of thoracic muscle(P0.05). Therefore, adding different ratios of complex-probiotic-preparation could significantly improve the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of broiler, among them adding 0.1% complex-probiotic-preparation had the best comprehensive effect.

以木薯渣为主要发酵原料,用由黑曲霉、米曲霉、酿酒酵母、益生素(由地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌组成,下同)组成的不同混合菌发酵,筛选出发酵效果最优的混合菌组合,然后采用正交试验法对筛选出的最优混合菌组合进行最适宜发酵工艺条件的研究.结果表明:①以黑曲霉、米曲霉、酿酒酵母、益生素组成的混合菌发酵的木薯渣,其粗蛋白含量最高,显著高于对照组和其它的试验组(P＜0.05);pH值和粗纤维含量均为最低,显著低于它们各自的对照组和其它的试验组(P＜0.05).②对上述混合菌进行最适宜发酵工艺条件优化,发现以底物含水量为50％、尿素比例为1％、混合菌接种比例为4％、发酵时间为5d的条件发酵木薯渣,其粗蛋白含量和尿素利用率最高、中性洗涤纤维含量和酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,并且均与其它试验组差异显著(P＜0.05).

为了探索十二烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,SDBS)对黄牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响,采用体外培养法,以发酵木薯渣粉和玉米粉各200 mg为瘤胃发酵底物,SDBS按培养液底物浓度共设四个浓度:0(对照组)、0.2％、0.4％、0.8％,每个浓度设三个重复,分别培养3、6、9和12h,在每次培养结束时,记录产气量,取出培养液,测定培养液的原虫数量、pH、氨态氮和微生物蛋白含量.结果表明:(1)添加SDBS 0、0.20％、0.40％和0.80％,瘤胃培养液的原虫数量、pH、氨态氮含量均随着SDBS浓度的递增显著降低(P＜0.05),其中添加SDBS 0.20％和0.40％组,能够缩短培养液pH稳定的时间,并且使pH稳定在适宜微生物生长的范围内;(2)与对照组比较,添加SDBS 0.2％、0.40％均能显著提高瘤胃培养液的产气量和微生物蛋白含量(P＜0.05),其中添加0.40％组的产气量和微生物蛋白含量均显著高于添加0.2％组的产气量和微生物蛋白含量(P＜0.05).综上可见,添加适量的SDBS能够显著降低黄牛体外瘤胃发酵的原虫数量、pH、氨态氮含量,显著提高其产气量和微生物蛋白含量.提高黄牛体外瘤胃发酵性能的SDBS的最适添加量为0.4％.

水牛初乳富含免疫球蛋白和生长因子等活性物质,对新生哺乳动物具有良好的营养作用。选用新生仔猪为试验对象,分别饲喂水牛初乳粉（SCR组）、水牛常乳粉（SC组）、葡萄糖盐水（PY组）,并以0日龄新生仔猪作为对照（XD组）。研究水牛初乳粉对新生仔猪肠道粘膜及肝脏IGF-I、IGF-IR表达量的影响。结果表明,水牛初乳粉使新生仔猪在最初发育的3d内,肠道粘膜和肝脏中IGF-I基因表达量大幅度增加,IGF-I mRNA/β-actin比值高于XD组且P＜0.01;通过IGF-IR基因表达的研究发现,水牛初乳粉能增加肠粘膜中IGF-IR的表达量,但增幅小于IGF-I表达量;在肝脏中,水牛初乳粉使IGF-IR基因表达量略有降低,但与其它两个试验组相比,降低值最小,PY组次之,SC组降低值最大。水牛初乳能显著促进新生仔猪肠道和肝脏IGF-I基因表达,而对IGF-IR基因表达的影响表现为肠粘膜中表达量增加,脏脏中表达量降低。

This experiment was conducted to study the diversity of cecal bacterial flora in bamboo rat(Rhizomyidae) analyzed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis(ARDRA) technology.The culture-free technology of molecular biology was used to extract microbial total DNA from the cecum of bamboo rat.The bacteria universal primers F27 / R1492 were used to amplify bacteria genes of 16S rDNA so as to build up gene library of 16S rDNA.Two kinds of restriction enzymes,HaeⅢ and HhaⅠ,were used to digest amplification products of positive clones,and then different operational taxonomic units(OTU) sequencing were picked up.Through Blast comparing online,the diversity of cecal bacterial flora in bamboo rat was analyzed.The results showed that the most microbes in cecum of bamboo rat were uncultured or unknow n strains which were the selected strains of potential significance in taxonomy,and there were microorganism groups related to lipid metabolism.Meanwhile,the distribution of Lactobacillus,Bacillus,Fusiformis and Paenibacillus polymyxa also existed.In conclusion,Bacillus,Fusiformis and two unknown strains w hose clone numbers are more than 20 are dominant strains.

The aim of the study was to generate a transgenic swine fibroblast cell line of pepsin-and trypsin-toleranceing.After culturing,transgenic yeast fermentation broth was collected to detect the enzyme activity under the condition of pH2.0 for pepsin treatments with different concentrations and pH7.0 for trypsin treatments with different concentrations,respectively.The expression vector containing phytase gene was packaged in lentivirus and then infected swine fibroblasts.After subculturing,positive cells were screened with flow cytometric approach and cultured.The results showed that more than 70% of phytase activity remained after treatment with pepsin and more than 80% activity was remained when treated with trypsin.Lentivirus was packaged with 3.75×107 titer and transfected into porcine fibroblast cells,with 1.2% positive rate obtained.PCR assessment indicated that the exogenous gene was inserted into the chromosome of the swine fibroblast cells successfully.Moreover,RT-PCR evaluation suggested that the phytase gene expressed in the transcript level.In short,the study provides a fast and effective approach for preparing phytase transgenic cell line,as well as a foundation for further breeding transgenic pig.

在配合饲料中添加0,200,400,600,800,1000 mg/kg茶皂素,进行为期60 d的鲤鱼饲养试验,结果表明:饲料中添加一定量的茶皂素对鲤鱼有促生长作用,且添加600 mg/kg茶皂素时,饲养效果最佳,其增重率为506.83％、生长比率为3.01％、饲料系数为1.99、蛋白质效率为1.21％.

为了比较不同方法测定的山羊粗饲料养分消化率的差异,试验采用随机区组设计,将12头体重相近的山羊随机分为3组(每组4头),分别饲喂象草、高粱秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆,采用酸不溶性灰分法、全收粪法和链烷烃C31法测定了山羊粗饲料干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪和总能消化率。结果表明:象草组、高粱秸秆组和青贮玉米秸秆组分别采用3种方法所得各营养成分的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明3种方法测定山羊饲料养分消化率差异不大。

将12只体重相近的山羊随机分为3组,每组4头.3组山羊分别饲喂以象草、高粱秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆.用全收粪法、酸不溶性灰分(AIA)法和链烷烃C31法测定了山羊对粗饲料中的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)和总能(GE)的消化率,结果表明,3种方法所得DM、OM、CP、NDF、ADF、EE和GE的消化率差异均不显著(P＞0.05).

以酪蛋白为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油(1∶1)为脂肪源,统糠为填充物,糊精为糖源,淀粉为粘合剂,添加适量的矿物质和维生素预混料,制成蛋白含量约30%、脂肪含量约10%、胆碱含量分别为0.00%、0.20%、0.40%、0.60%的配合饲料。喂养平均体长20.00cm、平均体重140.91g的倒刺鲃。经过50d的试验,结果表明,饲料中添加胆碱对提高倒刺鲃的增重率和生长比率、降低饲料系数均有显著效果,但不是越多越好,在本试验中以0.20%时饲养效果最好。

以酪蛋白为蛋白源，鱼油和豆油（1：1）为脂肪源，统糠为填充物，糊精为糖源，淀粉为粘合剂，添加适量的矿物质和维生素预混料，制成蛋白含量约30％、脂肪含量约10％、胆碱含量分别为0．00％、0．20％、0．40％、0．60％的配合饲料。喂养平均体长20．00cm、平均体重140．91g的倒刺喜巴。经过50d的试验，结果表明，饲料中添加胆碱对提高倒刺喜巴的增重率和生长比率、降低饲料系数均有显著效果，但不是越多越好，在本试验中以0．20％时饲养效果最好。

为了进一步阐明水牛HSP70基因在热应激中发挥的作用,研究水牛HSP70基因的多态性,试验以广西沼泽型水牛血样为材料,根据HSP70基因的保守区设计引物,应用RT - PCR方法扩增获得了长度为322 bp的HSP70基因片段,并与GenBank公布的其他HSP70蛋白序列比对同时运用DNAStar分析软件构建HSP70基因的系统发育树.结果表明:克隆得到的HSP70基因片段与牛的HSPA1A蛋白、野牦牛的HSPA70 -2蛋白和牛的HSP70a蛋白的同源性分别为98％、95％和92％；广西沼泽型水牛与杂交型水牛聚集成一支,这与牛科动物的实际进化关系吻合.